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A proto-monsoonal climate in the late Eocene of Southeast Asia:Evidence from a sedimentary record in central Myanmar

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 46-63页

作者： Huasheng Huang Robert J.Morley Alexis Licht Guillaume Dupont-Nivet Daniel Pérez-Pinedo Jan Westerweel zaw win.day wa aun. Eko Budi Lelono Galina N.Aleksandrova Ramesh K.Saxena Carina Hoorn Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics(IBED) University of Amsterdam1090 GE AmsterdamThe Netherlands Palynova Ltd. 1 Mow Fen RoadLittleportCambridgeshire CB61PYUK Department of Earth Sciences Royal HollowayUniversity of LondonEghamSurrey TW200EXUK Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de I'Environnement(CEREGE) Aix-en-ProvenceFrance Institut fur Geowissenschaften Universität Potsdam14476 PotsdamGermany Géosciences Rennes CNRS and Universitéde Rennes 135042 Rennes CedexFrance Geology Department Shwe Bo UniversitySagaing RegionMyanmar Department of Geology University of YangonPyay RoadYangonMyanmar Badan Geologi Jl.Soekarno Hatta No 444BandungBandung 40254Indonesia Geological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesPyzhevsky Pereulok 7119017 MoscowRussia Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences 53 University RoadLucknow 226007India Department of Earth Sciences University of FlorenceVia G.La Pira 450121 Florenceltaly Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of New-foundlandSt.John'sNewfoundland A1B 3X5Canada

The Burma Terrane has yielded some of the earliest pieces of evidence for monsoonal rainfall in the Bay of ***,Burmese ecosystems and their potential monsoonal imprint remain poorly *** study focuses on the late Eocene Yaw Formation(23°N)in central Myanmar,which was located near the equator(c.5°N)during the *** quantitatively assessed the past vegetation,climate,and depositional environments with sporomorph diagrams,bioclimatic analysis,and sequence *** calculated the palynological diversity and drew inferences with rarefaction analysis by comparing with four other middle to late Eocene tropical *** results highlight a high floristic diversity for the palynoflora throughout the section formed by six pollen zones characterized by different *** indicate that lowland evergreen forests and swamps dominated in the Eocene Burmese deltaic plains while terra firma areas were occupied by seasonal evergreen,seasonally dry,and deciduous *** vegetation pattern is typical to what is found around the Bay of Bengal today and supports a monsoon-like climate at the time of the Yaw *** analysis further suggests that in the late Eocene,the Yaw Formation was more seasonal,drier,and cooler compared to modern-day climate at similar near-equatorial *** seasonal and drier conditions can be explained by a well-marked seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ),driver of proto-monsoonal *** temperatures in the late Eocene of central Myanmar may be due to the lack of adequate modern analogues for the Eocene monsoonal climate,while those found at other three Eocene Asian paleobotanical sites(India and South China)may be caused by the effect of canopy evapotranspirational *** data suggest that paleoenvironmental change including two transgressive-regressive depositional sequences is controlled by global sea level change,which may be driven by cl

关键词： Bioclimatic analysis Diversity Monsoon Palynology Sequence biostratigraphy Southeast Asia

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Participation of private general practitioners in disease management of malaria in Myanmar

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 71-76页

作者： Thein Tun zaw win Tun Hla Soe Tint Khin Lin Thar Tun Kyaw Moe Kyaw Myint Department of Medical Research(Upper Myanmar) AnisakhanPyin Oo Lwin 05062Mandalay DivisionMyanmar VBDC Divisional Office 35th StreetMandalayMyanmar

Objective:Myanmar has been trying to improve the disease management of malaria through public health services. The involvement of private general practitioners(GPs) is recognized as one of the key contributory issues in malaria control,but no one has yet made an attempt to study the efficiency of their *** study aimed to assess the participation of GPs in improvement of disease ***:The study was conducted with all 32 GPs practicing at three randomly selected townships with high malaria load situated in Upper Myanmar from June 2006 to March 2007 using a pretest-posttest design to assess their knowledge of the disease management prior to and after *** intervention package consisted of a one-day workshop on diagnosis and treatment of malaria and the supply of facilities for *** filled in before and after tests were compared to assess the change of knowledge after the *** and treatment practice during the study period was analysed by review of registers kept by GPs,together with a follow-up survey of their patients for the reliability of ***:An overall improvement of knowledge was observed and significant changes were apparent for three variables:the criteria for referral of severe malaria,the effect of incomplete treatment and recommended treatment of Plasmodium ***-test results showed that only 65.6%of GPs perceived microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test kits(RDTs) for confirmation of malaria necessary,while only 15.6%and 40.6%of the GPs knew the recommended treatments of falciparum and vivax malaria,respectively. However,after intervention 92%of the patients were diagnosed as malaria by RDTs and 3%by microscopy throughout the *** GPs prescribed artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACTs) to 95%of confirmed falciparum cases and treated 82.4%of RDT confirmed falciparum negatives with chloroquine and *** with our study,an international NGO,Population Service In

关键词： Malaria Myanmar Private health services Disease management Private general practitioners

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