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Participation of private general practitioners in disease management of malaria in Myanmar

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 71-76页

作者： Thein tun zaw win tun Hla Soe Tint Khin Lin Thar tun Kyaw Moe Kyaw Myint Department of Medical Research(Upper Myanmar) AnisakhanPyin Oo Lwin 05062Mandalay DivisionMyanmar VBDC Divisional Office 35th StreetMandalayMyanmar

Objective:Myanmar has been trying to improve the disease management of malaria through public health services. The involvement of private general practitioners(GPs) is recognized as one of the key contributory issues in malaria control,but no one has yet made an attempt to study the efficiency of their *** study aimed to assess the participation of GPs in improvement of disease ***:The study was conducted with all 32 GPs practicing at three randomly selected townships with high malaria load situated in Upper Myanmar from June 2006 to March 2007 using a pretest-posttest design to assess their knowledge of the disease management prior to and after *** intervention package consisted of a one-day workshop on diagnosis and treatment of malaria and the supply of facilities for *** filled in before and after tests were compared to assess the change of knowledge after the *** and treatment practice during the study period was analysed by review of registers kept by GPs,together with a follow-up survey of their patients for the reliability of ***:An overall improvement of knowledge was observed and significant changes were apparent for three variables:the criteria for referral of severe malaria,the effect of incomplete treatment and recommended treatment of Plasmodium ***-test results showed that only 65.6%of GPs perceived microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test kits(RDTs) for confirmation of malaria necessary,while only 15.6%and 40.6%of the GPs knew the recommended treatments of falciparum and vivax malaria,respectively. However,after intervention 92%of the patients were diagnosed as malaria by RDTs and 3%by microscopy throughout the *** GPs prescribed artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACTs) to 95%of confirmed falciparum cases and treated 82.4%of RDT confirmed falciparum negatives with chloroquine and *** with our study,an international NGO,Population Service In

关键词： Malaria Myanmar Private health services Disease management Private general practitioners

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Hepatitis C virus therapy with peg-interferon and ribavirin in Myanmar: A resource-constrained country

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第43期22卷 9613-9622页

作者： Naomi Khaing Than Hlaing Debolina Banerjee Robert Mitrani Soe Htet Arker Kyaw San win Nyan Lin tun zaw Thant Khin Maung win K Rajender Reddy Department of Hepatology Mandalay General Hospital Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Pennsylvania

AIM To investigate peg-interferon(peg-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) therapy in Myanmar and to predict sustained virologic response(SVR).METHODS This single-center, open-label, study was conducted in Myanmar between 2009 and 2014. A total of 288 patients infected with HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 6 were treated with peg-IFN alpha-2a(180 μg/wk) or alpha-2b(50 to 100 μg as a weight-based dose) and RBV as a weight-based dose(15 mg/kg/d). Treatment duration was 48 wk for genotypes 1 and 6, 24 wk for genotype 2, and 24 or 48 wk for genotype 3 based on rapid virologic response(RVR). Those co-infected with hepatitis B received 48 wk of *** Overall, SVR was achieved for 82% of patients and the therapy was well tolerated. All patients achieved SVR at equivalent rates regardless of HCV genotype(P = 0.314). Low fibrosis scores(P 96% positive predictive value for achieving SVR. Treatment duration did not significantly impact the likelihood of achieving SVR for patients infected with genotype 3 HCV(P = 0.371). The most common adverse events were fatigue(71%) and poor appetite(60%). Among patients with genotype 3 HCV, more patients in the 48-wk treatment group required erythropoietin than in the 24-wk treatment group(61.1% vs 49.2%).CONCLUSION SVR rates were high with peg-IFN and RBV therapy in Myanmar. Fibrosis scores, baseline albumin, HCV RNA levels and RVR independently predicted SVR.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Pegylated-interferon Ribavirin Sustained virologic response Rapid virologic response

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Study on the Establishment of Demonstration Site for Peatland Conservation through Integrated Management and Sustainable Utilization of Non-timber Forest Products(NTFPs)

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2024年第2期14卷 93-106页

作者： Sann Lwin Mya win Myint Myint Khaing Tin Maung Htun Soe Min Ye Wunna Soe Forest Resource Environment Development and Conservation Association(FREDA)

A participatory action research was conducted in 2022,with the“Establishment of Demonstration Site for Peatland Conservation through Integrated Management and Sustainable Utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products(NTFPs)”to give recommendation on the development of guidelines on Sustainable Utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products(NTFPs)and peatland *** to the peat soil assessment,it was found that peat soil content was very low and top soil was thin under the mangrove forest,and Payena paralleloneura-Kan zaw bearing forest in March *** material might be pressed by trespasser to collect Kan zaw seed,to conduct horticulture and mining near the Kan zaw bearing forest,or organic material might be damaged by burning with controlled fire in the previous years,under Kan zaw trees to collect *** material might have been carried to the downwards with running water due to the heavy rainfall,with 4,700 mm/*** forest and Kan zaw bearing evergreen forest can be assumed as“the major source of coastal peatland formation,with peat deposits eroded seawards”.It is assumed that the organic material will accumulate on top of the sands and it will lead to the formation of the peatland at coastal *** can be assumed that the accumulation of organic material found in mangrove forest and evergreen forests will promote the soil carbon storage,if we can adopt the ASEAN Policy on Zero Burning,which reflect ASEAN's commitment to controlling fires and haze,offering techniques,benefits,requirements,and challenges for implementing zero burning practices[1].Sustainable utilization of NTFP including peat and Kan zaw-Payena paralleloneura Kurz seed was studied at demonstration sites,and it is recommended to make a trial on silvicultural system at mangrove forest and apply suitable silvicultural system such as Clear-Felling(in blocks or in alternate strips)system,Selection System,and Shelter Wood System to ensure the sustainable utilization of NTFP

关键词： Silvicultural system mangrove forest moist evergreen forest peat soil Kan zaw-Payena paralleloneura Kurz seed

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Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, antiglycation and antimicrobial potential of indigenous Myanmar medicinal plants

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第5期16卷 358-366页

作者： The Su Moe Htet Htet win Thin Thin Hlaing War War Lwin zaw Min Htet Khin Mar Mya Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory Biotechnology Research DepartmentMinistry of EducationMandalay Division Department of Research and Innovation (DRI) Ministry of Education Cell Culture Laboratory Biotechnology Research DepartmentMinistry of EducationMandalay Division

Objective： Myanmar has a long history of using medicinal plants for treatment of various diseases. To the best of our knowledge there are no previous reports on antiglycation activities of medicinal plants from Myanmar. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antiglycation and antimicrobial properties of 20 ethanolic extracts from 17 medicinal plants indigenous to Myanmar. Methods： In vitro scavenging assays of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）, nitric oxide （NO）, superoxide （SO） radicals were used to determine the antioxidant activities. Folin-Ciocalteu＇s method was performed to determine the total phenolic content. Antiglycation and antimicrobial activities were detected by bovine serum albumin-fluorescent assay and agar well diffusion method. Results： Terminalia cbebula Retz. （Fruit）, containing the highest total phenolic content, showed high antioxidant activities with inhibition of 77.98% ± 0.92% 88.95% ± 2.42%, 88.56% ±1.87% and 70.74% ±2.57% for DPPH, NO, SO assays and antiglycation activity respectively. It also showed the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with inhibition zone of 19, 18, 17, 25 and 15 ram, respectively. Garcinia mangostana Linn. showed the strongest activities for SO and antiglycation assays with inhibition of 93.68% ± 2.63% and 82.37%± 1.78%. Bark of Melia sp. was the best NO radical scavenger with inhibition rate of 89.39%± 0.60%. Conclusion： The results suggest that these plants are potential sources of antioxidants with free radical-scavenging and antiglycation activities and could be useful for decreasing the oxidative stress and glycation end-product formation in glycation-related diseases.

关键词： Medicinal plants Antiglycation Antioxidant2,2 -Diphenyl-1 -picrylhydrazyl Nitric oxide Superoxide Antimicrobial agents

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Five newly recorded Cyprinid fish (Teleostei： Cypriniformes) in Myanmar

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Zoological Research 2017年第5期38卷 300-309页

作者： Tao Qin Zhi-Ying Chen Lu-Lu Xu Paing zaw Yunn Mi Mi Kyaw Kyaw win Maung Xiao-Yong Chen Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Kunming Collage of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650204 China Forest Research Institute Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar

Freshwater fish from the Putao and Myitkyina areas were collected in three ichthyofaunal surveys of the Mall Hka River and tributaries in and around Khakaborazi National Park and Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, Kachin State, from 2014-2016. Tor yingjiangensis Chen et Yang 2004, Tor qiaojiensis Wu et al. 1977, Garra qiaojiensis Wu et al. 1977, Garra bispinosa Zhang 2005, and Schizothorax oligolepis Huang 1985, originally described from the upper Irrawaddy （Ayeyarwaddy） River in China, are first reported herein as new records to Myanmar. Counts, measurements, descriptions, photographs, and distributions of the specimens of the five newly recorded species are provided.

关键词： New record Cyprinidae Mali Hka River Irrawaddy Myanmar

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Measurement Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate in Human Body Exposed to a Base Station Antenna by Using Finite Difference Time Domain Techniques

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Semiconductor Science and Information Devices 2021年第2期3卷 17-26页

作者： Hla Myo tun Khin Kyu Kyu win zaw Min Naing Devasis Pradhan Prasanna Kumar Sahu Department of Electronic Engineering Yangon Technological UniversityInsein TownshipRepublic of the Union of Myanmar Department of Research and Innovation Ministry of EducationBahan TownshipRepublic of the Union of Myanmar Department of Electronics&Communication Engineering Acharya Institute of TechnologyBengaluruIndia Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyRourkelaOdishaIndia

The system analysis of specific absorption rate(SAR)in human body exposed to a base station antenna by using finite difference time domain techniques was presented in this research *** objectives of this work are to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about SAR among human body and mobile base *** paper investigates the electromagnetic wave absorption inside a human *** human body has been identified using dataset based on 2D object considering different electrical *** SAR convinced inside the human body model exposed to a radiating base station antenna(BSA)has been considered for multiple numbers of carrier frequencies and input power of 20 W/carrier at GSM 900 *** distance(R)of human body from BSA is varied in the range of 0.1 m to 5.0 *** the number of carrier frequency equal to one and R=0.1 m,the concentrated value of whole-body average SAR obtained by FDTD technique is found to be 0.68 W/kg which decreases either with increase of R or decrease of number of carrier *** distance for general public is found to be 1.5 m for number of carrier frequencies equal to *** performance accuracy of this analysis meets the high level condition by comparing with the relevant system development in recent time.

关键词： Specific Absorption Rate(SAR) Electromagnetic wave Mobile basic station Public health safety RF waves

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Study on the Cultivation of <i>Agaricus blazei</i>(Almond Mushroom) Grown on Compost Mixed with Selected Agro-Residues

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Advances in Microbiology 2018年第10期8卷 778-789页

作者： tun tun win Shoji Ohga Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

The Agaricus blazei strain (KUMB 1221) from Forest Production Control Laboratory, Kyushu University was grown on the basal media of compost mixed with selected agro-residues (sawdust, woodchips and corncob) in the ratio of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (by weight). The data was collected on the colony diameter of mycelial growth, days required for spawn run (colonization), days required for primordial formation, whiteness measurement, days required for fruit body formation, number, size and fresh weight of mushrooms, biological efficiency (BE) and mushroom production (MP). It was observed that the mycelial growth showed two types of mycelia according the level of mycelial density;compact (C) and somewhat compact (SC). The fastest spawn run (17 days) was found in woodchips (50%) among all the different treatments while the least spawn run took 26 days in corncob (75%). Sawdust substrates promoted longer days for primordial formation and fruit body development, if compared with woodchips substrates and corncob substrates. With regard to yield, 100%, 75% and 50% mixture with compost were superior to 25% mixture with compost in each group of selected agro-residues and it indicated that adding more compost gave the increased yield. Interestingly, it was noted that mushroom size on compost (100%) was double to the mushroom size of other treatments. In conclusion, it was clearly showed that compost (100%), woodchips (25%) and corncob (25%) could produce better yields among all treatments, and it was also possible to obtain acceptable yields of good quality almond mushroom using main substrates of compost mixed with different agro-residues at various concentrations.

关键词： Agaricus blazei Mushroom Cultivation Agro-Residues Compost Substrate

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Contributions to the flora of Myanmar from 2000 to 2019

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 292-301页

作者： Bin Yang Min Deng Ming-Xia Zhang Aung zaw Moe Hong-Bo Ding Mya Bhone Maw Pyae Pyae win Richard TCorlett Yun-Hong Tan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan666303PR China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan666303PR China School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan650091PR China Forest Research Institute Forest DepartmentMinistry of Environmental Conservation and ForestryYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar

Myanmar is botanically rich and floristically diverse:one of the world's biodiversity ***,Myanmar is still very unevenly explored,and until a plant checklist was published in 2003,relatively little work was done on its *** checklist included 11,800 species of spermatophytes in 273 *** this checklist was published,the botanical exploration of Myanmar has accelerated and there have been many additional *** therefore surveyed the literature of taxonomic contributions to Myanmar’s vascular flora over the last 20 years(2000e2019)and compiled a list of new and newly described *** list includes 13 genera,193 species,7 subspecies,19 varieties,and 2 forms new to science;and 3 families,34 genera,347 species,4 subspecies,7 varieties,and 1 form newly recorded in ***,they represent 91 families and 320 *** of the new discoveries belong to 15 families,with more than 25%(146 taxa)belonging to *** new discoveries are unevenly distributed in the country,with about 41%of the newly discovered species described from Kachin State in northeast *** reflects the incompleteness of our current knowledge of the flora of Myanmar and the urgent need for a greatly expanded *** completion of the flora of Myanmar requires more fieldwork from north to south,taxonomic studies on new and existing collections,and some mechanism that both coordinates the efforts of various international institutions and initiatives and encourages continued international *** addition,producing modern taxonomic treatments of the flora of Myanmar requires the participation of experts on all vascular plant families and *** is also an urgent need to attract young scientists to plant taxonomy,to work on inventories,identification,nomenclature,herbarium work,and comparative studies.

关键词： Flora New species Taxonomy Plant diversity Specimens

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Identification of <i>JAK2</i>(V617F) Mutation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms by Using Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR)

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2020年第4期10卷 273-282页

作者： Khin La Pyae tun Aung zaw Latt win Pa Pa Naing San San Htwe Yamin Ko Ko win win Mar San Yu Hlaing Wai Wai Han Sein win Department of Medical Research Yangon Myanmar Department of Clinical Haematology Yangon General Hospital Ministry of Health and Sports Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by the proliferation of one or more myeloid cell lineages. According to WHO classification, the Janus associated kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation is one of the major diagnostic criteria in BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. The aim of this study is to detect the JAK2 (V617F) mutation in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms to get accurate diagnosis and proper management. A total of 90 clinically diagnosed MPN patients attending to Department of Clinical Haematology, Yangon General Hospital were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 53.4 ± 14 years which ranged from 16 to 81 years old and male and female ratio was 2.4:1. The identification of JAK2 (V617F) point mutation was found to be positive in 44/90 MPN patients (48.9%). According to MPN subtypes, the JAK2 mutation positivity was found in 19 out of 46 polycythemia vera patients (41.3%), 17 out of 25 essential thrombocythemia patients (68%), 8 out of 15 primary myelofibrosis patients (53.3%), 0 of 4 others myeloproliferative neoplasms (0%). Confirmation of each of nine JAK2 mutation positive and negative samples was done by Sanger sequencing. The arterial or venous thrombotic attack was found in 32/44 JAK2 mutation positive cases (72.7%) and 12/44 JAK2 mutation negative cases (27.3%). The association between thrombotic attack and presence of JAK2 mutation was statistically significance with p = 0.000. The diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms mainly relies on the molecular genetics according to WHO classification. The Allele specific PCR reaction is sensitive, simple test and relatively cost-effective. Therefore, the identification of JAK2 (V617F) somatic point mutation by AS-PCR should be implemented as

关键词： Myeloproliferative Neoplasms JAK2 (V617F) Allele-Specific PCR

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The contribution of a non-governmental organisation’s Community Based Tuberculosis Care Programme to case finding in Myanmar:trend over time

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 449-454页

作者： Htet Myet win Maung Saw Saw Petros Isaakidis Mohammed Khogali Anthony Reid Nguyen Binh Hoa Ko Ko zaw Saw Thein Si Thu Aung National Tuberculosis Programme Ministry of Health and SportsZabuthiri townshipPostcode 15011 Nay Pyi TawMyanmar Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and SportsYangonMyanmar Medecins Sans Frontieres Operational Research UnitMSF-LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg National Tuberculosis Programme HanoiVietnam Centre for Operational Research International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFrance

Background:It is estimated that the standard,passive case finding(PCF)strategy for detecting cases of tuberculosis(TB)in Myanmar has not been successful:26%of cases are ***,alternative strategies,such as active case finding(ACF)by community volunteers,have been initiated since *** study aimed to assess the contribution of a Community Based TB Care Programme(CBTC)by local non-government organizations(NGOs)to TB case finding in Myanmar over 4 ***:This was a descriptive study using routine,monitoring *** data from the NGOs were sent to a central registry within the National TB Programme and data for this study were extracted from that *** from all 84 project townships in five regions and three states in Myanmar were *** project was launched in ***:Over time,the number of presumptive TB cases that were referred decreased,except in the Yangon Region,although in some areas,the numbers *** the same time,there was a trend for the proportion of cases treated,compared to those referred,that decreased over time(P=0.051).Overall,among 84 townships,the contribution of CBTC to total case detection deceased from 6%to 4%over time(P<0.001).Conclusions:Contrary to expectations and evidence from previous studies in other countries,a concerning reduction in TB case finding by local NGO volunteer networks in several areas in Myanmar was recorded over 4 *** suggests that measures to support the volunteer network and improve its performance are *** may include discussion with local NGOs human resources personnel,incentives for the volunteers,closer supervision of volunteers and improved monitoring and evaluation tools.

关键词： Operational research Community based tuberculosis care Contribution SORT IT

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