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Integrated agronomic practice increases maize grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency under various soil fertility conditions

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The Crop Journal 2019年第4期7卷 527-538页

作者： Baoyuan Zhou Xuefang Sun Dan Wang zaisong ding Congfeng Li Wei Ma Ming Zhao Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation (Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River) of Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430070 Hubei China

Crop yield potential can be increased through the use of appropriate agronomic practices. Integrated agronomic practice (IAP) is an effective way to increase maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE);however, the physiological processes associated with gains in yield potential obtained from IAP, particularly the different under various soil fertility conditions, remain poorly understood. An IAP strategy including optimal planting density, split fertilizer application, and subsoiling tillage was evaluated over two growing seasons to determine whether the effects of IAP on maize yield and NUE differ under different levels of soil fertility. Compared to farmers' practices (FP), IAP increased maize grain yield in 2013 and 2014 by 25% and 28%, respectively, in low soil fertility (LSF) fields and by 36% and 37%, respectively, in high soil fertility (HSF) fields. The large yield gap was attributed mainly to greater dry matter (DM) and N accumulation with IAP than with FP owing to increased leaf area index (LAI) and DM accumulation rate, which were promoted by greater soil mineral N content (Nmin) and root length. Post-silking DM and N accumulation were also greater with IAP than with FP under HSF conditions, accounting for 60% and 43%, respectively, of total biomass and N accumulation;however, no significant differences were found for post-silking DM and N accumulation between IAP and FP under LSF conditions. Thus, the increase in grain yield with IAP was greater under HSF than under LSF. Because of greater grain yield and N uptake, IAP significantly increased N partial factor productivity, agronomic N efficiency, N recovery efficiency, and physiological efficiency of applied N compared to FP, particularly in the HSF fields. These results indicate that considerable further increases in yield and NUE can be obtained by increasing effective soil N content and maize root length to promote post-silking N and DM accumulation in maize planted at high plan

关键词： Summer maize Integrated agronomic practice Soil fertility Grain yield Nitrogen use efficiency

Tillage and straw mulching impacts on grain yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in Northern Huang–Huai–Hai Valley

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The Crop Journal 2015年第5期3卷 445-450页

作者： Zhiqiang Tao Congfeng Li Jingjing Li zaisong ding Jie Xu Xuefang Sun Peilu Zhou Ming Zhao Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture

A two-year field experiment(2012–2013) was conducted to investigate the effects of two tillage methods and five maize straw mulching patterns on the yield, water consumption,and water use efficiency(WUE) of spring maize(Zea mays L.) in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China. Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%. Chopped straw mulching led to higher yield,soil water content, and WUE as well as lower water consumption than prostrate whole straw mulching. Mulching with 50% chopped straw had the largest positive effects on maize yield, soil water content, and WUE among the five mulching treatments. Tillage had greater influence on maize yield than straw mulching, whereas straw mulching had greater influence on soil water content, water consumption, and WUE than tillage. These results suggest that 50% chopped straw mulching with subsoil tillage is beneficial in spring maize production aiming at high yield and high WUE in the Huang–Huai–Hai valley.

关键词： Northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley Spring maize croppi

Three photosynthetic patterns characterized by cluster analysis of gas exchange data in two rice populations

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The Crop Journal 2014年第1期2卷 22-27页

作者： zaisong ding Tao Li Xianguo Zhu Xuefang Sun Suhua Huang Baoyuan Zhou Ming Zhao Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology and ProductionMinistry of Agriculture

Plant photosynthetic rate is affected by stomatal status and internal CO2 carboxylation. Understanding which process determines photosynthetic rate is essential for developing strategies for breeding crops with high photosynthetic efficiency. In this study, we identified different physiological patterns of photosynthetic rate in two different rice populations. Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters were measured during the flowering stage in two rice populations. Clustering and correlation analyses were performed on the resulting data. Five or six groups were defined by K-means clustering according to differences in net photosynthetic rates(Pn). According to differences in stomatal conductance(gs) and carboxylation efficiency(CE), each group was clustered into three subgroups characterized by physiological patterns stomatal pattern, carboxylation pattern, and intermediate pattern. Pn was significantly correlated with gs(r = 0.810) and CE(r = 0.531). Pn was also significantly correlated with gs and CE in the three physiological patterns. The correlation coefficients were highest in the stomatal pattern(0.905 and 0.957) and lowest in the carboxylation pattern(0.825 and 0.859). Higher correlation coefficients between Pn and gs or CE in the three physiological patterns indicate that clustering is very important for understanding factors limiting rice photosynthesis. ? 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Crop Science Society of

关键词： Cluster analysis Net photosynthesis rate Stomatal pattern Carboxylation pattern Rice

Effect of Low Temperature on Germination Characteristics of Rice Cultivars

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2018年第6期7卷 89-91页

作者： Yadong ZHAO Dianfa ZHOU Xiuyun LIN Qiang SUN Pengzhi Li ding zaisong Jinming WANG Rice Research Institute Jilin Academy of Agricultural ScienceChangchun 136100China Songyuan Academy of Agricultrual Science Songyuan138000China Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

The effects of low temperature on germination characteristics of rice seeds were studied,using three rice varieties as *** results showed that the germination rate,germination energy,germination index,vigor index,shoot length and root length all reduced with the decrease of *** the treatment temperature was 10 ℃,whether or not cold-resistant varieties,the values of all parameters showed an extremely significant difference from the control'*** the stress temperature was 15 ℃,compared with the normal condition,the parameter values of the non-tolerant variety( Changbai 9) had an extremely significant difference and the germination rate,germination potential,seedling length and root length of two cold-tolerance varieties( Jisheng 202 and Tongjing 9) had little difference from the ***,the above four indicators at 15 ℃ can be considered as the evaluation indices of cold tolerance at early stage.

关键词： Rice Low-temperature stress Germination characteristic

玉米穗库发育的不同步性与内源激素作用的研究

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中国农业大学学报 2001年第1期6卷 30-36页

作者：李连禄赵明丁在松中国农业大学作物学院

以半多育型杂交种农大高光效 1号和单育型杂交种农大 0 6 38为材料 ,研究了玉米不同穗库在穗分化进程、穗生长、内源激素等方面的差异。结果表明 ,2种育型玉米穗库间的生长发育均存在着不同步性 ,尤其在性器官分化起始时间和持续时间上... 详细信息

以半多育型杂交种农大高光效 1号和单育型杂交种农大 0 6 38为材料 ,研究了玉米不同穗库在穗分化进程、穗生长、内源激素等方面的差异。结果表明 ,2种育型玉米穗库间的生长发育均存在着不同步性 ,尤其在性器官分化起始时间和持续时间上优势穗库和弱势穗库存在着明显的差异 ,无论单育型或多育型玉米第 1果穗进入该期的时间早 ,且持续时间长 ;在穗长、穗鲜重、穗体积的增长上 ,单育型杂交种第 1果穗比第 2、第 3果穗也具有明显的优势 ,而半多育型品种各穗库间在穗分化阶段这 3个指标上虽有差异 ,但差异均小于单育型杂交种。研究还表明 IAA,GA3 和 ABA在库位优势和穗库发育的不同步性中起着重要的调节作用 ,在穗库生长发育进程中优势穗库的 IAA,GA3 含量明显高于弱势穗库 ,而 ABA含量的变化正好与此相反 ;激素间的平衡在穗库发育中也起着重要的调节作用 ,优势穗库具有较高的 IAA/ ABA和 GA3 / ABA值。由此认为 ,玉米穗库间竞争能力的大小或最终能否成穗与其穗分化阶段所奠定的生长发育基础和内源激素水平 (尤其是IAA)

关键词：玉米穗库穗分化内源激素不同步性库位优势

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LeERF2基因对旱稻耐盐性的影响

生物技术通报 2009年第9期25卷 64-68页

作者：常英芬丁在松高聚林内蒙古农业大学农学院呼和浩特010019 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京100081

采用T2代转LeERF2基因旱稻(旱297)为材料,研究分蘖期盐胁迫下植株光合性能和生理反应。结果表明,50mM NaCl胁迫条件下,转基因植株(T)和野生型对照(WT)的各项光合参数差异不明显,但在100 mM NaCl胁迫条件下,转基因植株仍能维持较高的光... 详细信息

采用T2代转LeERF2基因旱稻(旱297)为材料,研究分蘖期盐胁迫下植株光合性能和生理反应。结果表明,50mM NaCl胁迫条件下,转基因植株(T)和野生型对照(WT)的各项光合参数差异不明显,但在100 mM NaCl胁迫条件下,转基因植株仍能维持较高的光合速率和气孔导度。随着NaCl胁迫浓度增加,野生型旱稻和转基因旱稻植株叶片SOD活性增加幅度加大,但都表现为转基因植株增幅更明显,而MDA含量则表现为野生型植株增幅更明显,表明LeERF2基因增强了旱稻盐胁迫下抗氧化能力,提高了耐盐性,能维持较高光合速率。

关键词： LeERF2基因旱稻盐胁迫响应

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玉米不同耐密植品种茎秆穿刺强度的变化特征

农业工程学报 2010年第11期26卷 156-162页

作者：勾玲黄建军孙锐丁在松董志强赵明中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京100081 石河子大学新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室石河子832003

以耐密抗倒性不同的品种(稀植大穗品种JK518和JK519、耐密抗倒品种XY335和CS1;中等耐密品种ND108)为材料,设5个密度处理,研究玉米茎秆的穿刺强度(RPS)的变化特点及其对群体种植密度的响应。结果表明玉米茎秆穿刺强度随生育期递进而增强... 详细信息

以耐密抗倒性不同的品种(稀植大穗品种JK518和JK519、耐密抗倒品种XY335和CS1;中等耐密品种ND108)为材料,设5个密度处理,研究玉米茎秆的穿刺强度(RPS)的变化特点及其对群体种植密度的响应。结果表明玉米茎秆穿刺强度随生育期递进而增强,不同耐密性品种间随种植密度变化有较大差异。茎秆基部节间的穿刺强度随群体密度增加呈线性递减。茎秆节间RPS随着节位的上升而呈二次函数递减;不同耐密性品种间RPS以抽雄-吐丝期差异明显,以穗位以下节间,尤其第3～6节间表现差异较大。玉米抽雄前茎壁增厚早、茎皮较厚,则RPS高;吐丝期茎秆基部节间充实良好、穗位以下节间较短的群体,有利于提高品种茎秆抗倒伏能力。因此,以玉米抽雄前7d至吐丝期、基部第3～6节间作为茎秆抗倒鉴定的关键时期和敏感部位,能够客观评价植株的抗倒伏能力,有效提高抗倒品种筛选效率。

关键词：作物应力分析茎秆玉米穿刺强度抗倒伏

改变授粉时间对半多育型玉米杂交种果穗性状及^(14)C同化物分配的影响

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中国农业大学学报 2001年第1期6卷 37-42页

作者：李连禄王美云赵明丁在松中国农业大学作物学院

本研究以半多育型玉米杂交种农大高光效 1号为材料 ,以套袋方式控制上、下果穗的授粉时间 ,探讨其对不同库位果穗性状及 14 CO2 同化物分配的影响。结果表明 ,改变穗库间的授粉时间后 ,尤其是第 2果穗早于第 1果穗 3d的授粉处理 ,明显... 详细信息

本研究以半多育型玉米杂交种农大高光效 1号为材料 ,以套袋方式控制上、下果穗的授粉时间 ,探讨其对不同库位果穗性状及 14 CO2 同化物分配的影响。结果表明 ,改变穗库间的授粉时间后 ,尤其是第 2果穗早于第 1果穗 3d的授粉处理 ,明显提高第 2果穗的库强 ,有利于双穗均衡、同步生长发育 ;改变穗库的授粉时间使双果穗在穗长、穗粒数、穗重以及 14 CO2 同化物的分配上都较自然授粉明显增加。由此认为 ,玉米在扩大单株库容、提高单株产量上还有很大潜力 ,关键是采取育种、化控。

关键词：玉米果穗性状同化物分配授粉时间半多育型杂交种双穗率

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新株型稻转化体系改良

作物杂志 2008年第5期 28-30页

作者：朱献果董志强丁在松赵明中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京100081

新株型(New plant type,NPT)稻具有理想的株型和高产潜力成为高产突破的主要材料,但因其光合生理的缺陷限制了高产潜力的发挥。目前,转基因技术成为NPT稻光合作用改造的首选方法,但因NPT稻特定的基因型,在转化过程中愈伤组织水渍化和褐... 详细信息

新株型(New plant type,NPT)稻具有理想的株型和高产潜力成为高产突破的主要材料,但因其光合生理的缺陷限制了高产潜力的发挥。目前,转基因技术成为NPT稻光合作用改造的首选方法,但因NPT稻特定的基因型,在转化过程中愈伤组织水渍化和褐化现象严重,转化率极低。本试验对农杆菌介导NPT稻遗传转化中愈伤组织的诱导、渗透压的调节、侵染液浓度等问题进行了详细研究。通过对关键步骤的优化,大大提高了转化效率。

关键词：新株型稻农杆菌介导菌液浓度碳源浓度