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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1997年第1期71卷 80-89页

作者： zeng zhaohua institute of environmental geology,jiangxi bureau of geology and mineral resources, nanchang, jiangxi shang ruoyun institute of environmental geology Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Nanchang Jiangxi [?]zeng zhaohua Born in 1934. Graduated from Changchun College of geology in 1959. Specialty: hydrogeology and engineering geology. Engaged in studies of hydrogeology engineering geology environmental geology and medical geology. Now the general engineer at the Institute of Environmental Geology Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.

The paper deals with the background features, formation and distribution of the chemical el-ements K, Na, Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni,V, Co, Ti, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Hg, Cd, Be, Li, Sr, B,F, Cl, Br and I in the groundwater in the region of the middle and lower reaches of the YangtzeRiver and their relations to the composition of the water-bearing media, properties of the overly-ing rocks and soils, redox environment, and groundwater flow condition, mineralization and pHof groundwater.

关键词： lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River groundwater chemical element background feature

A new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 421-430页

作者： DING Jixin1,2, YANG Zhifa2, shang Yanjun2, ZHOU Shenghua1 & YIN Juntao3 1. China Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey, Beijing 100012, China 2. institute of geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Beijing 100029, China 3. School of Geoscience & environmental Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China China Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey Beijing China institute of geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Beijing China School of Geoscience & environmental Engineering Central South University Changsha China

Geological condition and rainfall are two most principal conditions inducing landslides in the Chongqing region. By analyzing the forming conditions of rainfall-induced landslides, a new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide is brought forward on the basis of grading and overlapping geological condition and rainfall factor in this paper. At first, semi-quantitative assessment and grading for the geological condition of a certain area or slope can be carried out with the multi-factor interactive matrix. Then the severity of rainfall in that area is grading according to the maximum daily rainfall and the total rainfall in a rainfall course. Finally, the “landslide probability judgement factor” can be worked out through grading and overlapping “geological condition influenc- ing factor” and “rainfall influencing factor”, by which the landslide can be graded into 4 grades, they are landslide extremely easily happening, landslide easily happening, landslide difficultly happening and landslide hardly ever happening respectively. More accurate spatio-temporal prediction of rain- fall-induced landslides can come true on the ground of detailed geological survey of some dangerous slopes in an area and more precise weather forecast. Finally, the reliability and feasibility of carrying out the spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslides with the method of “two factors” grading and overlapping are validated by the example of Jipazi landslide.

关键词： rainfall-induced landslide, geological condition, rainfall, two factors, grading and overlapping, interactive matrix, spatio-temporal prediction.

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黄河形成于何时?

地球科学 2024年第6期49卷 2158-2185页

作者：林旭刘静刘海金尚敏三峡大学土木与建筑学院湖北宜昌443002 三峡大学三峡地区地质灾害与生态环境协同创新中心湖北宜昌443002 天津大学地球系统科学学院天津300072 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院黑龙江哈尔滨150025 三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室(三峡大学) 湖北宜昌443002

河流是塑造地表地貌的重要地质营力之一.认识大河的发育历史有助于提高人类对大河利用的效率和生态保护,从而更好地促进人类社会的发展.黄河是中华民族的母亲河,百余年来国内外研究者对其开展了广泛的研究,但对黄河何时形成及其具体的... 详细信息

河流是塑造地表地貌的重要地质营力之一.认识大河的发育历史有助于提高人类对大河利用的效率和生态保护,从而更好地促进人类社会的发展.黄河是中华民族的母亲河,百余年来国内外研究者对其开展了广泛的研究,但对黄河何时形成及其具体的演化过程等问题至今都没有清晰的答案.鉴于此,本文在前期已经取得的研究结果基础上,广泛搜集和整理国内外研究者已发表的资料,重建黄河在新生代的演化过程,结果表明:青藏高原东北段古近纪发育沿着高原边界纵向流动的原黄河;中新世祁连山东段发育相互平行的河流汇入沉积中心陇西盆地,在晋陕峡谷北部和南部出现流向不同的大型河流,渤海湾盆地和南黄海盆地此时还未出现黄河物质,黄河在中新世进入分段演化阶段;上新世黄河已经连通西宁盆地、兰州盆地、银川盆地和河套盆地,而贵德盆地和共和盆地依然存在内流水系,此时黄河上游还未深入青藏高原东北段更深的腹地.晋陕峡谷南北异向的黄河格局依然存在.三门峡盆地仍然被大型古湖占据,黄河物质未出现在渤海湾盆地和南黄海盆地.上新世是黄河完成最后连通的重要转折阶段;早更新世黄河完成上游、中游和下游的连通,类似现今串联青藏高原、黄土高原和华北平原,东流入海的黄河此时形成.在晚更新世,受气候变化的影响,黄河各段进入新一期演化过程,局部河道再次被古湖占据,在降水丰沛期完成各河道的再次连通.构造和气候的共同作用对黄河的发育具有重要影响.河流水系腹地高大地形的维持是水系发展的前提条件之一.尤其是中新世和上新世祁连山东段的隆升,塑造了黄河在青藏高原的河流基本形态.鄂尔多斯高原周围的贺兰山、阴山和秦岭的隆升,造就了银川、河套和渭河这些深大地堑,在气候干旱期成为限制黄河全线贯通的重要因素.第四纪是东亚气候变化频繁的时期,黄河的最终贯通与气候变化过程密切相关.反过来讲,对黄河的形成与演化过程的研究,可以有效揭示我国北方新生代的构造演化、气候变化过程.

关键词：黄河构造活动气候变化物源示踪阶地古近纪中新世上新世更新世第四纪地质环境地质

The Cultural Relics Distribution Characteristics Along the Canal Line and Appraisal of its Influence by the Middle Route Project for Water Transferring from South to North China

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The Cultural Relics Distribution Characteristics Along the C...

地质环境中生物标志物 GDGTs 分析技术研究进展

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： Yanjun shang,~* Sijing Wang,Zhifa Yang,Kunshu Zhou,and Lihui Li Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics,institute of geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,Peoples Republic of China

Assessments of the impacts of environmental hazards on ecological systems and human health have become a subject of ever-increasing *** this work, we extend current ecological hazard evaluation to the problem of protecting cultural relics from hazards attributable to the presence of a large-scale canal system being planned in *** development and utilization of water resources must be closely combined with the preservation of cultural *** Middle Route Project for Water Transfer from South to North China(MRWT) is a current *** this paper,the engineering background of this project is briefly introduced. The distribution of cultural relics related to it is also summarized in terms of different geographical *** influence index E = f(L.Δh,k,I,v,s) is introduced to measure the comprehensive effect of the canal on cultural relics. Because this function is really established at the preconstruction stage,it is treated by use of fuzzy *** cultural relic has its own E *** relics with E values greater than 0.75 should be paid high attention,while those with E less than 0.5 may generally be *** must be preserved through use of engineering measures are cultural relics with E values greater than *** to those cultural relics with E ranging between 0.5 and 0.75,whether they should be preserved with engineering controls depends upon practical circumstances specific to each relic.

关键词： Middle Route Project for Water Transfer from South to North China cultural relics influence index fuzzy mathematics.

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岩矿测试 2024年第1期43卷 30-46页

作者：战楠孙青李琪谢曼曼尚文郁郝瑞霞国家地质实验测试中心自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室北京100037 北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029

甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂(GDGTs)是一类来自于微生物细胞膜脂的新兴生物标志物,广泛存在于海洋、湖泊、土壤、泥炭等环境。在活体细胞中,GDGTs通常以完整极性膜脂(IPL-GDGTs)的形式存在,而在地质环境中主要以脱去极性头基的核心脂(CL-GDGTs... 详细信息

甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂(GDGTs)是一类来自于微生物细胞膜脂的新兴生物标志物,广泛存在于海洋、湖泊、土壤、泥炭等环境。在活体细胞中,GDGTs通常以完整极性膜脂(IPL-GDGTs)的形式存在,而在地质环境中主要以脱去极性头基的核心脂(CL-GDGTs)的形式存在。CL-GDGTs结构稳定、不易降解,并且对环境变化响应敏感,因此被认为是重建古气候-古环境变化的有力工具。GDGTs结构复杂、种类多样,在环境中的含量通常较低且常与其他化合物共存,因此分析难度较高,现有技术和方法在其分离、纯化、定量等方面仍然面临挑战。本文总结了近年来GDGTs在分析技术方面的研究进展,概述了GDGTs的分类与结构,对环境中IPL-GDGTs和CL-GDGTs的分离、纯化等方法进行总结和比较,其中CL-GDGTs可选择多种提取方法,而极性较强、热稳定性较差的IPL-GDGTs应尽量选取Bligh-Dyer提取法。普通的分离、纯化通常采用柱层析法,而涉及GDGTs单体分离时,一般采用制备液相色谱法。液相色谱-质谱、核磁共振波谱、气相色谱-同位素比值质谱是GDGTs含量测定、结构鉴定、同位素分析的主要分析手段。本文评述了现有方法的特点和不足,并在此基础上,提出了GDGTs分析技术的发展方向,以期为地质环境中GDGTs的分析研究提供启示和参考。

关键词：甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂(GDGTs) 提取分离纯化含量分析结构鉴定同位素分析

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土壤结构变化对包气带土壤水分参数的影响及环境效应

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水土保持学报 2002年第6期16卷 100-102,106页

作者：李惠娣杨琦聂振龙张光辉尚海涛中国地质大学北京100083 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所河北石家庄050061

利用野外获得的实验数据,通过回归的方法获得不同岩性的水分特征曲线和渗透系数曲线的关系式,并讨论了因采矿塌陷引起包气带土壤结构变化而对包气带水分参数的影响。最后讨论了包气带水分参数的变化对当地环境造成的不利影响。

关键词：土壤结构包气带水分参数环境效应

From the new Austrian tunneling method to the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第4期6卷 366-372页

作者： Yanjun shang Kun Li Wantong He Chunbo Sheng Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanxi Branch China State Construction International Holdings Limited

The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with their influences on geoengineering are complicated or unfortunately are overlooked, we should pay more attentions to internal features of rocks grades IV and V （even in local but mostly controlling zones）. With increasing attentions to the characteristics, mechanism and influences of engineering construction-triggered geohazards, it is crucial to fully understand the disturbance of these geohazards on project construction. A reasonable determination method in construction procedure, i.e. the shape of working face, the type of engineering support and the choice of feasible procedure, should be considered in order to mitigate the construction-triggered geohazards. Due to their high sensitivity to groundwater and in-situ stress, various UGBs exhibit hysteretic nature and failure modes. To give a complete understanding on the internal causes, the emphasis on advanced comprehensive geological forecasting and overall reinforcement treatment is therefore of more practical significance. Compre- hensive evaluation of influential factors, identification of UGB, and measures of discontinuity dynamic controlling comprises the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method. In a case of a cut slope, the variations of UGBs and the impacts of key environmental factors are presented, where more severe construction-triggered geohazards emerged in construction stage than those predicted in design and field investigation stages. As a result, the weight ratios of different influential factors with respect to field investigation, design and construction are obtained.

关键词： Unfavorable geological body (UGB)Multi-factor interaction matrix Discontinuity dynamic controlling (DDC)Cut slope Geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling (GEDC) method

The record of cultivated rice from archaeobiological evidence in northwestern China 5000 years ago

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第10期52卷 1372-1378页

作者： LI XiaoQiang ZHOU XinYing ZHANG HongBin ZHOU Jie shang Xue DODSON John State Key Lab of Loess & Quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China institute of environmental Research Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Sydney NSW 2234 Australia institute for the Environment Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH UK

Pollen, plant seeds and phytoliths from an AMS dated sediment profile at the Xishanping site indicate that the cultivation of rice might start no later than 5070 cal. a BP in the region of Tianshui, Gansu Province. It continued from 5070 to 4300 cal. a BP. This is so far the oldest and the most northwestern record of cultivated rice in Neolithic China, which extends the known region of prehistoric rice cultivation at least 2° longitude to the west. This finding provides important evidence for reconstructing the cultivation region of rice at 5000 a BP (an important time period), and its spreading history in East Asia, during the Neolithic.

关键词：中国西北地区 5000年前栽培稻古生物学证据遗址记录

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不同土地覆被下岩溶洞穴滴水的水文特征

中国岩溶 2024年第3期43卷 627-639页

作者：范宏岱胡运迪周忠发胡德勇张宇超黄正周王登超尚运李航贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院贵州贵阳550025 贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地贵州贵阳550025 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局一0五地质大队贵州贵阳550018 中国环境科学研究院北京100012 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室贵州贵阳550081

土地覆被类型是水循环过程的重要影响因子,为探究不同土地覆被下洞穴滴水的水文特征及其影响因素,文章选取了贵州岩溶区不同土地覆被下的清江洞(土层厚,植被中等)、广顺洞(土层薄,植被好)和石将军洞(土层薄,植被差,顶板厚)3个洞穴,基于... 详细信息

土地覆被类型是水循环过程的重要影响因子,为探究不同土地覆被下洞穴滴水的水文特征及其影响因素,文章选取了贵州岩溶区不同土地覆被下的清江洞(土层厚,植被中等)、广顺洞(土层薄,植被好)和石将军洞(土层薄,植被差,顶板厚)3个洞穴,基于滴水流量、土壤含水量及气象数据进行研究。结果表明:(1)3个洞穴的滴水流量均存在季节性变化规律,滴水在降水输入少的旱季易发生断流;(2)由于土壤的截留和储存作用,使得洞顶土层覆盖厚的清江洞相较于广顺洞和石将军洞在雨季8月到10月期间表现出特有的流量低值现象,且全年土壤含水量的最低值也出现在此时期;(3)3个洞穴滴水流量的年均值为石将军洞(1.185 mL·min^(-1))>清江洞(0.600 mL·min^(-1))>广顺洞(0.236m L·min^(-1)),流量的全年稳定程度为石将军洞>广顺洞>清江洞;(4)植被对洞穴滴水水文特征的影响弱于土壤,土壤发育较好的洞穴(清江洞)比土层薄但植被覆盖高的广顺洞全年更容易断流,另外顶板厚度大的洞穴(石将军洞)全年滴水流量稳定程度最好。综上,洞穴滴水流量除受降水、气温、湿度等气象条件影响外,还受土地覆被、含水层顶板厚度的影响。

关键词：土地覆被滴水水文特征流量土壤含水量

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衡水湖底泥重金属元素分布特征及污染评价

能源与环保 2024年第1期46卷 64-68,75页

作者：张闯王苒孙勇刚尚晓雨杨阳陈龙董硕刘泽河北省地质矿产勘查开发局国土资源勘查中心河北石家庄050085 河北省地质调查院河北石家庄050081

以衡水湖底泥为研究对象,布设14个采样点进行采样测试,分析底泥中8项重金属元素(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn)的分布特征,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法,评价底泥重金属污染程度。研究结果表明,As、Pb、Ni和Cu元素在湖心东... 详细信息

以衡水湖底泥为研究对象,布设14个采样点进行采样测试,分析底泥中8项重金属元素(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn)的分布特征,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法,评价底泥重金属污染程度。研究结果表明,As、Pb、Ni和Cu元素在湖心东、北部含量较高;Cd、Cr和Zn元素在湖心北部含量较高;Hg元素在湖心东部含量较高。单项污染指数评价表明,仅重金属元素Cd、Zn存在污染,污染程度分别为轻度污染和轻微污染,其余6项元素均为清洁。内梅罗综合指数评价表明,衡水湖底泥局部(Y3位置)存在重金属轻度污染,污染元素为Cd、Zn,其他区域为清洁。对底泥8项重金属含量进行相关性分析,其中Cd与Zn正相关性(P<0.01)最为显著,表明污染元素具有同源性。研究结果可为衡水湖重金属污染防治和生态修复提供科学依据。

关键词：底泥重金属元素分布特征污染评价衡水湖