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All-optical neuromorphic devices: materials, working mechanism,and applications

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Song Wang Hao chen Hui Huang College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University

Traditional von Neumann computing, with physical separation of memory and processing units, cannot satisfy the development of artificial intelligence and cloud computing. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the human brain, has drawn much ***-optical neuromorphic (AON) devices employ optical signals as information carriers and leverage the neuromorphic functions to implement fast operation speed, low energy consumption, and high bandwidth of neuromorphic computing. Here, we discuss the recent progress in AON devices, including materials, device performance, working mechanisms, and applications. Moreover,the advantages and limitations of AON are presented and discussed. Finally, the perspective of AON devices points out the future research direction of neuromorphic computing.

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Engine Misfire Fault Detection Based on the Channel Attention Convolutional Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 843-862页

作者： Feifei Yu Yongxian Huang Guoyan chen Xiaoqing Yang Canyi Du Yongkang Gong School of Mechatronic Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal UniversityGuangzhou510665China School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal UniversityGuangzhou510665China

To accurately diagnosemisfire faults in automotive engines,we propose a Channel Attention Convolutional Model,specifically the Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks(SENET),for classifying engine vibration signals and precisely pinpointing misfire *** the experiment,we established a total of 11 distinct states,encompassing the engine’s normal state,single-cylinder misfire faults,and dual-cylinder misfire faults for different *** collection was facilitated by a highly sensitive acceleration signal collector with a high sampling rate of 20,*** collected data were methodically divided into training and testing sets based on different experimental groups to ensure generalization and prevent overlap between the two *** results revealed that,with a vibration acceleration sequence of 1000 time steps(approximately 50 ms)as input,the SENET model achieved a misfire fault detection accuracy of 99.8%.For comparison,we also trained and tested several commonly used models,including Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),Transformer,and Multi-Scale Residual Networks(MSRESNET),yielding accuracy rates of 84%,79%,and 95%,*** underscores the superior accuracy of the SENET model in detecting engine misfire faults compared to other ***,the F1 scores for each type of recognition in the SENET model surpassed 0.98,outperforming the baseline *** analysis indicated that the misclassified samples in the LSTM and Transformer models’predictions were primarily due to intra-class misidentifications between single-cylinder and dual-cylinder misfire *** delve deeper,we conducted a visual analysis of the features extracted by the LSTM and SENET models using T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(T-SNE)*** findings revealed that,in the LSTMmodel,data points of the same type tended to cluster together with significant ***,in the SENET model,data points of various types were more widely and evenly dispersed,demonstra

关键词： Channel attention SENET model engine misfire fault fault detection

Enantioselective β-alkenylation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes via chiral biphosphine ligand modified dirhodium(II) catalysis

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Guangli Xu Hongda chen Xiaoming Wang State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University

Dirhodium(II) complexes have achieved great success in organic synthesis,and fine-tuning their catalytic properties with various bridging ligands is well-investigated in carbene ***,combining dirhodium(II) with a sophisticated ligand as a catalyst in other reactions is still extremely challenging,especially for the asymmetric synthesis of valuable chiral ***,we report a dirhodium(II)/(S)-MeO-BIPHEP catalytic system for the challenging asymmetric β-alkenylation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes,affording the corresponding chiral conjugate addition products in good yields with high enantioselectivities.A couple of drug-derived substrates were also compatible with the protocol,which has been successfully used to prepare biologically relevant pyranochromene *** mechanistic studies suggested that the dirhodium core might remain intact over the catalytic cycle,and the chiral diphosphine ligand plays a key role in this novel reactivity and determining the high enantioselectivities of the asymmetric conjugate addition.

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Inkjet-Printed Organic Solar Cells and Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress,Challenges, and Prospect

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第8期41卷 1169-1197,I0005页

作者： Xing-ze chen Qun Luo Chang-Qi Ma School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China i-Lab&Printable Electronics Research Center Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215123China

In recent years,the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells(OSCs)and perovskite(PVSCs)has increased to over 19%and25%,***,the long-term stability of OSCs and PVSCs was also significantly improved with a better understanding of the degradation mechanism and the improvement of materials,morphology,and interface *** both the efficiency and lifetime of solar cells are approaching the commercialization limit,fabrication methods for large-area OSCs and PVSCs that can be directly transferred from lab to fab become essential to promote the industrialization of OSCs and *** with the coating methods,inkjet printing is a mature industrial technology with the advantages of random digital patterning,excellent precision and fast printing speed,which is considered to have great potential in solar cell *** efforts have been devoted to developing inkjet-printed OSCs and PVSCs,and much progress has been achieved in the last few *** this review,we first introduced the working principle of inkjet printing,the rheology requirements of inks,and the behaviors of the *** then summarized the recent research progresses of the inkjet-printed OSCs and PVSCs to facilitate knowledge transfer between the two *** the end,we gave a perspective on inkjet-printed OSCs and PVSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Perovskite solar cells Inkjet printing Ink formulation Morphology control

Lipid droplets in the nervous system:involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 740-750页

作者： Yuchen Zhang Yiqing chen Cheng Zhuang Jingxuan Qi Robert Chunhua Zhao Jiao Wang School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina School of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy BeijingChina

Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous *** droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic ***,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous *** addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress ***,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial *** of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system *** review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and ***,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative *** the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease lipid droplet biogenesis lipid droplets lipid metabolism nervous system neurodegenerative disorders oxidative stress Parkinson's disease

Surrounding Objects Detection and Tracking for Autonomous Driving Using LiDAR and Radar Fusion

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2021年第5期34卷 69-80页

作者： ze Liu Yingfeng Cai Hai Wang Long chen Automotive Engineering Research Institute Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Radar and LiDAR are two environmental sensors commonly used in autonomous vehicles,Lidars are accurate in determining objects’positions but significantly less accurate as Radars on measuring their ***,Radars relative to Lidars are more accurate on measuring objects velocities but less accurate on determining their positions as they have a lower spatial *** order to compensate for the low detection accuracy,incomplete target attributes and poor environmental adaptability of single sensors such as Radar and LiDAR,in this paper,an effective method for high-precision detection and tracking of surrounding targets of autonomous *** employing the Unscented Kalman Filter,Radar and LiDAR information is effectively fused to achieve high-precision detection of the position and speed information of targets around the autonomous ***,the real vehicle test under various driving environment scenarios is carried *** experimental results show that the proposed sensor fusion method can effectively detect and track the vehicle peripheral targets with high *** with a single sensor,it has obvious advantages and can improve the intelligence level of autonomous cars.

关键词： Autonomous vehicle Radar and LiDAR information fusion Unscented Kalman filter Target detection and tracking

基于光谱技术的典型互花米草入侵湿地土壤属性预测研究

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光谱学与光谱分析 2025年第1期45卷 197-203页

作者：陈旭曹思珩杨仁敏陈秋宇李建国徐璐 4 江苏师范大学地理测绘与城乡规划学院地理信息科学系江苏徐州221116

为了高效监测互花米草入侵海岸带湿地生态系统的土壤属性变化,选取江苏省盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区的一处典型互花米草入侵湿地作为研究区,利用随机分层采样方法选取15个样点,在3个深度(0~30、30~60、60~100 cm)共采集45个土壤样品... 详细信息

为了高效监测互花米草入侵海岸带湿地生态系统的土壤属性变化,选取江苏省盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区的一处典型互花米草入侵湿地作为研究区,利用随机分层采样方法选取15个样点,在3个深度(0~30、30~60、60~100 cm)共采集45个土壤样品,测定了土壤可见光-近红外反射光谱和10种土壤理化属性,研究了偏最小二乘和随机森林两种方法的预测能力,分析了不同光谱变换形式对预测精度的影响,探讨了入侵年限和土壤深度作为辅助预测变量的潜力。结果表明:(1)可见光-近红外光谱技术可以较好地预测有机碳、无机碳、全氮、含水量、pH、容重、盐分和黏粒等属性;(2)偏最小二乘回归法比随机森林法更适合监测互花米草入侵湿地的关键土壤理化属性,利用偏最小二乘法对土壤属性建立的预测模型精度(R^(2))在0.341~0.979之间,随机森林方法对土壤属性建立的预测模型精度(R^(2))最高为0.722;(3)基于原始光谱可以获得土壤全氮的最优预测模型(R^(2)为0.769,RMSE为0.091 g·kg^(-1)),而其他土壤属性的最优模型多是基于微分变换或倒数变换建立的模型,微分变换和倒数变换可以有效地提高模型预测精度;(4)模型预测精度在加入入侵年限和土壤深度两个变量后总体上有所提高,其中有机碳、全氮、盐分、pH和容重等属性的预测精度对这两个变量更为敏感,土壤有机碳最优模型的精度(R^(2))从0.794提高到0.806,pH最优模型的精度(R^(2))从0.838提升至0.884,盐分最优模型的精度(R^(2))从0.978提升至0.997。综上所述,可见光-近红外光谱技术在互花米草入侵湿地关键土壤理化属性预测方面具有明显的优越性,通过适当的光谱变换、变量筛选、模型选择等方面可以实现互花米草入侵湿地土壤变化的快速监测。

关键词：互花米草入侵可见光-近红外光谱土壤监测偏最小二乘法随机森林光谱变换

Reliability analysis of k-out-of-n system with load-sharing and failure propagation effect

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2021年第5期32卷 1221-1231页

作者： chen Ying MA Qichao WANG ze LI Yingyi Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute of Electronic Engineering China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621999China

In complex systems,functional dependency and physical dependency may have a coupling *** this paper,the reliability of a k-out-of-n system is analyzed considering load-sharing effect and failure mechanism(FM)*** types of FMs are considered and an accumulative damage model is proposed to illustrate the system behavior of the k-out-of-n system and the coupling effect between load-sharing effect and FM propagation effect.A combinational algorithm based on Binary decision diagram(BDD)and Monte-Carlo simulation is presented to evaluate the complex system behavior and reliability of the k-out-of-n system.A current stabilizing system that consists of a 3-out-of-6 subsystem with FM propagation effect is presented as a case to illustrate the complex behavior and to verify the applicability of the proposed *** to the coupling effect change,the main mechanism and failure mode will be changed,and the system lifetime is *** are analyzed and results show that different sensitivity factors of three different FMs lead to the change of the development rate,thus changing the failure *** the coupling effect may lead to an incomplete and ineffective measuring and monitoring *** strategies must be adopted to make the FM propagation insensitive to load-sharing effect.

关键词： k-out-of-n system load-sharing effect failure mechanism propagation damage factor model combinational algorithm

Adiabatic correction for the esterification of acetic anhydride by methanol via accurate kinetics

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第9期26卷 1954-1959页

作者： ze Dong Liping chen Yingying Ma Haoliang Peng Wanghua chen Nanjing University of Science & Technology School of Chemical Engineering Solvay (China) Co. Ltd.

In the field of adiabatic correction for complex reactions,a simple one-stage kinetic model was used to estimate the real reaction ***,this assumption simplified the real process,inevitably generated inaccurate or even unsafe ***,it was necessary to find a new correction method for complex *** this work,esterification of acetic anhydride by methanol was chosen as an object reaction of *** reaction was studied under different conditions by Reaction Calorimeter(RC1).Then,Thermal Safety Software(TSS)was used to establish the kinetic model and estimate the parameters,where,activation energies for three stages were67.09,81.02,73.77 kJ?mol^(-1)respectively,and corresponding frequency factors in logarithmic form were 16.05,19.59,15.72 s^(-1).In addition,two adiabatic tests were performed by Vent Sizing Package2(VSP2).For accurate correction of VSP2 tests,a new correction method based on Enhanced Fisher method was *** with kinetics,adiabatic correction of esterification reaction was *** this research,accurate kinetic parameters for a three-step kinetic model of the esterification reaction were ***,the correlation coefficients between simulated curves and corrected curves were 0.976 and 0.968,which proved the accuracy of proposed new adiabatic correction *** on this new method,conservative corrected results were able to be acquired and be applied in safety assessment.

关键词： Adiabatic correction Kinetics New method Complex reaction Esterification Model reaction