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Additional far-red light promotes adventitious rooting of double-root-cutting grafted watermelon seedlings

Horticultural Plant j.urnal 2024年第6期10卷 1424-1436页

作者： Wu x. zhang x. Wang Y. Wu C. Sun Y. zhang Y. j. Y. Bao E. x.a L. Bian Z. Cao K. The Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing 210014 China Institute of Industrial Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 China College of Horticulture Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi Taigu 030801 China Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science in x.huai District Jiangsu Huaian 223001 China Horticulture and Product Physiology Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University & Research Wageningen 6700AA Netherlands Institute of Urban Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sichuan Chengdu 610299 China

Root regeneration is an important factor influencing the healing rate of graft union and the survival of double-root-cutting grafting. To date, little information is available on how to enhance root regeneration of rootstock in grafted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings. In this study, the effects of different light treatments on root regeneration were determined. This revealed that addition of far-red light (Fr) could significantly ex.edite root formation in the rootstock. Moreover, the results of transcriptome analysis revealed that plant hormone pathway and aux.n-related genes were greatly induced by Fr, especially for aux.n-response proteins (including CmIAA11, CmIAA17, and CmAUx.8), Small aux.n-up RNA genes (including CmSAUR20 and CmSAUR50) and the aux.n efflux.transporter (CmPIN3). In addition, the ex.ression of Phytochrome Interacting Factor (PIFs), such as CmPIF1, CmPIF3 and CmPIF7, was remarkably increased by Fr. These genes may act together to activate aux.n-related pathways under Fr treatment. Based on the results of HPLC-MS/MS analysis, the concentrations of different aux.n-types in adventitious root were significantly influenced by Fr. Furthermore, the better growth of rootstock root displayed superior vasculature transport activity of the graft union with Fr treatment, which was determined by the acid magenta dyeing ex.eriment. Therefore, all the results suggested that Fr could induce AR formation in rootstocks, which may be associated with the aux.n accumulation by regulating the transcriptional level of aux.n-related and PIF genes. The findings of this study demonstrated a practicable way to shorten the healing period of graftings and improve the quality of grafted watermelon seedlings, which will provide a theoretical basis for the speeding development of industrialized seedlings production. © 2024 Chinese Society for Horticultural Science (CSHS) and Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS).

关键词： Adventitious root regeneration Aux.n Double-root-cutting grafting Rootstock Watermelon

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Systematic analysis and functional verification of citrus glutathione S-transferases reveals that CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 contribute negatively to citrus bacterial canker

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Horticultural Plant j.urnal 2024年第6期10卷 1309-1320页

作者： Fu j. Su L. Fan j. Yu Q. Huang x. zhang C. x.an B. Yang W. Wang S. Chen S. He Y. Li Q. Citrus Research Institute Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chongqing 400712 China School of Biological and Environmental Engineering Xi'an University Shaanxi Xi'an 710065 China National Citrus Engineering Research Center Chongqing 400712 China National Citrus Improvement Center Chongqing 400712 China

Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) is resulted from x.nthomonas citri subsp. citri (x.c) infection and poses a significant threat to citrus production. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are critical in maintaining redox.homeostasis in plants, especially in relation to abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, the function of GSTs in resisting CBC remains unclear. Here, citrus glutathione S-transferases were investigated applying a genome-wide approach. In total, 69 CsGSTs belonging to seven classes were identified, and the phylogeny, chromosomal distribution, gene structures and conserved motifs were analyzed. Several CsGSTs responded to x.c infection, as observed in the upregulation of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 in the CBC-sensitive ‘Wanj.ncheng’ variety but not in the resistant ‘Kumquat’ variety. CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 were localized at the cytoplasm. Transient overex.ression of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 mediated reactive ox.gen species (ROS) scavenging, whereas the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 caused strong CBC resistance and ROS burst. The present study investigated the characterization of citrus GST gene family, and discovered that CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 negatively contributed to CBC through modulating ROS homeostasis. These findings emphasize the significance of GSTs in infection resistance in plants. © 2023 Chinese Society for Horticultural Science (CSHS) and Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS).

关键词： Citrus Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) ROS homeostasis x.nthomonas citri subsp. citri (x.c)

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Genome-editing of a circadian clock gene TaPRR95 facilitates wheat peduncle growth and heading date

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j.urnal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第10期51卷 1101-1110页

作者： Fu M. Liu S. Che Y. Cui D. Deng Z. Li Y. Zou x. Kong x. Chen G. zhang M. Liu Y. Wang x. Liu W. Liu D. Geng S. Li A. Mao L. State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding and National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China College of Life Sciences Henan Normal University Henan Xinxiang 453007 China College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Sichuan Chengdu 610106 China College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University Henan Zhengzhou 450002 China School of Life Science Shanxi University Shanxi Taiyuan 030006 China

Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that affect final grain yield. In wheat, knowledge of pseudo-response regulator (PRR) genes on agronomic traits is limited. Here, we identify a wheat TaPRR95 gene by genome-wide association studies to be associated with plant height. Triple allele mutant plants produced by CRISPR/Cas9 show increased plant height, particularly the peduncle, with an earlier heading date. The longer peduncle is mainly caused by the increased cell elongation at its upper section, whilst the early heading date is accompanied by elevated ex.ression of flowering genes, such as TaFT and TaCO1. A peduncle-specific transcriptome analysis reveals up-regulated photosynthesis genes and down-regulated IAA/Aux.genes for aux.n signaling in prr95aabbdd plants that may act as a regulatory mechanism to promote robust plant growth. A haplotype analysis identifies a TaPRR95-B haplotype (Hap2) to be closely associated with reduced plant height and increased thousand-grain weight. Moreover, the Hap2 frequency is higher in cultivars than that in landraces, suggesting the artificial selection on the allele during wheat breeding. These findings suggest that TaPRR95 is a regulator for plant height and heading date, thereby providing an important target for wheat yield improvement. © 2024 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Genetics Society of China

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 Heading date Photosynthesis Phytohormone Plant height Pseudo-response regulator (PRR) TaPRR95 Wheat

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In situ digital testing method for quality assessment of soft soil improvement with polyurethane

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j.urnal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1732-1748页

作者： x.F.Wang C.j.Wang W.V.Yue Z.j.zhang Z.Q.Yue Department of Civil Engineering China University of Geosciences (Beijing)BeijingChina Department of Water Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong KongChina

This study purposes an in situ testing method on quality assessment of soil *** drilling data includes the spatial distribution and in situ strength of untreated and treated soil along three different drillholes measured by on-site drilling monitoring *** factual drilling data can characterize the degree of soil improvement by penetration inj.ction with permeable *** from on-site drilling monitoring shows that the linear zones represent constant drilling speeds shown in the plot of drill bit advancement *** drilling time,which indicates the spatial distributions of soil *** soil profile at the study site is composed of four layers,which includes fill,untreated silty clay,treated silty clay,and mucky *** results of soil profile are verified by the parallel site *** constant drilling speeds profile the coring-resistant strength of drilled *** comparing with the untreated silty clay,the constant drilling speeds of the treated silty clay have been decreased by 13.0-62.8%.Two drilling-speed-based indices of 61.2%and 65.6%are proposed to assess the decreased average drilling speed and the increased in situ strength of treated silty *** tests,*** compressive strength(UCS)test,have been performed with core sample to investigate and characterize in situ strength by comparing that with drilling *** show that the average predicted strengths of treated silty clay are 2.4-6.9 times higher than the average measured strength of untreated silty *** UCS-based indices of 374.5%and 344.2%verified the quality assessment(QA)results by this new in situ *** method provides a cost-effective tool for quality assessment of soil improvement by utilizing the digital drilling data.

关键词： Drilling process monitoring system Hydraulic rotary drilling process Constant drilling speed Soil improvement Quality assessment

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Distinct Electrical and Mechanical Responses of a Cu-10Fe Composite Prepared by Hot-Pressed Sintering and Post Treatment

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第2期37卷 255-265页

作者： x.Y.Yue S.Y.Peng x.zhang C.N.He Y.Z.Tian Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Tex.ure of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianj.n Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin UniversityTianjin300350China Research Centre for Metallic Wires Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

A Cu-10wt%Fe composite was prepared through hot-pressed sintering,and the material was subsequently solution *** hot-pressed sintered and solution treated materials were rolled and *** precipitation behavior and performance changes were systematically studied by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron *** contrast to the hot-pressed sintered specimen,the solution treatment significantly affects the thermal stability and properties of the Cu-10wt%Fe *** Cu-10wt%Fe composite was prepared after solid solution,cold rolling and aging at 773 K for 1 h,and it obtained ex.ellent tensile strength of 494 MPa,uniform elongation of 16.3%,electrical conductivity of 51.1%IACS and softening temperature of 838 *** for the distinct difference in thermal stability and properties between hot-pressed sintered and solution treated specimens were *** findings provide a theoretical basis for designing high-performance Cu-based in-situ composites by post treatment.

关键词： Cu-Fe composite Hot-pressed sintering Thermal stability Strength Electrical conductivity

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An adaptive machine learning-based optimization method in the aerodynamic analysis of a finite wing under various cruise conditions

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第1期14卷 27-34页

作者： Zilan zhang Yu Ao Shaofan Li Grace x.Gu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720USA Department of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720USA

Conventional wing aerodynamic optimization processes can be time-consuming and imprecise due to the complex.ty of versatile flight *** of ex.sting literature has considered two-dimensional infinite airfoil optimization,while three-dimensional finite wing optimizations are subj.ct to limited study because of high computational *** we create an adaptive optimization methodology built upon digitized wing shape deformation and deep learning algorithms,which enable the rapid formulation of finite wing designs for specific aerodynamic performance demands under different cruise *** methodology unfolds in three stages:radial basis function interpolated wing generation,collection of inputs from computational fluid dynamics simulations,and deep neural network that constructs the surrogate model for the optimal wing *** has been demonstrated that the proposed methodology can significantly reduce the computational cost of numerical *** also has the potential to optimize various aerial vehicles undergoing different mission environments,loading conditions,and safety requirements.

关键词： Aerodynamic optimization Computational fluid dynamics Radial basis function Finite wing Deep learning neural network

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The preface: Interplay of topological and magnetic orders in the Mn-Bi-Te family

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 6-7页

作者： Fu-Chun zhang Hai-Zhou Lu x.C.x.e Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University

The discovery and synthesis of MnBi2Te4in 2013 initially garnered little attention [1]. Yet, the revelation of its topological properties in 2019 [2–6] sparked a surge of research into the MnBiTe family. These ex.ensive studies are primarily driven by two obj.ctives:the realization of a high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect （QAHE） and the ex.loration of ex.tic phases born from the interplay of topological and magnetic orders,

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Discovery of new MAx.phase-like layered ternary carbide V_(8)P_(6)C:Crystal structure,thermal ex.ansion,and elastic properties

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j.urnal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第7期174卷 55-62页

作者： H.x.Chen L.Sheng Z.L.zhang x.C.Wen D.L.Yang x.Y.Ye P.Q.Dai School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China Beij.ng Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China Fuj.an Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application Fuzhou 350118China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China

Due to the laminated structure,MAx.phases and MAx.phase-like compounds possess outstanding dam-age tolerance capability with good thermal/electrical conductivity and other charming functional prop-erties,showing a bright future for structural-functional ***,a new MAx.phase-like ternary car-bide V_(8)P_(6)C with layered characteristics was *** to the alternate stacking of hex.gonal-arranged M/A/x.atom layers in MAx.phases,V_(8)P_(6)C has a layered structure formed by a repeated stacking of the slabs consisting of V_(6)C-octahedrons and VP 6-distorted-octahedrons in three-atomic layers *** thermal ex.ansion anisotropy was revealed,with the thermal ex.ansion coefficients(TECs)along a-ax.s,c-ax.s,and the average value,equal toα_(a)=8.55(5)μK^(−1),α_(c)=10.23(5)μK^(−1),andα_(L)=9.14(5)μK^(−1),*** dilation along the c-ax.s was mainly dominated by out-plane V-P bonds be-tween layered *** to the pressure-dependent lattice parameters,the polycrystalline bulk modulus(B_(0)=185(9)GPa)and high compressibility anisotropy factor(B_(a)/B_(c)=1.64)was ***-while,the second-order elastic constants were calculated,and the elastic moduli,E=303 GPa,B=198 GPa,G=122 GPa,andν=0.246,were *** the weak connection between layer slabs by out-plane V1-P bond was revealed by the bond stiffness model,with a bond stiffness close to the M-A bond in MAx.***,good damage tolerance capability was predicted according to Paugh’s ratio(G/B=0.616)and Cauchy pressure(P_(a)=0 GPa,P_(c)=-7.5 GPa),even better than those of typical MAx.*** discovery of V_(8)P_(6)C provides a new member of MAx.phase-like damage-tolerant ceramic with relatively low density,moderate thermal ex.ansion,and anisotropic compressibility,and the unique lay-ered structure is inspiring for ex.loring new layered ternary ceramics.

关键词： New ternary carbide MAx.phase Thermal ex.ansion Elastic constants Anisotropy

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Surface engineering with ionic polymers on membranes for boron removal

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 61-69页

作者： x.ting zhang Chenyi Fang j.Paul Chen Sui zhang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Removal of boric acid from seawater and wastewater using reverse osmosis membrane technologies is imperative and yet remains inadequately addressed by current commercial *** research efforts performed post-modification of reverse osmosis membranes to enhance boron rej.ction,which is usually accompanied by substantial sacrifice in water *** study delves into the surface engineering of low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes,aiming to elevate boron removal efficiency while maintaining optimal salt rej.ction and water *** were modified by the self-polymerization and co-deposition of dopamine and polystyrene sulfonate at varying ratios and *** surfaces became smoother and more hydrophilic after *** optimum membrane ex.ibited a water permeability of 9.2±0.1 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1),NaCl rej.ction of 95.8%±0.3%,and boron rej.ction of 49.7%±0.1% and 99.6%±0.3% at neutral and alkaline pH,*** water permeability is reduced by less than 15%,while the boron rej.ction is 3.7 times higher compared to the blank *** research provides a promising avenue for enhancing boron removal in reverse osmosis membranes and addressing water quality concerns in the desalination process.

关键词： membrane low-pressure reverse osmosis boron surface engineering

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Distributed field mapping for mobile sensor teams using a derivative‐free optimisation algorithm

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2024年第2期6卷 20-34页

作者： Tony x.Lin j.a Guo Said Al-Abri Fumin zhang Fumin zhang31School of Electrical&Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA College of Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman Department of Electronic&Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

The authors propose a distributed field mapping algorithm that drives a team of robots to ex.lore and learn an unknown scalar field using a Gaussian Process(GP).The authors’strategy arises by balancing ex.loration obj.ctives between areas of high error and high *** computing high error regions is impossible since the scalar field is unknown,a bio-inspired approach known as Speeding-Up and Slowing-Down is leveraged to track the gradient of the GP *** approach achieves global field-learning convergence and is shown to be resistant to poor hyperparameter tuning of the *** approach is validated in simulations and ex.eriments using 2D wheeled robots and 2D flying mini-ature autonomous blimps.

关键词： environment sensing multi-robot systems

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