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Environmental factors controlling soil warming and wetting during 2000-2020 in permafrost and non-permafrost regions across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 285-296页

作者： Guo-An YIN Jing LUO Fu-Jun NIU Ming-Hao LIU ze-Yong gao Tian-Chun DONG Wei-Heng NI State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China China Railway Qinghai-Tibet Group Co. Ltd.Xining 810000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)has experienced rapid environmental changes,including climate warming and wetting,since the *** environmental changes significantly impact the shallow soil hydrothermal conditions,which have key roles in land-atmosphere feedback and ecosystem ***,the spatial variations and responses of soil hydrothermal conditions to environmental changes over the QTP with permafrost(PF)and seasonal frost(SF)remain *** this study,we investigated the spatial variations in soil temperature(ST)and soil moisture(SM)changes over the QTP from 2000 to 2020 using 99 in-situ sites with observations at 4 depths(i.e.10,40,100 and 200 cm).The main environmental controlling factors were further identified using a calibrated statistical *** showed that significant(p<0.05)soil warming occurred at multiple soil layers during 2000-2020 with a wide variation(i.e.0.033-0.039℃ per year on average),whereas the warming rates at PF sites were two times greater than those at SF *** addition,the soil wetting rate was high over the SF region,whereas the soil wetting rate was low over the PF *** from air temperature,changes in thawing degree days and solar radiation(Srad)contributed most to soil warming in the PF region,whereas changes in rainfall,Srad and evaporation(EVA)have been identified as the key factors in the SF *** for soil wetting,changes in snowfall,freezing degree days and vegetation have noticeable nonlinear effects over the PF region,whereas changes in EVA,Srad and rainfall highlighted distinct linear and nonlinear effects in the SF *** findings enhance our understanding of the hydrothermal impacts of future environmental changes over the QTP.

关键词： Warming amd wetting Soil hydrothermal change Factor Permafrost Seasonal frost

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Effect of lanthanum on inclusions in non-oriented electrical steel slabs

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第7期31卷 1680-1691页

作者： Qiang Ren Zhi-yuan Hu Yun-xia Liu Wei-cheng Zhang Zi-qi gao Li-feng Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004HebeiChina School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Research and Development Department Shougang Zhixin Qian'an Electromagnetic Material Co.Ltd.Qian'an 064400HebeiChina School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China

The effect of lanthanum on the characteristics of inclusions in the slab of non-oriented electrical steels was investigated through industrial trials and thermodynamic *** number,size,and chemical composition of inclusions in the surface,one-quarter of thickness and the center of slabs with and without lanthanum addition were statistically analyzed using an automatic inclusion analysis *** the lanthanum-free slab,inclusions were predominately ***_(2)O_(3),MgO,and AlN as well as a small number of Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO-CaO and *** number densities of oxide inclusions and AlN decreased from the surface to the center of the slab,which was ascribed to the difference in cooling intensity during the continuous *** the steel with lanthanum addition,inclusions were modified into LaAlO_(3) and La_(2)O_(2)S and gradually transformed into dual-phase MgO-La_(2)S3 with an increasing distance from the slab surface due to the reaction between the lanthanum-containing inclusion and the steel *** uneven distribution of oxide inclusions along the thickness of the slab was eliminated in the lanthanum-bearing slab because the dissolved oxygen was remarkably decreased by ***-bearing inclusions were more likely to agglomerate AlN by inducing the heterogeneous nucleation of AlN on their surface,while small-size ***_(2)O_(3) inclusions hardly showed a coarsening effect on the size of AlN.

关键词： Lanthanum-Inclusion Non-oriented electrical steel Aluminum nitride Heterogenous nucleation

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A Novel Approach for Rapid Evaluating Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Metallic Materials

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第7期37卷 1231-1237页

作者： Yu Li Zhenbo Qin xiaoyang Du Da-Hai xia zepeng gao Yiwen Zhang Zhong Wu Wenbin Hu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology(Ministry of Education) Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityFuzhou350207China

For the evaluation of cavitation erosion resistance of metallic materials,it has always been a time-consuming technical *** paper innovatively proposed a parameter named cavitation hardening rate to characterize the plastic deformation and work hardening behavior of metallic materials during the cavitation process and then found a positive correlation between cavitation hardening rate and strain hardening ***,the relationship between cavitation volume loss and strain hardening index was obtained,and a simple and rapid evaluation method for cavitation erosion resistance was established.

关键词： Cavitation erosion Evaluation method Cavitation hardening rate Volume loss

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Copper naphthalocyanine-based hole-transport material for highperformance and thermally stable perovskite solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2701-2709页

作者： Yue Qiang Huaiman Cao Yuzhen Pan Yi Chi Liangyu Zhao Yingguo Yang Hai-Bei Li Yan gao Licheng Sun ze Yu State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsDalian University of Technology(DUT).Dalian 116024China School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology(DUT)Dalian 116024China School of Microelectronics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) Zhangjiang LabShanghai Advanced Research InstituteShanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China School of Ocean Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm 10044Sweden

Metal phthalocyanines(MPcs) have gained considerable research attention as hole-transport materials(HTMs) in perovskite solar cells(PSCs) because of their superb stability. However, the photovoltaic performance of MPc-based HTMs in PSCs is still lagging behind their small molecule and polymeric counterparts, largely due to their relatively low hole mobility. Here, we report for the first time the application of a copper naphthalocyanine derivative(namely t Bu-Cu Nc) as a hole-transport material(HTM)in perovskite solar cells(PSCs), and systematically study its optoelectronic and photovoltaic property compared with its Cu Pc analog(t Bu-Cu Pc). Combined experiments disclose that the extension of π-conjugation from Pc to Nc core leads to not only an enhanced hole-carrier mobility associated with a stronger intermolecular interaction, but also an elevated glass transition temperature(T_g) of 252 °C. The resultant PSCs employing t Bu-Cu Nc deliver an excellent power conversion efficiency of 24.03%, which is the record efficiency reported for metal complex-based HTMs in PSCs. More importantly, the encapsulated t Bu-Cu Nc-based devices also show dramatically improved thermal stability than the devices using the well-known SpiroOMe TAD, with a T_(80)lifetime for more than 1,000 h under damp-heat stress. This study unfolds a new avenue for developing efficient and stable HTMs in PSCs.

关键词： hole-transport materials perovskite solar cells copper naphthalocyanine extendedπ-conjugation thermal stability

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Keplerate polyoxomolybdate nanoball mediated controllable preparation of metal-doped molybdenum disulfide for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in acidic and alkaline media

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 524-528页

作者： Ping Wang Ting Wang Ming Xu ze gao Hongyu Li Bowen Li Yuqi Wang Chaoqun Qu Ming Feng Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education Jilin Normal UniversityChangchun 130103China School of Science Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130022China

Rationally designed novel cost-effective hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts with controlled surface composition and advanced structural superiority is extremely critical to optimize the HER ***(POMs)with structural diversity and adjustable element compositions represent a promising precursor for rational design and preparation of HER ***,a series of transition metal-doped MoS_(2)materials with different surface engineered structures(Fe,Cr,V doping and S vacancies)(M-MoS_(2)/CC,M=Fe,Cr and V)were fabricated by a simple hydrothermalvulcanization strategy using Keplerate polyoxomolybdate nanoball({Mo_(72)Fe_(30)},{Mo_(72)Cr_(30)},{Mo_(72)V_(30)},{Mo_(132)})as *** enlarged interlayer spacing as well as the integration of homogeneous transition metal doping and abundant sulfur vacancies endows prepared M-MoS_(2)/CC with superior HER electrocatalytic performance and excellent long-term working stability in both acidic and alkaline *** optimized Fe-MoS_(2)/CC afford current densities of 10 and 50 mA/cm^(2)at overpotentials of 188/272 mV and 194/394 mV in 0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)and 1.0 mol/L KOH aqueous solution,respectively,outperforming most of reported typical transition metal sulfide-based *** work represents an important breakthrough for POMs-mediated highly efficient transition metal sulfide-based HER electrocatalysts with wide range pH activity and may provide new options for the rational design of promising HER electrocatalysts and beyond.

关键词： Polyoxometalate Electrocatalytic Hydrogen evolution reaction Doping MoS_(2)

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Core-shell heterostructure engineering of CoP nanowires coupled NiFe LDH nanosheets for highly efficient water/seawater oxidation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 549-553页

作者： Guo-Hong gao Run-ze Zhao Ya-Jun Wang xiao Ma Yan Li Jian Zhang Ji-Sen Li School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and MaterialsJining UniversityQufu 273155China Institute of Physical Education Jining UniversityQufu 273155China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Searching for efficient nonprecious metal-based catalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are of significance for seawater ***,a core-shell-structured hybrid of cobalt phosphide nanowires@NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets grown on conductive nickel foam(CoP@NiFe LDH/NF)is prepared by a feasible approach at low *** charming structure can provide numerous phosphide/hydroxide heterogenous interfaces,expose abundant active sites,and boost elec-tron/mass transfer,synergistically enhancing catalytic OER *** employed as an electrocatalyst toward the OER,the resultant CoP@NiFe LDH/NF only requires a small overpotential of 287 mV to pro-vide 300 mA/cm^(2)current density as well as long-time durability in 1.0 mol/L KOH *** regula-tion of electronic states and surface reconstruction synergistically contribute to highly efficient seawater *** work provides an opportunity to construct efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for hydrogen production.

关键词： Cobalt phosphide NiFe layered double hydroxide Interfacial engineering Oxygen evolution reaction Seawater oxidation

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Cascade utilization of full spectrum solar energy for achieving simultaneous hydrogen production and all-day thermoelectric conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 318-327页

作者： Tuo Zhang Liang Dong Baoyuan Wang Jingkuo Qu xiaoyuan Ye Wengao zeng ze gao Bin Zhu Ziying Zhang xiangjiu Guan Liejin Guo International Research Center for Renewable Energy(IRCRE) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina

Solar-driven photocatalytic water/seawater splitting holds great potential for green hydrogen ***,the practical application is hindered by the relatively low conversion efficiency resulting from the inadequate utilization of solar spectrum with significant waste in the form of ***,current equipment struggles to maintain all-day operation subjected to the lack of light during ***,a novel hybrid system integrating photothermal catalytic(PTC)reactor,thermoelectric generator(TEG),and phase change materials(PCM)was proposed and designed(named as PTC-TEG-PCM)to address these challenges and enable simultaneous overall seawater splitting and 24-hour power *** PTC system effectively maintains in an optimal temperature range to maximize photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen *** TEG component recycles the low-grade waste heat for power generation,complementing the shortcoming of photocatalytic conversion and achieving cascade utilization of full-spectrum solar ***,exceptional thermal storage capability of PCM allow for the conversion of released heat into electricity during nighttime,contributing significantly to the overall power output and enabling PTC-TEG-PCM to operate for more than 12 h under the actual *** to traditional PTC system,the overall energy conversion efficiency of the PTC-TEG-PCM system can be increased by∼500%,while maintaining the solar-to-hydrogen *** advancement of this novel system demonstrated that recycling waste heat from the PTC system and utilizing heat absorption/release capability of PCM for thermoelectric application are effective strategies to improve solar energy *** flexible parameter designing,PTC-TEG-PCM can be applied in various scenarios,offering high efficiency,stability,and sustainability.

关键词： Hybrid solar energy conversion system Photocatalytic overall seawatersplitting Thermoelectric power generation Phase change materials All-day operation

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Interplay between the atomic structures and superconductivity of two-monolayer Pb films

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 90-98页

作者： Kun Xie ze Huang Pengju Li Yumin xia Desheng Cai Yitong Gu Yuzhou Liu Fangliang Cai Runxiao Zhang Haohao Shi Ping Cui Shengyong Qin International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials(ICQD) University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics Department of PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China

Superconductors with reduced dimensionality have been widely explored for their exotic superconducting ***,at the two-dimensional limit,two-monolayer Pb films with two types of structures provide an ideal platform to unveil the underlying superconducting mechanism[Science 324,1314(2009)].Here,by combining scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)with the first-principle calculations,we successfully identify that these two types have different atomic lattice structures with varying stacking phases,which further enables us to calculate the phonon spectrum and electron phonon coupling strength of each *** theoretical calculations are in good agreement with tunneling spectroscopy measurements of the superconducting transition temperatures(T_(c)),which established a correlation between atomic structures and ***,it was observed that the higher T_(c)of these two types also possess higher out-of-plane upper critical magnetic fields(Hc2).These findings will provide important new insights into two-dimensional superconductivity at the atomic level.

关键词： 2 ML Pb films superconductivity atomic structure scanning tunneling microscopy first-principle calculations

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High efficiency removal of NO using waste calcium carbide slag by facile KOH modification

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 182-192页

作者： Fang Wang Hui Li Jiyun gao Na Geng Enzhu Jiang Futing xia Mingwu xiang Lijuan Jia Ping Ning School of Chemistry and Environment Yunnan Minzu UniversityKunming 650504China Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China

Waste calcium carbide slags(CS),which are widely applied to desulfurisation,are not typically used in ***,to well achieve waste control by waste,a facile and highefficiency denitration strategy is developed using KOH to modify the calcium carbide slags(KCS).Various KCS samples were investigated using a series of physical and chemical *** performance test results showed that the KOH concentration and reaction temperature are the main factors affecting the denitration efficiency of KCS,and CS modified with 1.5 mol/L KOH(KCS-1.5)can achieve 100% denitration efficiency at 300℃.Such excellent removal efficiency is due to the catalytic oxidation of the oxygen-containing functional groups derived from the *** studies showed that KOH treatment significantly increased the concentration of oxygen vacancies,nitro compounds,and basic sites of *** study provides a novel strategy for the resource utilisation of waste CS in the future.

关键词： Waste Carbide slag KOH Effective denitration

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Individualized brain mapping for navigated neuromodulation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第5期137卷 508-523页

作者： Chaohong gao xia Wu Xinle Cheng Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen Congying Chu Zhengyi Yang Lingzhong Fan Sino–Danish College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby 2800Denmark Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital Amager and HvidovreHvidovre 2650Denmark CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Health and Life Sciences University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong 266000China

The brain is a complex organ that requires precise mapping to understand its structure and *** atlases provide a powerful tool for studying brain circuits,discovering biological markers for early diagnosis,and developing personalized treatments for neuropsychiatric *** techniques,such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation,have revolutionized clinical therapies for neuropsychiatric ***,the lack of fine-scale brain atlases limits the precision and effectiveness of these *** in neuroimaging and machine learning techniques have led to the emergence of stereotactic-assisted neurosurgery and navigation ***,the individual variability among patients and the diversity of brain diseases make it necessary to develop personalized *** article provides an overview of recent advances in individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation and discusses the methodological profiles,advantages,disadvantages,and future trends of these *** article concludes by posing open questions about the future development of individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation.

关键词： Brain atlas Individualization Navigated neuromodulation Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging Transcranial magnetic stimulation Deep brain stimulation

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