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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1988年第4期1卷 393-405页

作者： Li Jiuling Huang Jiashan Zhou Kezi zhang guilan institute of mineral deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing institute of mineral deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing

Experimental studies on the two solid solutions franckeite s.s. and cylindrite s.s. yielded among others thePb-free endmembers of franckeite and cylindrite respectively. In these endmembers the lead content of the twomineral phases are completely substituted by bivalent tin. A third phase, ottemannite s.s. with （Fe. Sb）-bearingcompositions, was further identified in the Pb-free 4-component system Fe-Sn-Sb-S. Pb-free franckeite andcylindrite could only be synthesized as homogeneous phases at high temperatures. The ottemannite s.s. was ob-tained at 600℃ but an extensive existing range was also confirmed at temperatures below 500℃. The phase relations were discussed in the pseudoternary subsystem SnS-SnS2-FeSb2S4. The following se-quence of Pb-free phases and phase assemblages were observed under increasing Sn4+content at 600℃:herzenhergite （SnS）+franckeite, franckeite, franckeite+cylindrite, cylindrite, cylindrite+（Fe, Sb）-ottemannite.（Fe, Sb）-ottemannite. （Fe. Sb）-ottemannite+berndtite （SnS2）. The assemblage cylindrite+berndtite was identi-fied in synthetic systems involving Pb. The phase Fe. Sb-ottemannite s.s. appears to be stable only under Pb-de-ficient and high sulfur fugacity conditions.

关键词： Pb-Free Franckeite An Experimental Study on Three Quaternary Phases in the Fe-Sn-Sb-S System Ottemannite s.s Fe Sb Sn

Quartz-Ferberite Oxygen Isotope Geothermometer and Its geological Applications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1992年第3期66卷 271-281页

作者： Ding Tiping Liu Yushan Wan Defang Liu Zhijian Li Jincheng zhang guilan institute of mineral deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing institute of mineral deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing

Experiments for oxygen isotope exchange between ferberite and water were carried out and the followingequation on oxygen isotope fractionation between ferberite and water against temperature was obtained:Combining this equation with the equation of Clayton et al. (1972) on oxygen isotope fractionation be-tween quartz and water, an equation on oxygen isotope fractionation between quartz and ferberite was ob-tained:The Bigeleison-Mayer function method was used to calculate the oxygen isotope fractionation betweenquartz and ferberite. The theoretical curve obtained agrees with the experimental calibration results quite wellin the temperature range of *** above calibrated equation has been used in 5 world famous tungsten deposits to determine their tem-peratures of formation. The results show that the temperature range for an idividual deposit determined by thisgeothermometer agrees with those obtained from fluid inclusion determination and other isotopegeothermometers.

关键词： geothermometer oxygen isotope quartz--ferberite

Experimental Study on the Leaching of Gold from Greenstone

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1993年第2期67卷 211-221页

作者： Liu Yushan, zhang guilan institute of mineral deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing and Tian Jun Changchun College of Geology, Changchun, Jilin institute of mineral deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

Experiments were conducted on the leaching of gold from greenstone by chloride solution under the temperature of 200—550℃ and the pressure of 60 MPa. During part of the experiments, the oxygen fugacity was controlled. The results show that the leaching rate of gold is related to temperature, composition of the solution, pH and oxygen fugacity. In the experiment with oxidative acidic solution, the leaching rate was up to 50％ or more. It is known that the leaching of gold is restricted by the reaction in which the gold is dissolved from the rock to form gold chloride complex. Therefore, the authors hold that the acidic chloride solution derived from granite magma has caused the remobilization-migration of gold from greenstone and its enrichment into ore.

关键词： leaching gold deposits greenstone

The Existence of the Negative Charge of Gold in Sulphide minerals and Its Formation Mechanism

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1995年第3期69卷 303-315,341页

作者： Li Jiuling, Feng Daming, Qi Feng and zhang guilan institute of mineral deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing beijing U niversity of Science and Engineering, beijing Fei Zhenbi 1 institute of mineral deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing2 Beijing University of Science and Engineering Beijing

Through a study, particularly an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) analysis, of gold-bearing arsenopyrite and pyrite in Carlin-type gold deposits of Guangxi, China, and hydrothermally synthesized gold-bearing pyrite and marcasite, the authors have found that these minerals contain 'invisible gold' whose binding energy is lower than that of native gold (Au°). Therefore they suggest that gold occurs in a negative charge state in these sulphide minerals as it replaces some sulphur and is combined with sulphur with the covalent bond. This paper also preliminarily discusses the possibility of its formation from the chemistry and geochemistry of gold, crystal chemistry of arsenopyrite, pyrite and marcasite and geochemical environment.

关键词： Carlin-type gold deposit sulphide invisible gold chemical bound gold negative charge of gold

geological Setting of the Porphyry Copper Deposit Series of China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1992年第1期66卷 59-73页

作者： zhang Hongtao Rui Zongyao institute of mineral deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing Liu Linqun institute of mineral deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing

In accordance with the terms global minerogenic series, regional metallogenic series and ore depositsystem which are put forward here, metallogenic environments at different levels are discussed for theporphyry copper deposit series in China. It is considered that the porphyry copper deposits in China arecontrolled not only by the boundaries of convergent plates but, more importantly, by the boundaries ofintraplate divergent mobile belts and those between continental blocks. Besides, the emplacement ofhypabyssal and supper-hypabyssal calc-alkaline magmas and the temporal-spatial distribution of China'sporphyry copper deposits are governed by the superimposition of fracture systems of the pre-Alpine base-ments. Meso-Cenozoic cover and continental-margin new-born crust. Such a superimposition has also re-sulted in the polycyclicity of the mineralization.

关键词： zhang geological Setting of the Porphyry Copper Deposit Series of China

mineralogy and Mode of Occurrence of Gold, Silver and Bismuth of the Caijiaying Lead-Zine-Silver Deposit, Hebei Province

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1991年第4期65卷 371-385,461页

作者： Huang Dianhao Ding Xiaoshi Wu Chengyu zhang Changjiang institute of mineral deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing geological Party No.3, Hebei Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources, zhang jiakou, Hebei Fei Zhenbi institute of mineral deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

The deposit under study is a hydrothermal filling-metasomatic vein type lead-zinc-silver deposit, in whichgold and silver can be recovered as by-products. These metals mainly occur as microgranular native gold,electrum, stephanite, acanthite, pyraragyrite, freibergite, and native silver. Gold minerals tend to be associatedwith galenobismutite, native bismuth and unnamed Bi_2Te. They are either enclosed in pyrite, marmatite,iron-bearing sphalerite and galens or fill the microfissures of these minerals. Silver minerals usually occur incleavages or fissures of galena, marmatite and pyrite, but are not associated with gold and bismuth minerals.Gold and silver mineralizations occurred later than lead and zinc, while the silver mineralization was precededby that of gold.

关键词： mineralogy and Mode of Occurrence of Gold Hebei Province

The Mechanism of Structural Control of Ore Formation and Geochemical Characteristics in the Massive Sulfide deposits of the Wushan Copper Ore Field,Jiangxi

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第3期64卷 261-274页

作者： Liu Xun institute of Geomechanics, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing zhang Zhongmin institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing

The ore-controlling mechanism of the bedding fault system in the massive sulfide deposits of the Wushancopper orefield may be generalized as the control of ore deposition by optimum surface in an ore-formingstructural trap. The mechanism has three major features: (1) timing of mineralization; (2) positioning of hostformation; and (3) dependence of ore-controlling structure on properties of rocks. The 'optimum surface' is adivisional structural plane which marks obvious difference in physical, chemical and mechanical properties andis favorable for mineralization. It is also a unity of structures. lithofacies and orebodies. The structural and geochemical characteristics of the ore deposits indicate the migration trend of the ma-jor characteristic clements in the ore-controlling fault belt: elements with a small radius (Si, Fe, Mg and Al)moved towards and concentrated at the center of the belt while large-radius ones (Ca, K and Na) were remotefrom the center.

关键词： The Mechanism of Structural Control of Ore Formation and Geochemical Characteristics in the Massive Sulfide deposits of the Wushan Copper Ore Field Jiangxi

Negative Haloes and Geochemical Field Systems of Hydrothermal deposits

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1993年第2期67卷 195-209页

作者： Ji Kejian, Wang Liben, Lu Fengxiang, Wang Wuyi and zhang Jianhua institute of mineral deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing institute of mineral deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing

Primary haloes of hydrothermal deposits were previously considered as positive haloes. Although it has been recently suggested that primary haloes incude positive and negative ones, almost all the research work on primary haloes has still focused on positive haloes for various reasons. In order to understand the source of ore substances a number of large hydrothermal deposits related to magmatism including porphyry, skarn and vein type deposits have been studied. It has been found that negative haloes exist on the peripheries of positive haloes of a mineral deposit. On the basis of the study the authors propose the concept of the geochemical field system of ore-forming elements of hydrotherreal deposits, i. e., with the orebody as the centre outwards there occur the mineralized field, positive halo field, depleted field and background field successively.

关键词： hydrothermal deposit negative halo geochemical field system

REE Geochemistry and mineralization Characteristics of the Zudong and Gnanxi Granites, Jiangxi Province

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1989年第2期63卷 139-157页

作者： Huang Dianhao, Wu Chengyu institute of mineral deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing and Han Jiuzhu Southern Jiangxi geological Survey Party, Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources, Ganzhou zhang Zhong min institute of mineral deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

The Zudong and Guanxi granites are original rocks of the ion adsorption-type HREE and LREE deposits in weathering crust of granites. The ΣREE value and LREE/HREE ratio of the Zudong granite are 264 ppm and 0.81-0.24 respectively, and the average Y/ΣREE ratio is 35.8-54.5%. This is mainly due to magmatic crystallization and evolution and deuteric metasomatism (albitization, muscovitization and fluorite-doveritization). These alterations resulted in endogenic mineralizations of yttrium-group REE fluorine carbonates, silicates and arsenates. The Guanxi granite is characterized by LREE enrichment (the average LREE/HREE ratio is 2.43).

关键词： REE Geochemistry and mineralization Characteristics of the Zudong and Gnanxi Granites Jiangxi Province

Fluid Inclusion Geochemistry of Metallic Ore deposits in the South- Central Sector of theDa Hinggan Mountains in China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1995年第3期69卷 289-302页

作者： Sheng Jifu, zhang Dequan and Li Yaninstitute of mineral deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing Jiang M inxi institute of mineral deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing

Physicochemical parameters of mineralization such as temperature, pressure, salinity, density, composition and boiling of ore fluids as well as pH, Eh, fo2 and reducing parameter in theprocess of mineralization of major ore deposits in the study district have been obtained by the authors through systematic observation and determination of characteristics and phase changes of fluid inclusions at different temperatures and analysis of gaseous and liquid phase compositions of the inclusions, thus providing a scientific basis for the division of mineralization-alteration stages, types of mineral deposits and minerogenetic series and the deepening of the knowledge about the ore-forming processes and mechanisms of mineral deposits. It is indicated that the deposits of the same type have similar fluid inclusion geochemical features and physicochemical parameters though they belong to different minerogenetic series, while the compositions of inclusions are not conditioned by deposit types but closely related to the minerogenetic series of deposits.

关键词： south-central sector of the Da Hinggan Mountains metallic ore deposit fluid inclusion geochemistry