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The Influence of Seasonal Changes and Headwaters on Physico-chemical Dynamics of Temengor Reservoir, Malaysia

湿地科学 2011年第4期9卷 314-321页

作者： zarul hazrin hashim Asmah Patiroi Mashhor Mansor Shahrul Anuar Md. Sah Donald C. Jackson School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University

A study on physico-chemical dynamics of Temengor Reservoir was conducted to determine whether headwaters and seasonal changes play a major role in regulating physico-chemical dynamics of Temengor Reservoir. Temengor Reservoir receives water from its surrounding water catchments and headwaters. Then, the water flows into a series of hydroelectric dams, namely the Bersia, Kenering and Chenderoh dams. Generally, water quality in Temengor Reservoir can be classified as Class I. Physico-chemical trends showed that water quality in euphotic zone of Temengor Reservoir is stable and consistent. Two-way ANOVA analyses showed that seasonal variations only affected water temperature, Secchi disc's depth and nitrate-nitrogen. Based on Tukey's post-hoc test, all three headwaters in this study exert no influence to the reservoir's water quality. These insignificant differences were probably due to water temperature and the size of the headwaters and the reservoir itself. In situ parameters profiling showed that the epilimnion zone in Temengor Reservoir is from the surface to 6 m depth, the metalimnion zone is from 6 m to 12 m depth and the hypolimnion zone is from 12 m depth onwards to the bottom of the reservoir. Thus, continuous water profiling monitoring that covers high and low water levels need to be conducted to determine characteristics of the physico-chemical dynamics in the water column and also to analyse changes in reservoir layers. Through these studies, discontinuity trends in the Perak River could be determined and suggestions to the respective agencies could be made to conserve and to sustain downstream biodiversity.

关键词：湿地物理化学季节变化研究分析

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The Recovery of Two Long-logged Headwaters in Temengor Reservoir,Perak,Malaysia

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湿地科学 2011年第2期9卷 140-150页

作者： zarul hazrin hashim Amir Shah Ruddin Md Shah Khoo Khay Huat Shahrul Anuar Md.Sah Mashhor Mansor School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USM Pulau PinangMalaysia

A study on water quality of the two long-logged and abandoned headwaters in Temengor Reservoir was conducted to determine their natural *** this study,we used National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia prepared by Malaysian Department of Environment as an indicator for water quality *** parameters measured were dissolved oxygen（mg/L）,water temperature（℃）,pH,conductivity（mS/cm）,total dissolved solids（mg/ L）,water velocity（m/s）,ortho-phosphate（PO4-P）,nitrite-nitrogen（NO2-N）,nitrate-nitrogen（NO3,-N）and alkalinity. In general,water quality in Sungai Enam and Sungai Telang were in ClassⅠ,indicating water quality in both streams have *** on the t-test,Sungai Enam and Sungai Telang differed significantly in all parameters except for dissolved oxygen,NO2-N and *** spatial analyses（upper,middle and lower reaches comparisons）, the two-way ANOVA analysis shows that there were significant differences in all studied parameters between the two rivers except for dissolved oxygen,total dissolved solids,NO2-N and *** flow,hydrologic pathways,geomorphology,physical and environmental characteristics are essential elements in understanding the dynamics of water systems in Sungai Enam and Sungai *** to the recovery,these two headwaters are thus suitable for fish conservation and restoration sites.

关键词： water quality Temengor Reservoir hydrology nutrient headwaters

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Ambient Air Pollution and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Malaysia

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Health 2018年第12期10卷 1634-1649页

作者： Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip Tee Guat Hiong Stefanie Ebelt Sarnat Mohd hazrin hashim Noor Aliza Lodz Sayan Pan Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir Asmah Razali Center for Communicable Disease Research Institute for Public Health Ministry of Health Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Environmental Health Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA USA Food Safety Division Perlis State Health Department Kangar Malaysia Institute of Climate Change Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia TB Sector Disease Control Division Ministry of Health Malaysia Federal Government Administration Centre Putrajaya Malaysia

Introduction: The possible impact of ambient air pollution exposure on the development of active tuberculosis (TB) remains obscure. This study investigated the potential role of ambient air pollution in activating pulmonary TB (PTB) compared to extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Materials and Methods: Data on TB cases were obtained from national surveillance data in Malaysia during 2013 and air pollution data were obtained from 52 air-monitoring stations around the country for the 3-year period of 2011-2013. Analyses were performed to estimate the odds of PTB vs. EPTB with changes in the 3-year (2011-2013) average Air Pollutant Index (API) and specific ambient air pollutants. Results: Results showed that the 95th-percentile of API levels during 2011-2013 was moderate and it was not associated with PTB. However, the odds of active PTB compared to EPTB was significantly elevated with the 95th-percentile levels for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (aOR = 1.006, 95% CI: 1.002, 1.011), p-value Conclusions: These results provide suggestive evidence of the effects of ambient air pollution on development of active pulmonary TB compared to extrapulmonary TB. Additional research on the impacts of ambient air pollution on TB is warranted.

关键词： Ambient Air Pollution Air Pollutant Index Pulmonary TB Malaysia

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