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Complementary effect of zoo compost with mineral nitrogen fertilisation increases wheat yield and nutrition in a low-nutrient soil

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 339-347页

作者： muhammad S.A.KHAN Lynette K.ABBOTT zakaria m.solaiman Peter R.mAWSON Ian S.WAITE Sasha N.JENKINS School of Agriculture and Environment Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia Perth Zoo Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsPerth WA 6151Australia Agricultural Officer(Headquarters) DirectorateSoil Fertility Research InstituteAgriculture DepartmentGovernment of the PunjabLahore 53700Pakistan

Excess nitrogen(N) fertiliser use in agriculture is associated with water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.While practices and programs to reduce N fertiliser application continue to be developed,inefficient fertiliser use persists.Practices that reduce mineral N fertiliser application are needed in a sustainable agricultural ecosystem to control leaching and gaseous losses for environmental management.This study evaluated whether fully or partially replacing mineral N fertiliser with zoo compost(Perth Zoo) could be a good mitigation strategy to reduce mineral N fertiliser application without affecting wheat yield and nutrition.To achieve this,a glasshouse experiment was conducted to assess the complementary effect of zoo compost and mineral N fertiliser on wheat yield and nutrition in a sandy soil of southwestern Australia.Additionally,a chlorophyll meter was used to determine whether there was a correlation between chlorophyll content and soil mineral N content,grain N uptake,and grain protein content at the tillering(42 d after sowing(DAS)) and heading(63 DAS) growth stages.The standard practice for N application for this soil type in this area,100 kg ha^(-1),was used with a soil bulk density of 1.3 g cm^(-3) to calculate the amount of mineral N(urea,46% N) and Perth Zoo compost(ZC)(0.69% N) for each treatment.Treatments comprised a control(no nutrients added,T1),mineral N only(100 kg N ha^(-1),T2),ZC only(100 kg N ha^(-1),T7),and combinations of mineral N and ZC at different rates(mineral N at 100 kg N ha^(-1)+ ZC at 25 kg N ha^(-1)(T3),mineral N at 75 kg N ha^(-1)+ ZC at 25 kg N ha^(-1)(T4),mineral N at 75 kg N ha^(-1)+ ZC at 50 kg N ha^(-1)(T5),and mineral N at 50 kg N ha^(-1)+ ZC at 50 kg N ha^(-1)(T6)).The T6 treatment significantly increased grain yield(by 26%) relative to the T2 treatment.However,the T7 treatment did not affect grain yield when compared to the T2 treatment.All treatments with mineral N and ZC in combination significantly improved the 1 000-grain weight compared to the T2 treatment

关键词： chlorophyll meter SPAD measurement integrated nutrient management nitrogen use efficiency reduced N fertiliser application wheat yield

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Application of Biochars for Soil Constraints:Challenges and Solutions

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 631-638页

作者： zakaria m.solaiman Hossain m.ANAWAR Soil Biology and molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087) and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia School of Earth and Environment (m087) and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia

Biochar addition to soil is currently being considered as a means to sequester carbon while simultaneously improving soil health,soil fertility and agronomic benefits. The focus of this special issue is on current research on the effects of biochar application to soil for overcoming diverse soil constraints and recommending further research relating to biochar application to soil. The biochar research has progressed considerably with important key findings on agronomic benefits, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, soil acidity, soil fertility, soil health, soil salinity, etc., but more research is required before definitive recommendations can be made to end-users regarding the effects of biochar application across a range of soils, climates and land management practices.

关键词：土壤健康生物炭应用二氧化碳土壤肥力土壤影响温室气体土壤酸化

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Biochar:An Emerging Panacea for Remediation of Soil Contaminants from mining,Industry and Sewage Wastes

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 654-665页

作者： Hossain m.ANAWAR Farjana AKTER zakaria m.solaiman Vladimir STREZOV School of Earth and Environment (m087) and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie University

mine tailings, waste rock piles, acid mine drainage, industrial wastewater, and sewage sludge have contaminated a vast area of cultivable and fallow lands, with a consequence of deterioration of soil and water quality and watercourses due to the erosion of contaminated soils for absence of vegetative cover. High concentrations of toxic elements, organic contaminants, acidic soils, and harsh climatic conditions have made it difficult to re-establish vegetation and produce crops there. Recently, a significant body of work has focussed on the suitability and potentiality of biochar as a soil remediation tool that increases seed emergence, soil and crop productivity, above ground biomass, and vegetation cover on mine tailings, waste rock piles, and industrial and sewage wastecontaminated soils by increasing soil nutrients and water-holding capacity, amelioration of soil acidity, and stimulation of microbial diversity and functions. This review addresses: i) the functional properties of biochar, and microbial cycling of nutrients in soil; ii)bioremediation, especially phytoremediation of mine tailings, industrial waste, sewage sludge, and contaminated soil using biochar; iii)impact of biochar on reduction of acid production, acid mine drainage treatment, and geochemical dynamics in mine tailings; and iv)treatment of metal and organic contaminants in soils using biochar, and restoration of degraded land.

关键词：土壤污染物工业废水污水污泥生物炭酸性矿山废水地球化学动力学有机污染物采矿

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Humus-Rich Compost Increases Lettuce Growth, Nutrient Uptake, mycorrhizal Colonisation, and Soil Fertility

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Pedosphere 2019年第2期29卷 170-179页

作者： zakaria m.solaiman Hongjun YANG Deb ARCHDEACON Orna TIPPETT michaela TIBI Andrew S.WHITELEY SoilsWest UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and the UWA Institute of Agriculture Faculty of Science The University of Western Australia College of Resources and Environment Southwest University C-Wise

Sandy soils, typical of Australia's west, either have little or no habitat protection for microbes including arbuscular mycorrhizal(Am) fungi, which are essential for nutrient cycling. To minimize this problem, the application of organic matter, such as humus-rich composts, is necessary during vegetable crop production. This study aimed at determining the effects of humus-rich composts on either indigenous or inoculated Am fungal colonisation in roots, lettuce(Lactuca sativa L. var. Quechua) growth, and soil fertility improvement. Four different humus-rich composts with varying humus contents were applied at the same standard rate to lettuce grown under glasshouse conditions for 10 weeks after sowing and compared with two low-humus composts and non-amended soil(control). Humus-rich composts significantly increased lettuce shoot growth, root growth, and Am fungal colonisation in roots. Humus contents in the composts were also correlated with lettuce shoot and root growth. Soil dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and fertility were increased with the application of humus-rich composts. These humus-rich composts, especially the compost of higher humic acid with and without Am inoculation, might have a significant role in sustainable vegetable production, for example lettuce growth. Overall, the results indicate that supplementation with humus-rich compost is highly beneficial to enhance soil fertility and potentially maintain the sustainability of vegetable production.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi humus nitrogen phosphorus vegetable production

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Influences of Biochar and Biochar-mineral Complex on mycorrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： Paul BLACKWELL Stephen JOSEPH Paul mUNROE Hossain m.ANAWAR Paul STORER Robert J.GILKES zakaria m.solaiman Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle University of Wollongong School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Australian mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biology and molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The high price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil amendment have encouraged the exploration of using biochar in fertiliser replacement formulations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil biological fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative influences of biochars, including Acacia saligna(AS), Simcoa jarrah(SJ) and Wundowie jarrah(WJ), mineral fertiliser with microbes(mF + m), biochar-mineral complex(BmC) and their combination on mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat in a glasshouse experiment and sorghum in field conditions. BmC + mF +m treatment produced higher mycorrhizal colonisation than mF + m alone, indicating that BmC had a significant role in increasing mycorrhizal colonisation. SJ(treated with acetic acid) and mF + m treatments, as well as AS + mF + m application, showed similar effects on mycorrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the BmC + mF + m treatment. Overall, the BmC + mF + m treatment supported the maximum shoot, root and total plant dry weight followed by AS + mF + m and WJ + mF + m. The mF+ m treatment had the maximum shoot N and K concentrations, while BmC + mF + m application had the maximum shoot P concentration. AS + mF + m and WJ + mF + m treatments supported the maximum N uptake by wheat shoots, while BmC + mF+ m supported the maximum P uptake. The results showed that biochars and BmCs could increase mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experiment confirmed that BmC application at a rate of 300 kg ha-1could increase the yield of irrigated sorghum on a loam soil and provide better applied P use efficiency compared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fertilisers might increase the resilience and sustainability of d

关键词：生物矿物小麦生长生物炭菌根营养高粱复合物可持续发展能力

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Effects of Enriched Biochars Containing magnetic Iron Nanoparticles on mycorrhizal Colonisation,Plant Growth,Nutrient Uptake and Soil Quality Improvement

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 749-760页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Hossain m.ANAWAR Paul STORER Paul BLACKWELL Chee CHIA Yun LIN Paul mUNROE Scott DONNE Josip HORVAT Jianli WANG zakaria m.solaiman School of materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle Institute for Superconducting and Electronic materials and School of Physics University of Wollongong Soil Biology and molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087) and UWA Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western Australia Australian mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office Institute for Superconducting and Electronic materials University of Wollongong

At present, there is little commercial sale of biochar, since farmers find they can not gain a return on their investment in this amendment in the first few years after its application, because of the high cost associated with large application rates. To overcome this constraint, development of artificially aged enriched biochar-mineral complexes(BmCs), having a higher mineral content, surface functionality, exchangeable cations, high concentration of magnetic iron(Fe) nanoparticles, and higher water-extractable organic compounds has been undertaken by a combined team of researchers and a commercial company. Two biochars produced under different pyrolysis conditions were activated with a phosphoric acid treatment. A mixture of clay, chicken litter, and minerals were added to the biochar, and then this composite was torrefied at either 180 or 220?C. In this study a pot experiment was carried out in glasshouse conditions to determine the effects of four different BmCs, with different formulations applied at rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1, on the mycorrhizal colonisation, wheat growth and nutrient uptake, and soil quality improvement. It was found that the phosphorus(P) and nitrogen uptake in wheat shoots were significantly greater for a low application rate of BmCs(100 kg ha-1). The present formulation of BmC was effective in enhancing growth of wheat at low application rate(100 kg ha-1). The increase in growth appeared due to an increase in P uptake in the plants that could be partly attributed to an increase in mycorrhizal colonisation and partly due to the properties of the BmC.

关键词：养分吸收植物生长土壤质量生物炭磁性纳米粒子菌根矿物质含量小麦生长

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Feeding Biochar to Cows:An Innovative Solution for Improving Soil Fertility and Farm Productivity

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 666-679页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Doug POW Kathy DAWSON David R.G.mITCHELL Aditya RAWAL James HOOK Sarasadat TAHERYmOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Joshua RUST Scott DONNE Paul mUNROE Ben PACE Ellen GRABER Torsten THOmAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Yun LIN PAN Genxing LI Lianqing zakaria m.solaiman Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Electron microscopy Center AIIMUniversity of Wollongong Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University marron Brook Farm Warren Catchments Council 52 Bath StManjimup 6258 (Australia) mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Institute of Soil Water and Environmental SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research Organization Centre for marine Bio-Innovation School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesThe University of New South Wales Soil Biology and molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087)The University of Western Australia

Addition of biochar produced through thermal decomposition of biomass has been seen as a strategy to improve soils and to sequester carbon(C), but wide scale implementation of the technology requires to devise innovative profitable solutions. To develop biochar utilisation with an integrated system approach, an innovative program was implemented in 2012 on a 53-ha farm in Western Australia to determine the costs and benefits of integrating biochar with animal husbandry and improvement of pastures. Biochar was mixed with molasses and fed directly to cows. The dung-biochar mixture was incorporated into the soil profile by dung beetles.We studied the changes in soil properties over 3 years. Biochar extracted from fresh dung and from the soil to a depth of 40 cm was characterised. A preliminary financial analysis of the costs and benefits of this integrated approach was also undertaken. The preliminary investigation results suggested that this strategy was effective in improving soil properties and increasing returns to the farmer. It was also concluded that the biochar adsorbed nutrients from the cow's gut and from the dung. Dung beetles could transport this nutrient-rich biochar into the soil profile. There was little evidence that the recalcitrant component of the biochar was reduced through reactions inside the gut or on/in the soil. Further research is required to quantify the long-term impact of integrating biochar and dung beetles into the rearing of cows.

关键词：土壤肥力生物炭农业生产率创新喂牛土壤性质新鲜粪便生物利用

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CRX-527 as a candidate adjuvant in a recombinant BCG-based malaria vaccine

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第1期14卷 1-7页

作者： Nor munirah zakaria muhammad Adamu Abbas Rapeah Suppian School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaHealth Campus16150 Kubang KerianKota BharuKelantanMalaysia Department of medical microbiology and Parasitology College of Health SciencesBayero University KanoP.M.B.3011BUKKano Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the role of CRX-527,a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist,as the possible adjuvant for recombinant mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin expressing merozoite surface protein 1C(BCG-mSP-1C).methods:The mice were immunized with BCG and BCG-mSP-1C in the presence and absence of CRX-527.The untreated mice(injected with PBS-T80 only)were the negative control.The ability of CRX-527 to enhance IgG and its subclasses,as well as IL-4 and IFN-γproduction in the serum and spleen supernatant was evaluated using ELISA.Results:mice immunized with BCG-mSP-1C exhibited the highest production of IgGs,IL-4 and IFN-γafter third immunization.In addition,CRX-527 further promoted the production of total IgG and IgG subclasses as well as IFN-γand IL-4 in the serum and splenocytes of immunized mice.Conclusions:CRX-527 has the potential as an adjuvant candidate for the candidate vaccines.Further study is needed to verify appropriate dosage for immunization and its efficacy.

关键词： CRX-527 BCG BCG-mSP-1C TLR-4 agonists Cytokine IgG malaria

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Carbon mineralization in subtropical alluvial arable soils amended with sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochars

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 475-486页

作者： mohammad Arifur RAHmAN mohammad Abdul KADER mohammad JAHIRUDDIN mohammad Rafiqul ISLAm zakaria mohammad solaiman Regional Agricultural Research Station(RARS) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Jamalpur 2000(Bangladesh) School of Agriculture GeographyEnvironmentOcean and Natural SciencesUniversity of South PacificApia 1343(Samoa) Department of Soil Science Bangladesh Agricultural University(BAU)Mymensingh 2202(Bangladesh) UWA School of Agriculture&Environment and the UWA Institute of Agriculture PerthWA 6009(Australia) School of Veterinary and Life Science Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150(Australia)

Subtropical recent alluvial soils are low in organic carbon(C).Thus,increasing organic C is a major challenge to sustain soil fertility.Biochar amendment could be an option as biochar is a C-rich pyrolyzed material,which is slowly decomposed in soil.We investigated C mineralization(CO_(2)-C evolution)in two types of soils(recent and old alluvial soils)amended with two feedstocks(sugarcane bagasse and rice husk)(1%,weight/weight),as well as their biochars and aged biochars under a controlled environment(25±2℃)over 85 d.For the recent alluvial soil(charland soil),the highest absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution was observed in the sugarcane bagasse treatment(1140 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)followed by the rice husk treatment(1090 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil);the lowest amount(150 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was observed in the aged rice husk biochar treatment.Similarly,for the old alluvial soil(farmland soil),the highest absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution(1290 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was observed in the sugarcane bagasse treatment and then in the rice husk treatment(1270 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil);the lowest amount(200 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was in the aged rice husk biochar treatment.Aged sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochar treatments reduced absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution by 10%and 36%,respectively,compared with unamended recent alluvial soil,and by 10%and 18%,respectively,compared with unamended old alluvial soil.Both absolute and normalized C mineralization were similar between the sugarcane bagasse and rice husk treatments,between the biochar treatments,and between the aged biochar treatments.In both soils,the feedstock treatments resulted in the highest cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution,followed by the biochar treatments and then the aged biochar treatments.The absolute and normalized CO_(2)-C evolution and the mineralization rate constant of the stable C pool(K_(s))were lower in the recent alluvial soil compared with those in the old alluvial soil.The biochars and aged biochars had a negative priming effec

关键词： aged biochar biochar amendment charland CO_(2)emission CO_(2)-C evolution recent alluvial soil soil organic carboon soil organic matter

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measurement of Radon Concentration and Estimation of Cancer Risk in Twenty-Four model Houses in the Town of Koudougou

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 193-204页

作者： moumouni Derra Luc Telado Bambara Karim Kaboré Yalgado zakaria Sawadogo Ousmane Cissé François Zougmoré Physics Department University Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Physics and Chemical Department Institute of Sciences and Technology “Ecole Normale Supérieure” Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Physics Department Virtual University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of materials and Environment University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The objective of our study is to evaluate the concentration of radon (86Rn) inside houses in the town of Koudougou in order to estimate its impact on the health of the population. Indeed, when uranium-rich minerals are found near the surface of the ground, radon concentrations can reach tens of becquerels per cubic meter in enclosed spaces. Given the nature of the geological base of Burkina Faso, this situation is quite probable and certain places that are sometimes poorly ventilated (house, school, office, etc.) can have radon levels high enough to constitute a health problem for occupants. Thus, twenty-four (24) sample houses were identified. In each house, the Corentium digital detector was between 0.8 m and 2 m for at least one week in a place where the occupants estimate that they spend more time of time and measure the concentration of radon in the long term and short term. The recorded data allowed us to determine the Absorbed Dose and the Annual Effective Dose of radon gas for each house in order to estimate the Risk of Cancer and the probable Number of Cases of Lung Cancer per million inhabitants. Thus, the results indicate that the long-term radon concentration varies between 6 Bq/m3 and 285 Bq/m3 respectively in houses 11 and 4 compared to 1 Bq/m3 to 208 Bq/m3 in the short term in the same houses. Also, in the long term, in control houses 1, 3 and 4, the radon level is above the recommended threshold interval. For the short term, these are houses 1, 3, 4 and 17 respectively with 110 Bq/m3, 142 Bq/m3, 208 Bq/m3 and 105 Bq/m3. As for the long-term and short-term effective doses, only houses 1, 3, 4, 17 and 24 have values between 3 - 10 Sv/year. The estimation of the relative risk of lung cancer gives values relatively close to unity and between 1.006 and 1.142 with an average of 1.035 and that of the Number of Lung Cancer Cases per million inhabitants gives values between 8 and 166 with an average of 42. Th

关键词： Radon Absorbed Dose Annual Effective Dose Cancer Risk

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