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Accumulation and phytotoxicity of technical hexabromocyclododecane in maize

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 97-104页

作者： Tong Wu Honglin Huang shuzhen zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology

To investigate the accumulation and phytotoxicity of technical hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD）in maize,young seedlings were exposed to solutions of technical HBCD at different *** uptake kinetics showed that the HBCD concentration reached an apparent equilibrium within 96 hr,and the accumulation was much higher in roots than in *** accumulation in maize had a positive linear correlation with the exposure *** accumulation of different diastereoisomers followed the orderγ-HBCD〉β-HBCD〉α-*** with their proportions in the technical HBCD exposure solution,the diastereoisomer contribution increased forβ-HBCD and decreased forγ-HBCD in both maize roots and shoots with exposure time,whereas the contribution ofα-HBCD increased in roots and decreased in shoots throughout the experimental *** results suggest the diastereomer-specific accumulation and translocation of HBCD in *** effects of HBCD on the early development of maize followed the order of germination rate〉root biomass≥root elongation〉shoot biomass≥shoot *** radical（OH）and histone H2AX phosphorylation（γ-H2AX）were induced in maize by HBCD exposure,indicative of the generation of oxidative stress and DNA double-strand breaks in *** OH scavenger inhibited the expression ofγ-H2AX foci in both maize roots and shoots,which suggests the involvement of OH generation in the HBCD-induced DNA *** results of this study will offer useful information for a more comprehensive assessment of the environmental behavior and toxicity of technical HBCD.

关键词： Technical hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) Plant uptake Oxidative toxicity DNA damage

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Uptake, translocation, and debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maize

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 402-409页

作者： Moming Zhao shuzhen zhang Sen Wang Honglin Huang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China.

Uptake, translocation and debromination of three polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, BDE-28, -47 and -99, in maize were studied in a hydroponic experiment. Roots took up most of the PBDEs in the culture solutions and more highly brominated PBDEs had a stronger uptake capability. PBDEs were detected in the stems and leaves of maize after exposure but rarely detected in the blank control plants. Furthermore, PBDE concentrations decreased from roots to stems and then to leaves, and a very clear decreasing gradient was found in segments upwards along the stem. These altogether provide substantiating evidence for the acropetal translocation of PBDEs in maize. More highly brominated PBDEs were translocated with more difficulty. Radial translocation of PBDEs from nodes to sheath inside maize was also observed. Both acropetal and radial translocations were enhanced at higher transpiration rates, suggesting that PBDE transport was probably driven by the transpiration stream. Debromination of PBDEs occurred in all parts of the maize, and debromination patterns of different parent PBDEs and in different parts of a plant were similar but with some differences. This study for the first time provides direct evidence for the acropetal translocation of PBDEs within plants, elucidates the process of PBDE transport and clarifies the debromination products of PBDEs in maize.

关键词： polybrominated diphenyl ethers uptake translocation transport debromination maize

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Atrazine accumulation and toxic responses in maize Zea mays

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第2期24卷 203-208页

作者： Xiuying Li Tong Wu Honglin Huang shuzhen zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Sinochem Group Shenyang 100021 China

Atrazine accumulation,oxidative stress,and defense response in maize seedlings exposed to extraneous atrazine were *** of atrazine in maize increased with increasing exposure *** abscisic acid（ABA） content was positively correlated with the atrazine concentrations in maize roots and shoots（p 0.05）.Hydroxyl radical（.OH） in maize was determined in vivo with electron paramagnetic resonance *** intensity was positively correlated with atrazine concentration in roots and shoots（p 0.05）,and higher level *** generated in roots than in shoots corresponded to the major accumulation of atrazine in *** dismutase,peroxidase and catalase in roots were up-regulated by atrazine exposure at 1 mg/L compared to the control and malondialdehyde content in roots was enhanced when atrazine exposure concentration reached 10 mg/*** results suggested the exposure and accumulation of atrazine caused oxidative toxicity and antioxidant response in maize.

关键词： atrazine maize(Zea mays) reactive oxygen species antioxidant enzyme abscisic acid

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Molecular characterization of root exudates using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第12期32卷 22-30页

作者： Yuexia Miao Jitao Lv Honglin Huang Dong Cao shuzhen zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The release of root exudates(REs) provides an important source of soil organic carbon. This work revealed the molecular composition of REs of different plant species including alfalfa( Medicago sativa L.), bean( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), barley( Hordeum vulgare L.), maize( Zea mays), wheat( Triticum aestivum L.), ryegrass( Lolium perenne L.) and pumpkin( Cucurbita maxima) using electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(ESI FT-ICR MS). The combination of positive ion mode( + ESI) and negative ion mode(-ESI) increased the number of the molecules detected by ESI FT-ICR MS, and a total of 8758 molecules were identified across all the samples. In detail, lipids and proteins and unsaturated hydrocarbons were more easily detected in + ESI mode, while aromatic compounds with high O/C were readily ionized in-ESI mode, and only 38% of the total assigned formulas were shared by -ESI and + ESI modes. Multivariate statistical analysis of the formulas indicated that the close related plants species secreted REs with similar molecular components. Moreover, the unsaturation degree and nitrogen content were the two key parameters able to distinguish the similarities and differences of molecular components of REs between plant species. The results provided a feasible analysis method for characterization of the molecular components of REs and for the first time characterized the molecular components of REs of a variety of plant species using ESI FT-ICR MS.

关键词： Root exudates Molecular components ESI FT-ICRMS Positive ion mode Negative ion mode

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Simultaneous determination of brominated phenols in soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期25卷 2306-2312页

作者： Wei Han Sen Wang Honglin Huang Lei Luo shuzhen zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Brominated phenols （BPs）, a widely used group of emerging flame retardants, are important environmental contaminants and exhibit endocrine disrupting potential. Method for simultaneous determination of tetrabromobisphenol A （TBBPA）, tribromophenol （TBP）, dibromophenols （DBPs） and monobromophenols （MBPs） in soils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis （GC/MS） was successfully developed. Cleanup methods for soil extracts including several solid-phase extraction cartridges and different elution solvents were compared and optimized. Florisil cartridge with dichloromethane as the elution reagent was selected for sample cleanup owing to its high and reproducible recoveries of the target analytes in soils. Derivatization conditions were tested and the optimal conditions were obtained with 20 μL silylation reagent at room temperature. The chromatographic separation was optimized with different columns and DB-XLB column was selected for its excellent separation of the analytes. The limits of detection for the target compounds were from 0.04 to 0.19 ng/g. Mean recoveries of the compounds from spiked soils exceeded 84% with a good reproducibility, excepting that the recovery of 2-bromophenol was relatively poor （lower than 55%） due to its instability. The developed method was applied to the determination of the BPs in the soils collected from e-waste sites. The contents of BPs in the soils were at ng/g levels with TBBPA and TBP the most frequently detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the simultaneous determination of TBBPA, TBP, DBPs and MBPs in soils.

关键词： brominated phenols analysis soil derivatization GC/MS

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Aging effect on the mobility and bioavailability of copper in soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 173-178页

作者： LU Anxiang zhang shuzhen QIN Xiangyang WU Wenyong LIU Honglu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 2871 Beijing 100085 China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture P. O. Box 2449-26 Beijing 100097 China Beijing Hydraulic Research Institute Beijing 100044 China

Aging effect on the mobility and bioavallability of copper （Cu） was investigated using a spiked soil with different incubation periods from 3 to 56 d. Wheat was planted and earthworms were cultured separately in the incubated soils. The mobility of Cu in soil was evaluated by a chemical fractionation scheme and the toxicity and bioavailability were assessed by measuring the biomass and Cu concentration in tissues. Results showed that aging had a significant effect on Cu fraction distribution, of which Cu tended to incorporate from the exchangeable into more stable fractions such as the reducible and oxidisable fractions. However, aging had little effect on Cu bioavailability to wheat and earthworm. Comparing the soil being incubated for 3 d and 56 d, Cu concentration in wheat roots decreased from 14.5 to 12.8 mg/kg, and no significant changes in Cu concentration were observed in both wheat shoots and earthworms. The Cu concentration was around 2.0 and 50 mg/kg for wheat shoots and earthworms, respectively, irrespective of soil incubation time. The CaC12-extractable Cu had a linear relationship with Cu concentration in wheat roots （R2 = 0.65, P 〈 0.05）, but no linear relationship can be found for wheat shoots and earthworms. Biological control may be more crucial for Cu accumulation in organism than the changes in soil Cu fraction caused by aging.

关键词： aging effect copper mobility bioavailability

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Studies on Howard Goldblatt’s Translation Behavior-from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics

Studies on Howard Goldblatt’s Translation Behavior-from the...

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作者： zhang shuzhen 西安外国语大学

学位级别：硕士

翻译不仅涉及不同语言文字之间的转换，更涉及不同民族思想文化之间的交流。译者作为翻译活动的核心主体，从翻译动机的确立、翻译的文本选择、原文的理解与阐释、翻译策略的取舍及译文的传播与接受，其行为在整个过程中很大程度上对翻... 详细信息

翻译不仅涉及不同语言文字之间的转换，更涉及不同民族思想文化之间的交流。译者作为翻译活动的核心主体，从翻译动机的确立、翻译的文本选择、原文的理解与阐释、翻译策略的取舍及译文的传播与接受，其行为在整个过程中很大程度上对翻译各环节起着决定性作用，因而在翻译研究中，译者行为研究是一个难以避免而又十分重要的研究课题。接受美学理论认为文学翻译活动不应仅是原作者或原作的独白，而是译者带着“期待视野”在文本的“召唤结构”的作用下，与隐含的作者进行对话和交流后形成的“视域融合”，这一阐释角度为译者行为研究提供了新的研究视角。葛浩文作为当代中国文学翻译成就最大的翻译家，在近30多年的翻译生涯中，已翻译了约50多部中国当代小说，其译作《红高粱家族》更是首次为莫言获得了国际声誉。对于这样一位贡献卓越的翻译家，对其翻译行为的研究无疑会对中国文学作品的翻译及对外输出具有重要意义。本文拟采用实证研究方法，选取葛浩文为典型译者，对其译作《红高粱家族》中的翻译行为进行个案研究，从接受美学的角度探索其成功的原因。最后得出结论：葛浩文对读者接受效果的考虑贯穿于其翻译行为的始终。《红高粱家族》成功译介说明译文评价效果不仅只考虑源语文本，还应该强调文学接受之维，考虑译文读者的“期待视野”，关照译文读者审美接受特征、思维方式以及译文读者所处的时代和阅读需求，调整翻译的笔调和风格。但必须始终以源语文本为依据，在与文本的对话中进行再创造。

关键词：翻译行为接受美学读者的期待视野

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Analysis of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in plant samples using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第11期54卷 1782-1788页

作者： WANG Sen WU Tong HUANG HongLin PING Hua LU AnXiang zhang shuzhen State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Beijing Research Center for Agri-food Testing and Farmland Monitoring Beijing 100097 China

A method was developed for the analysis of hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in plant samples using an ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in negative mode. Plant samples were extracted and cleaned up through florisil column, resolved on a 100 mm C18 column with linear gradient elution and detected by mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method provided good recoveries rang- ing from 68.2% to 94.6%, relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 3.2% - 9.1%, and limits of quantification (LOQ) defined as the signal-to-noise ratio of 10 of 0.3-2.1 ng/g. It allowed a fast separation and sensitive quantification of the isomers and homologues of seven OH-PBDE congeners 2′-OH-BDE-3, 3′-OH-BDE-7, 4′-OH-BDE-17, 3′-OH-BDE-28, 3-OH-BDE-47, 5-OH-BDE-47 and 6-OH-BDE-47. The method was successfully applied to identify and quantify the formation of hydroxylat- ed metabolites in alfalfa exposed to BDE-209. Five OH-PBDEs were detected in plant tissues, and more congeners were found in roots than in shoots. To our knowledge, this work represents the first attempt to validate UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify OH-PBDEs in plant samples without derivatization.

关键词： OH-PBDE plant extraction ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

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Toxic effects of chlortetracycline on maize growth,reactive oxygen species generation and the antioxidant response

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第6期24卷 1099-1105页

作者： Bei Wen Yu Liu Peng Wang Tong WU shuzhen zhang Xiaoquan Shan Jingfen Lu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Health Science Center of Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China

The toxicity of chlortetracycline （CTC） on maize （Zea mays L.） growth and reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation was *** root and shoot lengths and fresh weights of maize seedlings were inhibited by CTC treatment （p 〈 0.05）.Root length was more sensitive than other parameters with the EC 10 value of 0.064 mg/*** spin trapping technique followed by electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） analysis was used to quantify the ROS *** ROS generated in maize roots after exposure to CTC was identified as hydroxyl radical （·OH）.The EPR signal intensity correlated positively with the logarithm of CTC concentrations exposed （p 〈 0.05）.The dynamic changes of malondialdehyde （MDA） contents and the antioxidative enzyme activities in maize roots were also *** compared to the control group,CTC was found to significantly increase MDA *** of maize roots with the ·OH scavenger sodium benzoate （SB） reduced the MDA content and enhanced the antioxidative enzyme *** results demonstrated the harmfulness of CTC at high dose to maize in the early developmental stage,and clarified that the inducement of ·OH is one of the mechanisms of CTC toxicity.

关键词： maize (Zea mays L.) chlortetracycline electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping hydroxyl radical (-OH) antioxidant enzyme

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Selected dark sides of biomass-derived biochars as environmental amendments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 13-20页

作者： Zien Chen Lei Luo Diyi Xiao Jitao Lv Bei Wen Yibing Ma shuzhen zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

With the rapid increase in the application of biochars as amendments, studies are needed to clarify the possible environmental risks derived from biochars to use safely the biomass resources. This work reported selected dark sides of maize straw-and swine manurederived biochars pyrolyzed at 300 and 500°C. During the pyrolysis processes, total heavy metals in the biochars were enriched greatly accompanying with considerable emission of the heavy metals into atmosphere and the trends became increasingly obvious with pyrolysis temperature. Meanwhile, the biochars showed distinctly decreased available heavy metals compared with raw feedstocks, which could be mainly attributed to the sorption by the inorganics in the biochars. The water-and acid-washing treatments significantly increased the releasing risks of heavy metals from biochars into the environments. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis indicated that persistent free radicals, emerged strongly in the biochars as a function of the aromatization of biomass feedstocks, were free from the influence of water-, acid-, or organic-washing of the biochars and could remain stable even after aged in soils for 30 days. Dissolved biochars, highly produced during pyrolysis processes, showed distinct properties including lower molecular weight distribution while higher aromaticity compared with soil dissolved organic *** results of this study provide important perspectives on the safe usage of biochars as agricultural/environmental amendments.

关键词： Biochar Swine manure Heavy metal Free radical Dissolved biochar

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