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The invasion of Prosopis juliflora and Afar pastoral livelihoods in the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia

Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 145-153页

作者： zeraye h.mehari Natural Resources Research Division Werer Agricultural Research CenterEthiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR)Addis Ababa 2003Ethiopia

Introduction:An evergreen shrub,Prosopis juliflora is one of the most invasive species in arid and semi-arid *** its introduction to the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia,it has invaded a huge acreage of grass-and rangelands which are life-supporting unit for Afar ***:Survey,using group discussion and questionnaire,was made to study the effect of *** invasion on Afar pastoral *** obtained data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test,chi-square analysis,and logistic ***:According to the result,84%of the total surveyed households rated *** as undesirable species even though the bush was often used for fuelwood,fencing homesteads,and barn and house *** of *** was also blamed to limit transhumance,occupying settlement areas and affecting multipurpose trees/bushes and grass *** these effects put pressure on the livestock assets causing about 80%livestock loss,testing the pastoral livelihoods *** household,on average,lost 6.5 small stock and 7 cattle during the past 10 years due to health hazards caused by *** ***,*** as a source of income was considered by a quarter of the surveyed pastoral households,with the age of a household head and change in livestock asset being influential variables in ***:In sum,*** invasion has made livestock rearing extremely difficult which raised pastoralists’ecological vulnerability in the fragile ecosystem they possess.

关键词： Afar pastoralists Middle Awash area Prosopis juliflora Invasion Livestock Livelihoods

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First Report of <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i>Causing Onion Stemphylium Leaf Blight in Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第8期10卷 1104-1112页

作者： Yitayih Gedefaw Abebe Gezahegn Abiy Fekadu zeraye mehari Department of Plant Pathology Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) Melkassa Agricultural Research Center (MARC) Adama Ethiopia

A suspected fungal disease was observed on onion leaves during survey in onion fields of the central rift valley of Ethiopia in the offseason in 2019. The disease symptoms were round to oval small spots on onion leaves which coalesce to form blighted leaves that change to brown lesion and black sporulation with time. The disease was of high incidence (up to 95.2%) and severity (up to 4.67) where in some fields it has been causing early plant senescence and reduced bulb size during harvest with massive yield loss, named to be “Yeshinkurt Ebola” to mean “Ebola of onion” by farmers. Dirty white to light grey front colony color and light brown to deep brown reverse colony color with alternative white and brown band fungal growth were isolated from infected onion leaf samples. The conidia were olive brown, oval to ovoid, oblong and ovoid to oblong are born on conidiophores. Pathogenicity of the pathogen was confirmed on 45-days-old onion (cv. Nafis) plant, and it was identified as Stemphylium vesicarium based on cultural, morphological and pathogenic results. This is the first report of S. vesicarium, the causative agent of onion stemphylium leaf blight.

关键词： Stemphylium vesicarium Onion Prevalence Severity Pathogenicity

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