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添加复合乳酸菌和糖蜜对不同水分含量苜蓿青贮品质的影响

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草地学报 2024年第5期32卷 1601-1609页

作者：黑梦琴曹正宇王志远代春辉陈程张文举石河子大学动物科技学院新疆石河子832003 胡杨河市河柒农业科技有限公司新疆胡杨河834034

本文旨在研究水分含量(67.69%,59.43%,47.26%和38.07%)对添加复合乳酸菌和2%糖蜜青贮后紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)青贮品质的影响。复合乳酸菌由植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌组成,等比添加1×10^(7) cfu·g^(-1) FW。室温厌氧发酵后开袋... 详细信息

本文旨在研究水分含量(67.69%,59.43%,47.26%和38.07%)对添加复合乳酸菌和2%糖蜜青贮后紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)青贮品质的影响。复合乳酸菌由植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌组成,等比添加1×10^(7) cfu·g^(-1) FW。室温厌氧发酵后开袋对青贮苜蓿营养品质、发酵品质和微生物数量进行测定。结果表明,萎蔫对添加复合乳酸菌和糖蜜的苜蓿青贮后的粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber,ADF)、氨态氮和有机酸含量均有显著影响(P<0.05);在不同水分条件下使用复合乳酸菌均能显著提高青贮后的乳酸含量(P<0.05),降低酸性洗涤纤维含量、pH值和氨态氮含量(P<0.05);添加复合乳酸菌在一定程度上能改善苜蓿青贮的细菌群落结构。根据主成分分析得出,苜蓿在含水量为59.43%条件下,添加复合乳酸菌青贮效果最佳,可有效提高青贮苜蓿品质。原料含水量为47.26%时添加糖蜜效果最佳。

关键词：紫花苜蓿发酵品质水分复合乳酸菌糖蜜

Distributed dynamic task allocation for unmanned aerial vehicle swarm systems:A networked evolutionary game-theoretic approach

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 182-204页

作者： Zhe zhang ju JIANG Haiyan XU wen-An zhang College of Automation Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China College of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China

Task allocation is a key aspect of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)swarm collaborative *** an continuous increase of UAVs’scale and the complexity and uncertainty of tasks,existing methods have poor performance in computing efficiency,robustness,and realtime allocation,and there is a lack of theoretical analysis on the convergence and optimality of the *** paper presents a novel intelligent framework for distributed decision-making based on the evolutionary game theory to address task allocation for a UAV swarm system in uncertain scenarios.A task allocation model is designed with the local utility of an individual and the global utility of the ***,the paper analytically derives a potential function in the networked evolutionary potential game and proves that the optimal solution of the task allocation problem is a pure strategy Nash equilibrium of a finite strategy ***,a PayOff-based Time-Variant Log-linear Learning Algorithm(POTVLLA)is proposed,which includes a novel learning strategy based on payoffs for an individual and a time-dependent Boltzmann *** former aims to reduce the system’s computational burden and enhance the individual’s effectiveness,while the latter can ensure that the POTVLLA converges to the optimal Nash equilibrium with a probability of *** simulation results show that the approach is optimal,robust,scalable,and fast adaptable to environmental changes,even in some realistic situations where some UAVs or tasks are likely to be lost and increased,further validating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed framework and algorithm.

关键词： Task allocation Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV) Game theory Log-linear learning Distributed optimization algorithm

我国主要粮食产区土壤有效态钙镁硫的变化特征及其对作物产量的影响

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中国土壤与肥料 2024年第3期 209-217页

作者：王妍邬磊李建兵王军曲潇琳崔萌郭玉明张文菊中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部耕地质量监测评价重点实验室北京100081 农业农村部耕地质量监测保护中心北京100125

中量元素钙、镁、硫对农业生产的作用日益突出,研究土壤有效态钙镁硫的变化特征及其对作物产量的影响,可为全国和区域尺度耕地土壤中量元素管理和合理施肥提供理论依据。基于覆盖全国697个耕地质量监测点的监测数据,对比分析2016和2021... 详细信息

中量元素钙、镁、硫对农业生产的作用日益突出,研究土壤有效态钙镁硫的变化特征及其对作物产量的影响,可为全国和区域尺度耕地土壤中量元素管理和合理施肥提供理论依据。基于覆盖全国697个耕地质量监测点的监测数据,对比分析2016和2021年全国及六大粮食产区(东北区、华北区、西北区、西南区、长江流域和华南区)的土壤有效态钙镁硫含量的变化特征及其对主要粮食作物产量的影响。与2016年相比,2021年697个监测点的土壤交换性钙和交换性镁平均含量变化不显著,有效硫平均含量显著下降了27.3%,全国交换性钙、交换性镁和有效硫主要与土壤pH和有机质(OM)相关。六大粮食产区土壤有效态钙镁硫含量的年际变化特征有所不同。与2016年相比,2021年东北区交换性钙和镁含量分别显著增加了25.5%和52.4%,主要与pH相关;有效硫含量显著下降了47.8%,主要与速效钾相关。华北区交换性钙含量显著下降了11.8%,主要与pH相关。西北区交换性钙、镁和有效硫含量分别显著下降了64.0%、54.0%和30.4%,钙主要与总钾相关,镁主要与全磷相关,硫与土壤其他理化性质不存在显著相关。西南区有效硫含量显著下降了30.0%,主要与pH和OM相关。长江流域交换性镁和有效硫含量分别显著下降了52.0%和15.7%,主要与pH和OM相关。华南区3种有效态中量元素含量变化不显著,三者主要与pH和OM相关。在全国尺度下,水稻产量与土壤交换性钙和镁含量呈显著正相关,玉米产量与交换性镁和有效硫含量呈显著正相关,小麦产量则与3种中量元素不存在显著相关性;当pH≤7.0时,小麦产量与交换性钙和镁含量呈显著正相关,当pH>7.0时则不存在显著相关性;无论土壤呈酸性还是碱性,小麦产量均与有效硫含量不存在显著相关性。综上,2016—2021年的5年间,我国耕地土壤交换性钙、镁含量变化不显著,有效硫含量显著降低,这些中量元素主要与土壤pH和OM相关。六大粮食产区中量元素含量变化特征和影响因素及其对主要粮食作物产量的影响存在较大差异,针对性施用中量元素肥料有助于提升区域粮食产量。

关键词：耕地土壤中量元素土壤pH 水稻玉米小麦

Carbon Sequestration in Soil Humic Substances Under Long-Term Fertilization in a Wheat-Maize System from North China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 562-569页

作者： SONG Xiang-yun LIU Shu-tang LIU Qing-hua zhang wen-ju HU Chun-guang College of Resources and Environment Qingdao Agricultural University Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The changes in humic substances （HS） is fundamental in detecting soil carbon sequestration mechanisms in natural and cultivated environments. Based on a long-term trial, the amounts of water dissolved substances （WSS）, humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA） and humin （HU） were determined to explore the impact of long-term fertilization on HS. Increases in the amounts of WSS, HA, FA and HU were significant different among the treatments with manure. A significant correlation was found between the increased soil organic carbon （SOC） and HS （R^2=0.98, P〈0.01）. The change in the E4/E6 ratio was significantly correlated with the increased SOC （R2=0.88, P〈0.01）, HA （R^2=0.91, P〈0.01）, FA （R^2=0.91, P〈0.01） and HU （R^2=0.88, P〈0.01）. The cluster was mainly divided into two parts as manure fertilization and inorganic fertilization, based on the increases in HA, FA and HU. These results suggest that long term fertilization with manure favours carbon sequestration in HS and is mainly stabilized as HU, while the HA becomes more aliphatic. We conclude that increases in SOC can be linked to changes in the molecular characteristics of HS fractions under long term fertilization.

关键词： carbon sequestration humic acid humin long term fertilization E4/E6 ratio

Effect of selected fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fermentation of cottonseed meal

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第9期7卷 690-695页

作者： zhang wen-ju XU Zi-rong SUN Jian-yi YANG Xia Key Laboratory of Molecular Ammal Nutrition of Ministry of Education. College of Animal Science Zhejiang university Hangzhou 310029 China College of Animal Science and Technology Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of six individual strains of fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fen＇aentation of cottonseed meal （CSM）. Six groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. capsuligena ZD- 1, C. tropicalis ZD-3, S. cerevisae ZD-5, A. terricola ZD-6, A. oryzae ZD-7, or A. niger ZD-8. One not inoculated group （substrate） was used as a control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol （FG）, crude protein （CP）, amino acids （AA） and in vitro digestibility were assayed. The experiment was done in triplicate. The experimental results indicated that microbial fermentation could greatly decrease （P〈0.05） FG levels in CSM. The detoxification efficiency differed between the species of microorganisms applied. From the perspective of reducing CSM potential toxicity, C. tropicalis ZD-3 was most successful followed by S. cerevisae ZD-5 and A. niger ZD-8. They could reduce FG levels of CSM to 29.8, 63.07 and 81.50 mg/kg based on DM （dry matter）, respectively, and their detoxification rates were 94.57%, 88.51% and 85.16%, respectively. If crude protein, amino acids content and their in vitro digestibility were also taken into account, Aniger ZD-8 may be the best choice. The CP content of CSM substrate fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 were improved by 10.76% and 22.24%; the TAA （total amino acids） contents were increased by 7.06% and 11.46%, and the EAA （essential amino acids） were raised by 7.77% and 12.64%, respectively. Especially, the levels of methionine, lysine and threonine were improved greatly （P〈0.05）. The in vitro CP digestibility of CSM fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 was improved by 13.42% and 18.22%, the TAA were increased by 17.75% and 22.88%, and the EAA by 16.61% and 21.01%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro digestibility of methionine, lysine and threonine was also improved

关键词： Fungi Free gossypol Solid substrate fermentation Cottonseed meal Detoxification Nutritional value

Spatio-temporal variations in organic carbon density and carbon sequestration potential in the topsoil of Hebei Province, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2627-2638页

作者： CAO Xiang-hui LONG Huai-yu LEI Qiu-liang LIU Jian zhang Ji-zong zhang wen-ju WU Shu-xia Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceUniversity Park

Reliable prediction of soil organic carbon（SOC） density and carbon sequestration potential（CSP） plays an important role in the atmospheric carbon dioxide budget. This study evaluated temporal and spatial variation of topsoil SOC density and CSP of 21 soil groups across Hebei Province, China, using data collected during the second national soil survey in the 1980 s and during the recent soil inventory in 2010. The CSP can be estimated by the method that the saturated SOC content subtracts the actual SOC associated with clay and silt. Overall, the SOC density and CSP of most soil groups increased from the 1980 s to 2010 and varied between different soil groups. Among all soil groups, Haplic phaeozems had the highest SOC density and Endogleyic solonchaks had the largest CSP. Areas of soil groups with the highest SOC density（90 to 120 t C ha^（–1）） and carbon sequestration（120 to 160 t C ha^（–1）） also increased over time. With regard to spatial distribution, the north of the province had higher SOC density but lower CSP than the south. With respect to land-use type, cultivated soils had lower SOC density but higher CSP than uncultivated soils. In addition, SOC density and CSP were influenced by soil physicochemical properties, climate and terrain and were most strongly correlated with soil humic acid concentration. The results suggest that soil groups（uncultivated soils） of higher SOC density have greater risk of carbon dioxide emission and that management should be aimed at maximizing carbon sequestration in soil groups（cultivated soils） with greater CSP. Furthermore, soils should be managed according to their spatial distributions of SOC density and carbon sequestration potential under different soil groups.

关键词： carbon sequestration SOC density spatial variation topsoil

Changes in Organic Carbon Index of Grey Desert Soil in Northwest China After Long-Term Fertilization

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 554-561页

作者： XU Yong-mei LIU Hua WANG Xi-he XU Ming-gang zhang wen-ju JIANG Gui-ying Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Oasis Nutrients and Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources Research Institute of Soil & Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Soil organic carbon （SOC）, soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC） and SMBC quotient （SMBC/SOC, qSMBC） are key indexes of soil biological fertility because of the relationship to soil nutrition supply capacity. Yet it remains unknown how these three indexes change, which limits our understanding about how soil respond to different fertilization practices. Based on a 22-yr （1990-2011） long-term fertilization experiment in northwest China, we investigated the dynamics of SMBC and qSMBC during the growing period of winter wheat, the relationships between the SMBC, qSMBC, soil organic carbon （SOC） concentrations, the carbon input and grain yield of wheat as well. Fertilization treatments were 1） nonfertilization （control）; 2） chemical nitrogen plus phosphate plus potassium （NPK）; 3） NPK plus animal manure （NPKM）; 4） double NPKM （hNPKM） and 5） NPK plus straw （NPKS）. Results showed that the SMBC and qSMBC were significantly different among returning, jointing, flowering and harvest stages of wheat under long-term fertilization. And the largest values were observed in the flowering stage. Values for SMBC and qSMBC ranged from 37.5 to 106.0 mg kg1 and 0.41 to 0.61%, respectively. The mean value rank of SMBC during the whole growing period of wheat was hNPKM〉NPK_M〉NPKS〉CK〉NPK. But there were no statistically significant differences between hNPKM and NPKM, or between CK and NPK. The order for qSMBC was NPKS〉NPKM〉CK〉hNPKM〉NPK. These results indicated that NPKS significantly increased the ratio of SMBC to SOC, i.e., qSMBC, compared with NPK fertilizer or other two NPKM fertilizations. Significant linear relationships were observed between the annual carbon input and SOC （P〈0.01） or SMBC （P〈0.05）, and between the relative grain yield of wheat and the SOC content as well （P〈0.05）. But the qSMBC was not correlated with the annual carbon input. It is thus obvious that the combination of manure, straw with mineral fertilizer may be benefit to increase SOC and improve soil quality than

关键词： carbon input Haplic Calcisol long-term fertilization Quotient of soil microbial biomass carbon soil organiccarbon index

西北旱塬免耕的产量效应受降水特征和施肥显著影响

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植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第9期30卷 1694-1704页

作者：张建军党翼赵刚王磊周刚王淑英李尚中樊廷录胡靖宇王鹤龄张文菊甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所/甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室甘肃兰州730070 农业农村部西北旱地作物绿色低碳重点实验室/部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室甘肃兰州730070 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃兰州730020 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京100081

【目的】在冬小麦-夏春玉米轮作体系,研究不同降水年型条件下西北雨养农业区耕作与施肥对作物产量的影响,为西北旱塬作物高产稳产提供理论依据。【方法】基于2005年甘肃陇东旱塬设置的土壤耕作与培肥长期定位试验(3年冬小麦—1年春玉米)... 详细信息

【目的】在冬小麦-夏春玉米轮作体系,研究不同降水年型条件下西北雨养农业区耕作与施肥对作物产量的影响,为西北旱塬作物高产稳产提供理论依据。【方法】基于2005年甘肃陇东旱塬设置的土壤耕作与培肥长期定位试验(3年冬小麦—1年春玉米),主处理为传统耕作和免耕,副处理为不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、单施磷肥(P)、单施农家肥(M)、氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷配施农家肥(NPM)。结合对冬小麦和玉米产量的分析,探究不同耕作与施肥处理下作物产量在不同降水年型的差异机制。【结果】降水年型、耕作和施肥方式显著影响冬小麦和玉米产量。无论何种降水年型或耕作方式,配施有机肥的NPM处理作物产量(冬小麦3441 kg/hm^(2),春玉米8991 kg/hm^(2))均显著高于其他施肥处理,并且NPM处理对作物的增产效果在丰水年型更为明显。在丰水年型,相对于传统耕作,免耕处理的作物产量无明显差异,但在干旱及平水年型下,免耕冬小麦平均产量分别下降了15.6%和25.7%,玉米平均产量分别下降了17.9%和4.6%;与传统耕作相比,免耕处理下的冬小麦和玉米水分利用效率在干旱年型分别下降了6.7%和17.0%,冬小麦水分利用效率在平水年型下降了24.0%。免耕处理下土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量显著高于传统耕作。【结论】在西北半干旱雨养农业区,干旱及平水年型免耕虽然提高了土壤养分含量,但降低了作物水分利用效率,这是导致作物产量降低的主要原因。因此,需要根据降水情况选择耕作方式,提高西北黄土旱塬作物产量的稳定性。

关键词：黑垆土传统耕作免耕施肥冬小麦−春玉米轮作土壤养分产量水分利用效率

川西高原非煤系地层隧道瓦斯涌出模式与瓦斯逸散规律

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地质灾害与环境保护 2024年第3期35卷 68-74页

作者：牟力邓昌中谭书平张文居刘宏徐岗四川藏区高速公路有限责任公司成都610041 四川久马高速公路有限责任公司成都610213

国家基础设施建设进入新一轮快速发展阶段,川西隧道建设也呈现出密集发展态势,在隧道建设过程中,瓦斯涌突灾害频发,造成了巨大的经济损失和重大的人员伤亡。本文依托川西高原汶马高速和久马高速的所有瓦斯隧道,通过资料收集、现场调查... 详细信息

国家基础设施建设进入新一轮快速发展阶段,川西隧道建设也呈现出密集发展态势,在隧道建设过程中,瓦斯涌突灾害频发,造成了巨大的经济损失和重大的人员伤亡。本文依托川西高原汶马高速和久马高速的所有瓦斯隧道,通过资料收集、现场调查以及数值分析,概况了非煤系地层瓦斯隧道灾害的3种涌出模式:(1)生烃岩层直接揭露型;(2)深埋气藏导气构造连通型;(3)气源构造间接揭露型。针对导气构造型瓦斯隧道,发现断层与掌子面斜交时,容易发生瓦斯局部富集的现象,揭示了不同类型断层等导气构造对浅埋隧道瓦斯逸散规律的影响。

关键词：瓦斯涌突瓦斯隧道非煤系地层瓦斯逸散涌出模式