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CCS Chemistry 2024年第5期6卷 1324-1337页

作者： Ziqi zhang Zhe zhang Xiaobo Chen Hanbo Wang Haiyan Lu zhan Shi Shouhua Feng State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012 School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3000

Alkaline water electrolysis is an environmentally friendly and promising approach to produce ***,high cost,low efficiency,and poor stability are roadblocks to commercialization of *** work aims to design and develop a highly efficient,durable,and cost-effective electrocatalyst toward water splitting through modifying metal–organic *** electrocatalytic performance and stability surpass those of noble metal benchmarks at high current density(1–10 A·cm^(−2)).Theoretical calculations and in situ Raman spectra reveal the electronic structure of the synthesized catalyst and the mechanism of the catalytic reaction process,which rationalizes that the high catalytic activity and stability at high current are attributed to the unique electronic structure of cobalt regulated by copper and the protection provided by carbon nanotubes formed in situ,*** addition,this paper proposes that the desorption ability of the catalyst toward the products(H_(2)and O_(2)),rather than the adsorption ability toward the reactants(H^(+)or OH^(−)),is more important to the sustainable and stable electrochemical water splitting progress at high current density,which is a kinetic rather than thermodynamic dominating *** findings provide alternative insights to design and employ high performance catalysts to fuel hydrogen production as a clean energy source to tackle the global energy crisis.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks non-noble metal catalyst hydrogen evolution reaction oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic water splitting

CFD Investigation of Diffusion Law and Harmful Boundary of Buried Natural Gas Pipeline in the Mountainous Environment

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Energy Engineering 2024年第8期121卷 2143-2165页

作者： Liqiong Chen Kui Zhao Kai zhang Duo Xv Hongxvan Hu Guoguang Ma Wenwen zhan School of Petroleum Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610000China National Pipe Network Group Southwest Pipeline Co. Ltd.Chengdu610000China National Pipeline Research Center Conveyance Pipe Institute Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Co.Ltd.Baoji721000China

The leakage gas from a buried natural gas pipelines has the great potential to cause economic losses and environmental pollution owing to the complexity of the mountainous *** this study,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method was applied to investigate the diffusion law and hazard range of buried natural gas pipeline leakage in mountainous *** on cloud chart,concentration at the monitoring site and hazard range of lower explosion limit(LEL)and upper explosion limit(UEL),the influences of leakage hole direction and shape,soil property,burial depth,obstacle type on the diffusion law and hazard range are *** show that the leakage gas is not radially diffused until it reaches the ground,and the velocity of gas diffusion to the ground and the hazard range decrease as the angle between the leaking direction and the buoyancy direction *** and square leak holes have a faster diffusion rate and a wider hazard range than *** diffusion rate of leakage gas in soil rises as soil granularity and porosity *** time of leakage gas diffusion to the ground increases significantly with the increase of burial depth,and the hazard range reduces as burial depth ***-type obstacles will alter the diffusion path of the leakage gas and accelerate the expansion of the hazard distance,while trench-type obstacles will cause the natural gas to accumulate in the trench and form a high concentration region slowing the expansion of the surface gas concentration.

关键词： Mountainous environment buried pipeline leakage and diffusion hazard range numerical simulation

Current collapse suppressed GaN diodes with 38 Watts high RF power rectifier capability

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 335-336页

作者： Kui DANG Zhilin QIU Shudong HUO Peng zhan Huining LIU Yachao zhanG Jing NING Hong ZHOU Jincheng zhanG Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices School of MicroelectronicsXidian University Guangzhou Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Innovation Center Guangzhou Institute of TechnologyXidian University

Microwave power transmission(MPT) could realize the point-to-point long-distance transfer of energy without any wires, which makes it attractive for solar-powered satellites,drones, and implantable medical devices, and has aroused enormous attention [1]. Microwave rectifiers could convert RF(radio frequency) energy into DC(direct current) power,

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Evaluation of the energy budget of thermokarst lake in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 636-646页

作者： Ze-Yong GAO Fu-Jun NIU Yi-Bo WANG Jing LUO Guo-An YIN Yun-Hu SHANG zhan-Ju LIN Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China College of Earth and Environment Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 73000China

Thermokarst lake formation accelerates permafrost degradation due to climate warming,thereby releasing significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere,complicating hydrological cycles,and causing environmental ***,the energy transfer mechanism from the surface to the sediment of thermokarst lakes remains largely unexplored,thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude and duration of biogeochemical processes and hydrological ***,herein,a typical thermokarst lake situated in the center of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)was selected for observation and energy budget *** results showed that the net radiation of the thermokarst lake surface was 95.1,156.9,and 32.3 W m^(-2) for the annual,ice-free,and ice-covered periods,respectively,and was approximately 76%of the net radiation consumed by latent heat *** in heat storage in the thermokarst lake initially increased from January to April,then decreased from April to December,with a maximum change of 48.1 W m^(-2) in *** annual average heat fuxes from lake water to sediments were 1.4 W m^(-2);higher heat fluxes occurred during the ice-free season at a range of 4.9-12.0 W m^(-2).The imbalance between heat absorption and release in the millennium scale caused the underlying permafrost of the thermokarst lake to completely *** present,the ground temperature beneath the lake bottom at a depth of 15 m has reached 2.0℃.The temperatures and vapor-pressure conditions of air and lake surfaces control the energy budget of the thermokarst *** findings indicate that changes in the hydrologic regime shifts and biogeochemical processes are more frequent under climate warming and permafrost degradation.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Thermokarst lake Energy budget Permafrost degradation Hydrological cycle

Nano-engineered catalysts for high-performance oxygen reduction reaction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 510-516页

作者： Kunsong Hu Yulong zhang Jiayi Zhu Jinhua Mai Gang Liu Manoj Krishna Sugumar Xinhua Liu Feng zhan Rui Tan School of Resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Energy Innovation Centre Warwick Manufacture GroupUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUnited Kingdom School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China IDTECH(Suzhou)Co. Ltd.Suzhou 215217China College of Mechatronical and Electrical Engineering Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China

The efficient energy conversion of fuel cells is greatly constrained by the slow oxygen reduction reac tion(ORR)kinetics,which necessitates the use of highly active metal catalysts such as platinum(Pt).The critical challenge limiting large-scale usage of Pt is the capital cost that can be addressed through a pro totypical approach by embedding metal nanoparticles(NPs),e.g.,Pt NPs,in the conductive framework However,previously reported embedding approaches are sophisticated and suffer from limited yields leading to higher chemical process costs and remaining distant from commercial ***,we re port a facile,cost-effective and time-efficient structural tuning approach to synthesizing ultrafine Pt NP impregnated within a conductive and highly porous carbon framework via a microwave-assisted polyo reduction *** NPs with a uniform size of~2.27 nm can be successfully integrated within the pore of the carbon framework,enabling homogeneous *** from these highly dispersed and ultrafine Pt NPs,the electrochemical surface area(ECSA)is improved to 142.98 m^(2)/gPt,2.25 times highe than that of the commercial counterpart(63.52 m^(2)/gPt).Furthermore,our structurally optimized catalys composite features a remarkably catalytic activity with a high half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.895 V and an improved mass activity(MA)of 0.2289 A/mgPt,2.39-fold improvement compared to the commercia *** addition,orthogonal experiments were designed to identify the key process parameter for fabricating Pt/C catalysts,offering insights for scaled-up and industrial production.

关键词： Fuel cells Oxygenreductionreaction Structural engineering Microwave method Ultrafine nanoparticles

Exploring the role of interleukin-6 receptor blockade in epilepsy and associated neuropsychiatric conditions through a mendelian randomization study

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第8期14卷 1244-1253页

作者： Yan-Mei Yu Gui-Hong Jin Chong Zhong Hao Qian Lei Wang Feng zhan Department of Pediatrics The First People's Hospital of ChuzhouChuzhou 239001Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The interplay between inflammation,immune dysregulation,and the onset of neurological disorders,including epilepsy,has become increasingly ***(IL)-6,a pro-inflammatory cytokine,is suspected to not only mediate traditional inflammatory pathways but also contribute to neuroinflammatory responses that could underpin neuropsychiatric symptoms and broader psychiatric disorders in epilepsy *** role of IL-6 receptor(IL6R)blockade presents an intriguing target for therapeutic intervention due to its potential to attenuate these *** conditions due to *** Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis employing single nucleotide poly-morphisms(SNPs)in the vicinity of the IL6R gene(total individuals=408225)was used to evaluate the putative causal relationship between IL6R blockade and epilepsy(total cases/controls=12891/312803),focal epilepsy(cases/controls=7526/399290),and generalized epilepsy(cases/controls=1413/399287).SNP weights were determined by their effect on C-reactive protein(CRP)levels and integrated using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis as surrogates for IL6R *** address potential outlier and pleiotropic influences,sensitivity analyses were conducted employing a variety of MR methods under different modeling *** The genetic simulation targeting IL6R blockade revealed a modest but significant reduction in overall epilepsy risk[inverse variance weighting:Odds ratio(OR):0.827;95%confidence interval(CI):0.685-1.000;P=0.05].Subtype analysis showed variability,with no significant effect observed in generalized,focal,or specific childhood and juvenile epilepsy *** the primary inflammatory marker CRP,the findings also suggested potential non-inflammatory pathways mediated by IL-6 signaling contributing to the neurobiological landscape of epilepsy,hinting at possible links to neuroinflammation,psychiatric symptoms,and associated mental *** The i

关键词： Epilepsy Interleukin-6 receptor blockade Mendelian randomization Neuroinflammation Psychiatric disorders

Late Cenozoic uplift of the Liupan Mountains:Evidence from the Neogene loess deposits

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1480-1488页

作者： Zhilin HE Yansong QIAO Zhengtang GUO Chaoqin CHEN Long CHEN Yang FU Ye YANG Yanxia LIANG Xinru LIN Guoqiao XIAO Tao zhan Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Ecological Geology Survey and Research of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150030China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Natural Resources Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150036China

The Liupan Mountains,one of the important mountain ranges in western China,are located on the boundary between the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos *** uplift history of the Liupan Mountains remains *** deposits are good tracers of regional tectonic and geomorphic changes,because loess is sensitive to erosion and the formation and preservation of loess requires relatively flat highlands and relatively stable tectonic *** investigated the distribution of Neogene loess deposits on the western piedmont of the Liupan Mountains and examined a near-continuous loess section(Nanping section)on the piedmont alluvial *** of magnetic susceptibility stratigraphy with the QA-ⅠMiocene loess sequence dates this 56-m section covering the interval from~8.1 to 6.2 *** lower boundary age of this section,together with previously reported Zhuanglang red clay(sand-gravel layers with intercalated loess during~9–8 Ma and near-continuous loess during~8–4.8 Ma)and Chaona red clay(~8.1–2.58 Ma),indicates that the Liupan Mountains were uplifted in the late Miocene(~9–8 Ma)and basically formed by~8 Ma,attesting to no intense mountain building since that *** addition,based on the information from the Zhuanglang core and the QA-Ⅰsection,we infer that sizable parts of the Liupan Mountains were uplifted during the late Oligocene–early Miocene and did not experience intense uplift during~22–9 Ma.

关键词： Liupan Mountains Mountain building Neogene Loess Chinese Loess Plateau Late Miocene Late Oligocene–early Miocene

Bessel-beam-based side-view measurement of seven-core fibre internal core distribution

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第1期5卷 19-25页

作者： Liuwei zhan Runze Zhu Hongwei Tong Haogong Feng Kanghu Zhou Fei Xu College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Accurate knowledge of the internal core distribution of multicore fibres(MCFs)is essential,given their widespread application,including in fibre splicing,bundle fan-in/fan-out,mode coupling,writing gratings,and fibre ***,the extensive use of MCFs is restricted by the limited methods available to precisely measure the fibre core distribution,as the measurement accuracy determines the performance of the *** this study,a side-view and nondestructive scheme based on Bessel beam illumination was proposed for measuring the internal core distribution of a seven-core *** beams offer a large focal length in a scattering medium,and exhibit a unique pattern when propagating in an off-axis medium with a spatially varying refractive *** results revealed that a long focal length and unique pattern influence the image contrast in the case of Bessel beams,which differs from a typical Gaussian ***,high-precision measurement of a seven-core fibre core distribution based on a Bessel beam was demonstrated using a digital correlation method.A deep learning approach was used to improve the measurement precision to 0.2°with an accuracy of 96.8%.The proposed side-view Bessel-beam-based method has the potential to handle more complex MCFs and photonic crystal fibres.

关键词： Structured light Bessel beam illumination Internal measurement Nondestructive measurement

Symmetry dependent activation and reactivity of peroxysulfates on FeS_(2)(001)surface

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 154-158页

作者： Cancan Ling Meiqi Li Hao Li Xiufan Liu Guangming zhan Hongwei Sun Chuan Liang Yaling Li Bing Zhou Jincai Zhao Lizhi zhang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory of Pesticide&Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental&Applied ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China

Heterogeneous peroxysulfates-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)have garnered significant attention for purifying organic wastewater since they offer many advantages like low cost,safe storage,facile activation and reactive species participation[1].Nonradical and radical pathways have been proposed to be involved in peroxysulfates activation.

关键词： activation radical reactivity

Postmastectomy radiotherapy in breast reconstruction:Current controversies and trends

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第1期3卷 113-123页

作者： Honghong zhang Dandan Song Liangxi Xie Ning zhan Wenjia Xie Jianming zhang Department of Radiation Oncology Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityCancer Research CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiang'anXiamenFujianChina Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Identification and Control of Complex Dynamic System Quanzhou Institute of Equipment ManufacturingHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesQuanzhouFujianChina

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women *** radiotherapy(PMRT)is an essential component of combined therapy for early-stage,high-risk breast *** reconstruction(BR)is often considered for patients with breast cancer who have undergone *** has been a considerable amount of discussion about the optimal approach to combining PMRT with BR in the treatment of breast *** may increase the risk of complications and prevent good aesthetic results after BR,while BR may increase the complexity of PMRT and the radiation dose to surrounding normal *** purpose of this review is to give a broad overview and summary of the current controversies and trends in PMRT and BR in the context of the most recent literature available.

关键词： breast reconstruction postmastectomy radiotherapy radiotherapy techniques