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Males armed with big weapons win fights at limited cost in ant-mimickingj.mping spiders

Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 98-108页

作者： Guocheng Yu Boon Hui Wong Christina j.Painting Hongze Li Long Yu Zengtao zhang Shichang zhang Daiqin Li State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering and Centre for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan430062China Departmentof Biological Sciences National University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore 117543Singapore Te Aka Matuatua School of Science University of WaikatoPrivate Bag 3105Hamilton 3240New Zealand

A core assumption of sex.al selection theory is that sex.ally selected weapons,specialized morphological structures used directly in male con-tests,can improve an individual's reproductive success but only if the bearer can overcome associated costs,the negative effects on the bear-er's fitness ***,recent studies have shown that producing and wielding ex.ggerated weapons may not necessarily be ***,some traits can be selected for supporting,or compensating for,the ex.ense of producing and wielding such ex.ggerated weapons.n the ant-mimicking j.mping spider Myrmarachne gisti,ex.ggerated chelicerae are borne only by adult males and not females,showing sex.al dimorphism and steep positive allometry with body ***,we determine the potential benefits of bearing ex.ggerated chelicerae during male contests and ex.lore the potential for costs in terms of prey-capture efficiency and compensation between chelicera size and neighboring trait *** males with longer chelicerae won most of their male-male contests,we found no significant differences in prey-capture effi-ciency between males and females regardless of whether prey was winged or ***'elongated chelicerae thus do not impede their efficiency at capturing ***,we found that the sizes of all neighboring traits are positively correlated with chelicera size,suggesting that these traits may be under correlational *** together,our findings suggest that *** males armed with the ex.ggerated chelicerae that function as weapons win more fights at limited cost for performance in prey capture and compensate for neighboring structures.

关键词： allometry ant-mimic costs elongated chelicerae threat devices trait compensations

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Friction as energy dissipation process associated with superlubricity of solids

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Friction 2024年第9期12卷 2083-2088页

作者： Bo zhang Saga University Saga-shi 840-8502Japan

The paper shows that work in a quantum system is quantized with energy;the quantum work is equivalent to the highest eigenenergy(the Debye energy)of the system and the superlubricity of solids is derived from the quantum *** prerequisite for the superlubricity is that the lateral force at contact surfaces in sliding is less than the Debye force so that the phonon of the solids is not ex.ited.

关键词： superlubricity phonon friction Plank law Debye frequency

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Rational design of AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via double shelling scheme

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j.urnal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： H.x.Lu H.Liu Z.Z.Fu Y.Y.Chen H.Q.Dai Z.Hu W.L.zhang R.Q.Guo Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China Zhongshan-Fudan j.int Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthesize highly luminescent AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner ZnS shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer ZnS shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthesized AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS QDs showed an ex.ellent photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLQY reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in Zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between Zn cation diffusion and ZnS shelling ***,the ZnS shelling reaction was dominant when ZnCl_(2)was employed,while Zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the ZnS shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGaS Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface

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Error field penetration in j.TEx. tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j.TEx. team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An ex.ernally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex.non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly j.mps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

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Inter-well internal resonance analysis of rectangular asymmetric cross-ply bistable composite laminated cantilever shell under transverse foundation ex.itation

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第8期45卷 1353-1370页

作者： Lele REN Wei zhang Yufei zhang State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Mechanics Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Beij.ng Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Vibrations and Strength of Mechanical Structures College of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

The chaotic dynamic snap-through and complex.nonlinear vibrations are investigated in a rectangular asymmetric cross-ply bistable composite laminated cantilever shell,in cases of 1:2 inter-well internal resonance and primary *** transverse foundation ex.itation is applied to the fix.d end of the structure,and the other end is in a free *** first-order approx.mate multiple scales method is employed to perform the perturbation analysis on the dimensionless two-degree-of-freedom ordinary differential motion control *** four-dimensional averaged equations are derived in both polar and rectangular coordinate *** from the obtained frequency-amplitude and force-amplitude response curves,a detailed analysis is conducted to ex.mine the impacts of ex.itation amplitude,damping coefficient,and tuning parameter on the nonlinear internal resonance characteristics of the *** nonlinear softening characteristic is ex.ibited in the upper stable-state,while the lower stable-state demonstrates the softening and linearity *** simulation is carried out using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method,and a series of nonlinear response curves are *** the ex.itation amplitude further elucidates the global bifurcation and chaotic dynamic snap-through characteristics of the bistable cantilever shell.

关键词： bistable composite laminated cantilever shell inter-well internal resonance primary resonance chaotic dynamic snap-through complex.nonlinear vibration

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Deep Guided Attention Network for j.int Denoising and Demosaicing in Real Image

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Chinese j.urnal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 303-312页

作者： Tao zhang Ying FU j.n zhang School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Advanced Reasearch Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology

Denoising(DN) and demosaicing(DM) are the first crucial stages in the image signal processing pipeline. Recently, researches pay more attention to solve DN and DM in a j.int manner, which is an ex.remely undetermined inverse problem. Ex.sting deep learning methods learn the desired prior on synthetic dataset, which limits the generalization of learned network to the real world data. Moreover, ex.sting methods mainly focus on the raw data property of high green information sampling rate for DM, but occasionally ex.loit the high intensity and signalto-noise(SNR) of green channel. In this work, a deep guided attention network(DGAN) is presented for real image j.int DN and DM(j.D), which considers both high SNR and high sampling rate of green information for DN and DM, respectively. To ease the training and fully ex.loit the data property of green channel, we first train DN and DM sub-networks sequentially and then learn them j.intly, which can alleviate the error accumulation. Besides, in order to support the real image j.D, we collect paired raw clean RGB and noisy mosaic images to conduct a realistic dataset. The ex.erimental results on real j.D dataset show the presented approach performs better than the state-of-the-art methods, in terms of both quantitative metrics and qualitative visualization.

关键词： Training Visualization Inverse problems Green products Noise reduction Pipelines Signal processing

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Host plant traits play a crucial role in shaping the composition of epiphytic microbiota in the arid desert,Northwest China

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j.urnal of Arid Land 2024年第5期16卷 699-724页

作者： zhang j.n zhang Yuanming zhang Qi State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsXinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China x.nj.ang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China x.nj.ang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem Yili Botanical GardenXinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Life Sciences Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003China

Phyllosphere microorganisms are a crucial component of environmental microorganisms,highly influenced by host characteristics,and play a significant role in plant health and ***,the impact of host characteristics on shaping phyllosphere microbial communities of plants with different life forms remains *** high-throughput sequencing technology,this study analyzed the diversity and community composition of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms(e.g.,bacteria and fungi)of various plant life forms in the hinterland of the Gurbantunggut Desert,Northwest *** annotation of prokaryotic tax.(FAPROTAx.and fungi function guild(FUNGuild)were employed to assess the ecological functions of microorganisms and to investigate the role of stochastic and deterministic processes in shaping phyllosphere microbial *** showed a diverse array of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms in the desert plants,with Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Actinobacteriota dominating bacterial community,while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were prevalent in fungal *** across different plant life forms highlighted distinct microbial communities,indicating strong filtering effects by plant *** prediction identified intracellular parasites(accounting for 27.44%of bacterial community abundance),chemoheterotrophy(10.12%),and phototrophy(17.41%)as the main functions of epiphytic bacteria on leaves of different life form *** prediction indicated that phyllosphere epiphytic fungi primarily served as Saprotrophs(81.77%),Pathotrophs(17.41%),and Symbiotrophs(0.82%).Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated a predominance of positive correlations among different microbial ***-Crick dissimilarity index.analysis revealed that deterministic processes predominantly influenced phyllosphere bacterial and fungal community *** partitioning analysis and random forest modeling suggested that pla

关键词： phyllosphere epiphytic bacteria phyllosphere epiphytic fungi community structure community diversity functional diversity plant life form plant functional traits

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Ox.gen reduction electrocatalysis:From conventional to single-atomic platinum-based catalysts for proton ex.hange membrane fuel cells

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第2期18卷 206-222页

作者： Cheng YUAN Shiming zhang j.uj.n zhang Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Platinum(Pt)-based materials are still the most efficient and practical catalysts to drive the sluggish kinetics of cathodic ox.gen reduction reaction(ORR)in proton ex.hange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,their catalysis and stability performance still need to be further improved in terms of corrosion of both carbon support and Pt catalyst particles as well as Pt loading *** on the developed synthetic strategies of alloying/nanostructuring Pt particles and modifying/innovating supports in developing conventional Pt-based catalysts,Pt single-atom catalysts(Pt SACs)as the recently burgeoning hot materials with a potential to achieve the max.mum utilization of Pt are comprehensively reviewed in this *** design thoughts and synthesis of various isolated,alloyed,and nanoparticlecontained Pt SACs are *** single-atomic Pt coordinating with non-metals and alloying with metals as well as the metal-support interactions of Pt single-atoms with carbon/non-carbon supports are emphasized in terms of the ORR activity and stability of the *** advance further research and development of Pt SACs for viable implementation in PEMFCs,various technical challenges and several potential research directions are outlined.

关键词： ox.gen reduction electrocatalysis Pt singleatom catalysts conventional Pt-based catalysts design thoughts and synthesis metal-support interactions

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Prox.mal Femur Bionic Nail (PFBN): A Panacea for Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 152-158页

作者： Kaix.an zhang Wei Chen Yingze zhang School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Hebei Province The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051China Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang 050051China National Health Commission(NHC)Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopeadic Equipment The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051China Chinese Academy of Engineering Beijing 100088China

With the aging population,intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly has become one of the most serious public health issues and a hot topic of research in trauma *** to the limitations of internal fix.tion techniques and the insufficient mechanical design of nails,the occurrence of complications delays patient recovery after surgical *** of a prox.mal femur bionic nail(PFBN)based on zhang’s N triangle theory provides triangular supporting fix.tion,which dramatically decreases the occurrence of complications and has been widely used for clinical treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture *** this work,we developed an equivalent biomechanical model to analyze improvement in bone remodeling of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture through PFBN *** results show that compared with prox.mal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA)and InterTan,PFBN can dramatically decrease the max.mum strain in the prox.mal *** on Frost’s mechanostat theory,the local mechanical environment in the prox.mal femur can be regulated into the medium overload region by using a PFBN,which may render the prox.mal femur in a state of physiological overload,favoring post-operative recovery of intertrochanteric femur fracture in the *** work shows that PFBN may constitute a panacea for unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture and provides insights into improving methods of internal fix.tion.

关键词： Intertrochanteric femur fracture Internal fix.tion Prox.mal femur bionic nail(PFBN) Biomechanics Bone remodeling

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Value Iteration-Based Cooperative Adaptive Optimal Control for Multi-Player Differential Games With Incomplete Information

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IEEE/CAA j.urnal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第3期11卷 690-697页

作者： Yun zhang Lulu zhang Yunze Cai the Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240 the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of ChinaShanghai 200240China

This paper presents a novel cooperative value iteration(VI)-based adaptive dynamic programming method for multi-player differential game models with a convergence *** players are divided into two groups in the learning process and adapt their policies *** method removes the dependence of admissible initial policies,which is one of the main drawbacks of the PI-based ***,this algorithm enables the players to adapt their control policies without full knowledge of others’ system parameters or control *** efficacy of our method is illustrated by three ex.mples.

关键词： Adaptive dynamic programming incomplete information multi-player differential game value iteration

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