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Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Attending Health Facilities in the City of Bulawayo, 2012

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2018年第3期8卷 153-163页

作者： Munekayi Padingani Gladys Marape zanele hwalima Notion Gombe Ms T. Juru Department of Community Medicine University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe City Health Department Bulawayo City Council Bulawayo Zimbabwe

Introduction: In Zimbabwe, where cervical cancer is the leading female malignancy, no systematic cervical screening program has been introduced. However, selective or opportunistic screening has been performed since the late 1980s. The Ministry of Health and Child Care is relying on screening, which allows early detection of pre-cancerous cells and diagnosis at early stages but many women are not going for the test and no studies have been done to find out why. This study investigated the women’s perception about cervical cancer and its screening using health belief model (HBM) in Bulawayo, where they are two new screening clinics. Methods: We conducted an analytic cross-sectional study. Women from 18 years and above attending health facilities were included in the study. Interviewer administrated questionnaire was used to determine the proportion of screened women and elicit their perception about cervical cancer and its screening. Epi-info version 3.3.2 was used to do bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Two hundred women were recruited into the study. The proportion of women who had cervical cancer screening was 52 (26%). Pap smear only had 35 (17.5%) had VIAC only, 13 (6.5%) and Pap smear and VIAC had 4 (2%). Knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening was poor among participants. In multivariate analysis, awareness of cervical cancer screening [adjusted OR 42.05 (95% CI 5.63 - 314.04)] was associated with the uptake of cervical cancer screening and perceiving that having multiple sexual partners[adjusted OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.12 - 0.88)] was independently associated to the uptake of cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that lack of awareness of cervical cancer screening is a barrier to the uptake of the screening. Perceiving multiple sexual partners was associated to the uptake of cervical cancer screening. It is therefore necessary to increase awareness in Bulawayo City and educate the community about other risk factors.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Screening VIAC Pap Smear Bulawayo City

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Evaluation of Perinatal Mortality Surveillance System in the City of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第2期11卷 124-134页

作者： Munekayi Padingani Gladys Marape zanele hwalima Lucia Takundwa Notion Gombe Gerald Shambira Tsitsi Juru Mufuta Tshimanga Department of Community Medicine University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe City Health Department Bulawayo City Councils Bulawayo Zimbabwe African Field Epidemiology Network Kampala Uganda

Background: In Zimbabwe, the perinatal mortality surveillance system is based on passive reporting of perinatal deaths using the perinatal death notification forms. Mpilo hospital recorded 74 perinatal deaths from January to September. No death was reported to the city and no perinatal mortality forms were found at the health information section. We aimed to assess the performance of perinatal mortality surveillance system in Bulawayo city. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in all the maternity centres in Bulawayo City in 2011 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. We used interviewer-administrated questionnaires to collect data. We used a checklist to assess availability of resources. Perinatal death notification forms were reviewed. Results: We interviewed 67 workers. Knowledge on the system was poor. Eight (12%) were trained in IDSR (Integrated Disease Surveillance Response) and three (4.5%) were inducted on the perinatal mortality surveillance system. Sixty-one (91%) regarded the system as useful. City and private maternity centres were not notifying perinatal deaths due to lack of forms. In central hospitals, delay in notification was due to workload and shortage of trained staff. Conclusion: Poor knowledge on the system, lack of induction and trained staff could have contributed to the non-performance of the system in the City of Bulawayo. Most participants reported the system as useful. Lack of documentation made it difficult to follow up on actions plans.

关键词： Evaluation Perinatal Mortality Surveillance System Maternity Centres Bulawayo City Zimbabwe

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Enhancing Coordination for Effective Management of Oil Spill Pollution in South Africa

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 12-24页

作者： Phindile Tiyiselani zanele Sabela-Rikhotso Dewald van Niekerk Livhuwani David Nemakonde African Centre for Disaster Studies North-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2531South Africa

Although multi-sectoral coordination in disaster risk management has been progressing in South Africa for over two decades,there has been limited commitment to an integrated regime in managing marine oil spill *** incident management persists despite the availability of data,protocols,legislation,and resources housed in different government and private sector *** study identified practices that enhance a coordination process for the effective management of oil spill pollution.A grounded theory approach is applied to the coordination issue,which is characterized by an interactive process of simultaneously considering theoretical grounding during our empirical *** evidence includes observations of 47meetings and three oil spill exercises with 79 delegates from 32 different organizations,which supports the coordination process of instituting a national Incident Management System for marine oil spills in South *** additional 44 individual open-ended questionnaires supplement this earlier body of evidence for data triangulation and *** of development of the Incident Management System process revealed that,when designing a novel long-term project that is reliant on a shared vision from multiple organizations,enhanced coordination and collaboration for successful implementation is dependent on the following practices:(1)obtaining political commitment,(2)bridging knowledge gaps,and(3)sharing resources.

关键词： Government-industry cooperation Incident management system Marine oil spills Operation Phakisa South Africa

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Comparison of two remote sensing models for estimating evapotranspiration: algorithm evaluation and application in seasonally arid ecosystems in South Africa

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第4期11卷 495-512页

作者： Sebinasi DZIKITI Nebo Z JOVANOVIC Richard DH BUGAN Abel RAMOELO Nobuhle P MAJOZI Alecia NICKLESS Moses A CHO David C LE MAITRE zanele NTSHIDI Harrison H PIENAAR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Natural Resources and Environment

Remote sensing tools are becoming increasingly important for providing spatial information on water use by different ecosystems. Despite significant advances in remote sensing based evapotranspiration(ET) models in recent years, important information gaps still exist on the accuracy of the models particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. In this study, we evaluated the Penman-Monteith based MOD16 and the modified Priestley-Taylor(PT-JPL) models at the daily time step against three measured ET datasets. We used data from two summer and one winter rainfall sites in South Africa. One site was dominated by native broad leaf and the other by fine leafed deciduous savanna tree species and C4 grasses. The third site was in the winter rainfall Cape region and had shrubby fynbos vegetation. Actual ET was measured using open-path eddy covariance systems at the summer rainfall sites while a surface energy balance system utilizing the large aperture boundary layer scintillometer was used in the Cape. Model performance varied between sites and between years with the worst estimates(R20.80 mm/d) observed during years with prolonged mid-summer dry spells in the summer rainfall areas. Sensitivity tests on MOD16 showed that the leaf area index, surface conductance and radiation budget parameters had the largest effect on simulated ET. MOD16 ET predictions were improved by:(1) reformulating the emissivity expressions in the net radiation equation;(2) incorporating representative surface conductance values;and(3) including a soil moisture stress function in the transpiration sub-model. Implementing these changes increased the accuracy of MOD16 daily ET predictions at all sites. However, similar adjustments to the PT-JPL model yielded minimal improvements. We conclude that the MOD16 ET model has the potential to accurately predict water use in arid environments provided soil water stress and accurate biome-specific parameters are incorporated.

关键词： MOD16 ET drought stress model validation Penman-Monteith Priestley-Taylor sensitivity analysis

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鸟儿为何在黎明歌唱？

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英语画刊(初中版) 2021年第1期 26-27页

作者： zanele Dlamini Joseph Kiugu

你有没有想过,鸟儿为何总是在黎明时分歌唱呢?很久以前,在乐土王国的森林里,鸟儿与树可以互相交谈。那儿有一个鸟儿家庭,家里有三个孩子:小蓝、小粉和小黄。他们都住在一棵叫做曼曼戈的智慧大树上。小鸟妈妈的嗓音很好听!她会早早起来... 详细信息

你有没有想过,鸟儿为何总是在黎明时分歌唱呢?很久以前,在乐土王国的森林里,鸟儿与树可以互相交谈。那儿有一个鸟儿家庭,家里有三个孩子:小蓝、小粉和小黄。他们都住在一棵叫做曼曼戈的智慧大树上。小鸟妈妈的嗓音很好听!她会早早起来唱歌。但是干旱开始侵袭这片土地。

关键词：黎明小黄乐土

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Mid-Term Review of the Care Group Model Used in Five Pilot Districts in Zimbabwe

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Journal of Health Science 2019年第6期7卷 362-374页

作者： Zephenia Gomora Rutendo Kandawasvika Ruth Machaka zanele Moyo Tapiwa Magaisa Isheunesu Matimbira Tarusenga Huturume Calvine Matsinde Handrea Njovo Mathieu Joyeux UNICEF Zimbabwe 6 Fairbridge AvenueBelgraviaHarareZimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care PO Box CY1122CausewayHarareZimbabwe Nutrition Action Zimbabwe 21 Giraffe CrescentBorrowdale WestHarareZimbabwe

Stunting has remained the nutrition condition of public health concern affecting one in three children under the five years *** of stunting are multiple and poor infant and young child feeding(IYCF)practices are among the top factors associated with *** indicators in Zimbabwe are not performing very well with 61%of children 0 to 5 months being exclusively breastfed,and only 7%of children 6 to 23 months receiving minimum acceptable diet(MAD).The care group approach been piloted in 5 districts to promote and influence behaviour change towards uptake of optimal IYCF *** paper assesses progress made in the implementation of the approach after six months of *** show that implementation of the care group approach,with appropriate coordination structures at community level,yields considerable improvement in health,IYCF,and water and sanitation hygiene(WASH)behaviours and *** level initiatives like income generating activities,food production,and cooking demonstrations are proving to be the sustainability pillars for the care group ***,with proper leadership and coordination,care groups help to affect behaviour change in improving the health,nutrition and caring practices for children.

关键词： Care group stunting behavior sustainability IYCF

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