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Cross-linked polyelectrolyte reinforced SnO_(2)electron transport layer for robust flexible perovskite solar cells

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 335-342,I0010页

作者： Zhihao Li Zhi Wan Chunmei Jia Meng zhang Meihe zhang Jiayi Xue Jianghua Shen Can Li Chao zhang Zhen Li State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene(NPU)Xi’an 710072ShaanxiChina Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering School of AeronauticsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering ApplicationsXi’an 710072ShaanxiChina Research&Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 519057GuangdongChina

SnO_(2)electron transport layer(ETL)is a vital component in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),due to its excellent photoelectric properties and facile fabrication *** this study,we synthesized a water-soluble and adhesive polyelectrolyte with ethanolamine(EA)and poly-acrylic acid(PAA).The linear PAA was crosslinked by EA,forming a 3D network that stabilized the SnO_(2)nanoparticle *** organic–inorganic hybrid ETL is developed by introducing the cross-linked PAA-EA into SnO_(2)ETL,which prevents nano particle agglomeration and facilitates uniform SnO_(2)film formation with fewer ***,the PAA-EA-modified SnO_(2)facilitated a uniform and compact perovskite film,enhancing the interface contact and carrier ***,the PAA-EA-modified PSCs exhibited excellent PCE of 24.34%and 22.88%with high reproducibility for areas of 0.045 and 1.00 cm~2,***,owing to structure reinforce effect of PAA-EA in SnO_(2)ETL,flexible device demonstrated an impressive PCE of 23.34%while maintaining 90.1%of the initial PCE after 10,000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 5 *** successful approach of polyelectrolyte reinforced hybrid organic–inorganic ETL displays great potential for flexible,large-area PSCs application.

关键词： Polyelectrolyte Cross-link Tin oxide Electron transfer layer Flexible solar cells

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Variations in traffic-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Kanazawa, Japan, after the implementation of a new vehicle emission regulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 38-47页

作者： Wanli Xing Lu Yang Hao zhang Xuan zhang Yan Wang Pengchu Bai Lulu zhang Kazuichi Hayakawa Seiya Nagao Ning Tang Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan

A three-year sampling campaign was conducted at a roadside air pollution monitoring station in the urban area of Kanazawa, Japan. Due to a new emission regulation, PAHs levels decreased over the sampling campaign, exhibiting values of 706 ± 413 pg/m^(3) in 2017, 559 ±384 pg/m^(3) in 2018, and 473 ± 234 pg/m^(3) in 2019. In each year, similar seasonal variations in PAHs levels were observed, with higher levels observed in winter and lower levels in summer. Among the PAHs isomer ratios, we observed that the ratio of benzo[b]fluoranthene(BbF) and benzo[k]fluoranthene(BkF), [Bb F]/([BbF] + [BkF]), and the ratio of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene(IDP) and benzo[ghi]perylene(BgPe), [IDP]/([BgPe] + [IDP]), showed stability over the sampling campaign and were less affected by the new emission regulation, seasonal variations, and regional characteristics. When using the combined ratio ranges of 0.66-0.80([Bb F]/[BbF] + [BkF]) and 0.26-0.49([IDP]/[Bg Pe] + [IDP]), traffic emissions were clearly distinguished from other PAHs emission sources. Principal component analysis(PCA) and positive matrix factorization(PMF) were also performed to further analyse the characteristics of traffic-related PAHs. Overall, this study affirmed the effectiveness of the new emission regulation in the reduction of PAHs emissions and provided a combined range for identifying PAHs traffic emission sources.

关键词： Urban air pollution Traffic emission Roadside air pollution monitoring station Source apportionment

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High-performance and broadband photodetection of bicrystalline(GaN)_(1-x)(ZnO)_(x)solid solution nanowires via crystal defect engineering

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第26期85卷 255-262页

作者： Zongyi Ma Gang Li Xinglai zhang Jing Li Cai zhang Yonghui Ma Jian zhang Bing Leng Natalia Usoltseva Vladimir An Baodan Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Structure Analysis Division Testing CenterInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang 110016China Department of Plastic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001China School of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University30 Lenin Ave.Tomsk 634050Russia

Crystal defect engineering is widely used as an effective approach to regulate the optical and optoelectronic properties of semiconductor ***,photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination centers caused by structural defects usually lead to the reduction of optoelectronic *** this work,a high-performance photodetector based on(GaN)_(1-x)(ZnO)_(x)solid solution nanowire with bicrystal structure is fabricated and it shows excellent photoresponse to ultraviolet and visible *** highest responsivity of the photodetector is as high as 60,86 and 43 A/W under the irradiation of365 nm,532 nm and 650 nm,*** corresponding response time is as fast as 170,320 and 160 *** wide spectral responses can be attributed to various intermediate energy levels induced by the introduction of various structural defects and dopants in the solid solution ***,the peculiar bicrystal boundary along the axial direction of the nanowire provides two parallel and fast transmission channels for photo-generated carriers,reducing the recombination of photo-generated *** findings provide a valued example using crystal defect engineering to broaden the photoresponse range and improve the photodetector performance and thus can be extended to other material systems for various optoelectronic applications.

关键词： (GaN)1-x(ZnO)x Nanowires Photodetectors Broadband photodetection Crystal defect engineering

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Atomic mechanisms of hexagonal close-packed Ni nanocrystallization revealed by in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy

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Nano Research 2022年第7期15卷 6772-6778页

作者： Junyu zhang Miao Li Zewen Kang Bensheng Xiao Haichen Lin Jingyu Lu Haodong Liu Xue zhang Dong-Liang Peng Qiaobao zhang Instrumental Analysis Center Laboratory and Equipment Management DepartmentHuaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021China Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China College of Chemical Engineering Huaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021China Center for Materials and Interfaces Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen 518055China Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361005China School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China Chemical Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

The fundamental understanding of the mechanism underlying the early stages of crystallization of hexagonal-close-packed(hcp)nanocrystals is crucial for their synthesis with desired properties,but it remains a significant ***,we report using in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy(TEM)to directly capture the dynamic nucleation process and track the real-time growth pathway of hcp Ni nanocrystals at the atomic *** is demonstrated that the growth of amorphous-phase-mediated hcp Ni nanocrystals is from the metal-rich liquid *** addition,the reshaped preatomic facet development of a single nanocrystal is also *** calculations further identify the non-classical features of hcp Ni *** discoveries could enrich the nucleation and growth model theory and provide useful information for the rational design of synthesis pathways of hcp nanocrystals.

关键词： hexagonal-close-packed(hcp)nanocrystals liquid cell transmission electron microscopy(TEM) amorphous-phasemediated reshape

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Regulating the conductance of tungsten diselenide by oxygen plasma and improving its electrical stability by encapsulation

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3253-3260页

作者： Zhaofang Cheng Shaodan He Shimin zhang Shijun Duan Min Wang Ziyu Liu Rong zhang Wenya Qiang Xudong zhang Minggang Xia MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter School of PhysicsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Applied Physics School of PhysicsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Optoelectronic Quantum Devices School of PhysicsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Two-dimensional(2D)tungsten selenide(WSe_(2))is promising candidate material for future electronic applications,owing to its potential for ultimate device *** improving the electronic performance of WSe_(2)-based field-effect transistors(FETs),the modification of surface properties is *** this study,the seamless structural phase transition in WSe_(2) lattice is achieved by soft oxygen plasma,regulating the electrical conductance of WSe_(2)-based *** found that during the soft oxygen plasma treatment with optimal processing time,the generated oxygen ions can substitute some selenium atoms and thus locally modify the bond length,inducing 2H→1T phase transition in WSe_(2) with seamless *** mosaic structures have been proven to tailor the electronic structure and increase the hole carrier concentration inside WSe_(2),significantly increasing the channel conductance of WSe_(2) *** the further increase of the oxygen plasma treatment time,the creation of more selenium vacancy defects leads to the electronic doping,resulting in the reduction of *** from the hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)encapsulation to interrupt the partial structural relaxation from 1T to 2H phase,our WSe_(2) FET exhibits high electronic stability with conductance of 6.8×10^(-4) S,which is about four orders of magnitude higher than 2H WSe_(2)(5.8×10^(-8) S).This study could further broaden the WSe_(2) FETs in applications for functionalization and integration in electronics.

关键词： tungsten selenide(WSe2) structural phase transition oxygen plasma conductance hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)encapsulation

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Bacterial communities and enzyme activities during litter decomposition of Elymus nutans leaf on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第10期21卷 3249-3262页

作者： zhang Zhiyang JIAO Yi DONG Xiaogang MA Yinshan zhang Shiting State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Center for Volatile Interactions(VOLT)and Terrestrial Ecology Section Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2100Denmark College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering Hexi UniversityZhangye 734000China

The dominant plant litter plays a crucial role in carbon(C)and nutrients cycling as well as ecosystem functions maintenance on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The impact of litter decomposition of dominant plants on edaphic parameters and grassland productivity has been extensively studied,while its decomposition processes and relevant mechanisms in this area remain poorly *** conducted a three-year litter decomposition experiment in the Gansu Gannan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,an alpine meadow ecosystem on the QTP,to investigate changes in litter enzyme activities and bacterial and fungal communities,and clarify how these critical factors regulated the decomposition of dominant plant Elymus nutans(***)*** results showed that cellulose and hemicellulose,which accounted for 95%of the initial lignocellulose content,were the main components in *** litter *** litter enzyme activities ofβ-1,4-glucosidase(BG),β-1,4-xylosidase(BX),andβ-D-cellobiosidase(CBH)decreased with decomposition while acid phosphatase,leucine aminopeptidase,and phenol oxidase increased with *** found that both litter bacterial and fungal communities changed significantly with ***,bacterial communities shifted from copiotrophic-dominated to oligotrophic-dominated in the late stage of litter *** least squares path model revealed that the decomposition of *** litter was mainly driven by bacterial communities and their secreted *** and Proteobacteria were important producers of enzymes BG,BX,and CBH,and their relative abundances were tightly positively related to the content of cellulose and hemicellulose,indicating that Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria are the main bacterial taxa of the decomposition of *** *** conclusion,this study demonstrates that bacterial communities are the main driving forces behind the decomposition of *** litter,high

关键词： Litter decomposition Lignocellulose matrix Bacterial community Litter enzyme activity Elymus nutans Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Controlling mine pressure by subjecting high-level hard rock strata to ground fracturing

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第6期8卷 1336-1350页

作者： Rui Gao Tiejun Kuang Yanqun zhang Wenyang zhang Chunyang Quan College of Mining Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina Jinneng Holding Group Datong 037000ShanxiChina

When mining extra-thick coal seams,the main cause of strong ground pressure are the high-level thick and hard strata,but as yet there is no active and effective control *** paper proposes the method of subjecting hard roofs to ground fracturing,and physical simulation is used to study the control effect of ground fracturing on the strata structure and energy *** results show that ground fracturing changes the structural characteristics of the strata and reduces the energy release intensity and the spatial extent of overburden movement,thereby exerting significant control on the ground *** Datong mining area in China is selected as the engineering *** engineering test was conducted on site by ground horizontal well fracturing,and a 20-m-thick hard rock layer located 110 m vertically above the coal seam was targeted as the fracturing ***-site microseismic monitoring shows that the crack propagation length is up to 216 m and the height is up to 50 ***-site mine pressure monitoring shows that(1)the roadway deformation is reduced to 100 mm,(2)the periodic weighting characteristics of the hydraulic supports are not obvious,and(3)the ground pressure in the working face is controlled significantly,thereby showing that the ground fracturing is *** fracturing changed the breaking characteristics of the high-level hard strata,thereby helping to ameliorate the stress concentration in the stope and providing an effective control approach for hard rock.

关键词： Ground fracturing High-level hard roof Breakage characteristics Pressure control Safety mining

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Competitive adsorption of Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb by agricultural soils of the Changjiang and Zhujiang deltas in China

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第11期8卷 1808-1815页

作者： zhang Ming-kui ZHENG Shun-an Department of Natural Resource Sciences School of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Soils can often be contaminated simultaneously by more than one heavy metal. The sorption-desorption behavior of a metal in a soil will be affected by the presence of other metals. Therefore, selective retention and competitive adsorption of the soils to heavy metals can affect their availability and movement through the soils. In this study, the simultaneous competitive adsorption of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb) on ten agricultural soils collected from the Changjiang and Zhujiang deltas, China was assessed. The results showed that the competition affected the behavior of heavy metal cations in such a way that the soils adsorbed less Cd and Hg, and more Pb and Cu with increasing total metal concentrations, regardless of the molar concen- tration applied. As the applied concentrations increased, Pb and Cu adsorption increased, while Cd and Hg adsorption decreased. The adsorption sequence most found was Pb>Cu>Hg>Cd. The maximum adsorption capacity for the heavy metal cations was calculated, and affected markedly by soil properties. The results suggest that Hg and Cd have higher mobility associated to the lower adsorption and that Pb and Cu present the opposite behavior. Significant correlations were found between the maximum adsorption capacity of the metals and pH value and exchangeable acid, suggesting that soil pH and exchangeable acid were key factors controlling the solubility and mobility of the metals in the agricultural soils.

关键词： Competitive adsorption Adsorption sequence Heavy metals Agricultural soils

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Accurate and efficient exploit capture and classification

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第5期60卷 193-209页

作者： Yu DING Tao WEI Hui XUE Yulong zhang Chao zhang Xinhui HAN Institute of Computer Science and Technology Peking University Eletrical Engineering and Computer Sciences UC Berkeley

Software exploits, especially zero-day exploits, are major security threats. Every day, security experts discover and collect numerous exploits from honeypots, malware forensics, and underground ***, no easy methods exist to classify these exploits into meaningful categories and to accelerate diagnosis as well as detailed analysis. To address this need, we present Seismo Meter, which recognizes both control-flowhijacking, and data-only attacks by combining approximate control-flow integrity, fast dynamic taint analysis and API sandboxing schemes. Once it detects an exploit incident, Seismo Meter generates a succinct data representation, called an exploit skeleton, to characterize the captured exploit. Seismo Meter then classifies the captured exploits into different exploit families by performing distance computing on the extracted *** evaluate the efficiency of Seismo Meter, we conduct a field test using exploit samples from public exploit databases, such as Metasploit, as well as wild-captured exploits. Our experiments demonstrate that Seismo Meter is a practical system that successfully detects and correctly classifies all these exploit attacks.

关键词： software security exploit classification exploit attack capture control flow integrity JIT security

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Processing parameter optimization of fiber laser beam welding using an ensemble of metamodels and MOABC

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2022年第4期17卷 243-259页

作者： Jianzhao WU Chaoyong zhang Kunlei LIAN Jiahao SUN Shuaikun zhang State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore Walmart Global Technology Walmart Inc.BentonvilleAR 72712USA

In fiber laser beam welding(LBW),the selection of optimal processing parameters is challenging and plays a key role in improving the bead geometry and welding *** study proposes a multi-objective optimization framework by combining an ensemble of metamodels(EMs)with the multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm(MOABC)to identify the optimal welding *** inverse proportional weighting method that considers the leave-one-out prediction error is presented to construct EM,which incorporates the competitive strengths of three *** constructs the correlation between processing parameters(laser power,welding speed,and distance defocus)and bead geometries(bead width,depth of penetration,neck width,and neck depth)with average errors of 10.95%,7.04%,7.63%,and 8.62%,*** the basis of EM,MOABC is employed to approximate the Pareto front,and verification experiments show that the relative errors are less than 14.67%.Furthermore,the main effect and the interaction effect of processing parameters on bead geometries are *** demonstrate that the proposed EM-MOABC is effective in guiding actual fiber LBW applications.

关键词： laser beam welding parameter optimization metamodel multi-objective

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