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Growth,yield and water productivity of dry direct seeded rice and transplanted aromatic rice under different irrigation management regimes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第11期19卷 2656-2673页

作者： Muhammad Ishfaq Nadeem Akbar Shakeel Ahmed Anjum Muhammad Anwar-ul-haq Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Plant Science University of CaliforniaCalifornia 95616-8780USA Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan

Sustainability of traditionally cultivated rice in the rice-wheat cropping zone(RWCZ)of Pakistan is dwindling due to the high cost of production,declining water resources and escalating labour ***,farmers and researchers are compelled to find promising alternatives to traditional transplanted rice(TPR).A field study was conducted in Punjab,Pakistan,in 2017 and 2018 to explore the trade-offs between water saving and paddy yield,water productivity and economics of two aromatic rice varieties under dry direct seeded rice(DDSR)and *** experiment was comprised of three irrigation regimes on the basis of soil moisture tension(SMT)viz.,continuous flooded(>–10 kPa SMT),alternate wetting and drying(AWD)(–20 kPa SMT)and aerobic rice(–40 kPa SMT),maintained under TPR and DDSR *** aromatic rice verities:Basmati-515 and Chenab Basmati-2016 were used during both years of *** both years,DDSR produced higher yields(13–18%)and reduced the total water inputs(8–12%)in comparison to *** comparison to traditional continuous flooded(CF),AWD under DDSR reduced total water input by 27–29%and improved the leaf area index(LAI),tillering,yield(7–9%),and water productivity(44–50%).The performance of AWD with regard to water savings and increased productivity was much higher in DDSR system as compared to AWD in TPR *** of DDSR with aerobic irrigation improved water savings(49–55%)and water productivity(22–30%)at the expense of paddy yield reduction(36–39%)and spikelet *** regard to variety,the highest paddy yield(6.6 and 6.7 t ha–1)was recorded in DDSR using Chenab Basmati-2016 under AWD irrigation threshold that attributed to high tiller density and *** economic analysis showed DDSR as more beneficial rice establishment method than TPR with a high benefit-cost ratio(BCR)when the crop was irrigated with AWD irrigation *** results highlighted that with the use of short duration varieties,DDSR cultivation in conjunction wit

关键词： rice establishment aerobic alternate wetting and drying water input tillering yield

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Smart Techniques for LulC Micro Class Classification Using Landsat8 Imagery

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5545-5557页

作者： Mutiullah Jamil Hafeez ul Rehman Saleemullah Imran Ashraf Saqib Ubaid Department of Computer Science Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-si38541Korea

Wheat species play important role in the price of products and wheat production *** are several mathematical models used for the estimation of the wheat crop but these models are implemented without considering the wheat species which is an important independent *** task of wheat species identification is challenging both for human experts as well as for computer vision-based *** the use of satellite remote sensing,it is possible to identify and monitor wheat species on a large scale at any stage of the crop life *** this work,nine popular wheat species are identified by using Landsat8 operational land imager(OLI)and thermal infrared sensor(TIRS)*** thousand samples of eachwheat crop species are acquired every fifteen days with a temporal resolution of ten multispectral bands(band two to band eleven).This study employs random forest(RF),artificial neural network,support vector machine,Naive Bayes,and logistic regression for nine types of wheat *** addition,deep neural networks are also *** results indicate that RF shows the best performance of 91%accuracy while DNN obtains a 90.2%*** suggest that remotely sensed data can be used in wheat type estimation and to improve the performance of the mathematical models.

关键词： Mathematical model wheat crop estimation landsat8 remote sensing machine learning random forest deep neural network

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Economical Requirements Elicitation Techniques During COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2665-2680页

作者： Tauqeer ul Amin Basit Shahzad Fazal-e-Amin Muhammad Shoaib Department of Software Engineering National University of Modern LanguagesIslamabadPakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Requirements elicitation is a fundamental phase of software development in which an analyst discovers the needs of different stakeholders and transforms them into *** phase is cost-and time-intensive,and a project may fail if there are excessive costs and schedule ***-19 has affected the software industry by reducing interactions between developers and *** a lack of interaction is a key reason for the failure of software *** can also fail when customers do not know precisely what they ***,selecting the unsuitable elicitation technique can also cause project *** present study,therefore,aimed to identify which requirements elicitation technique is the most cost-effective for large-scale projects when time to market is a critical issue or when the customer is not *** that end,we conducted a systematic literature review on requirements elicitation *** primary studies identified introspection as the best technique,followed by survey and *** finding suggests that introspection should be the first choice of elicitation technique,especially when the customer is not available or the project has strict time and cost ***,introspection should also be used as the starting point in the elicitation process of a large-scale project,and all known requirements should be elicited using this technique.

关键词： COVID-19 software engineering requirements engineering requirements elicitation introspection project failure SLR on elicitation techniques large-scale projects economical elicitation techniques costeffective time constraints

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Role of knowledge economy in managing demand-based environmental Kuznets Curve

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 397-410页

作者： Rukhsana Kalim Shajara ul-Durar Mubasher Iqbal Noman Arshed Muhammad Shahbaz Department of Economics and Statistics Dr.Hassan Murad School of ManagementUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan University of Sunderland The School of Business ManagementEdinburgh BuildingChester RoadSunderland SR13SDUnited Kingdom Department of Economics Division of Management and Administrative SciencesUniversity of EducationLahorePakistan Department of International Trade and Finance School of Management and EconomicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina Center for Sustainable Energy and Economic Development Gulf University for Science and TechnologyHawallyKuwait

Aggregate demand or supply at equilibrium is commonly used as a representative of the macroeconomic activity of an economy whereby aggregate demand denotes the behaviour of individuals and ***,aggregate demand can also directly affect environmental deterioration via changes in aggregate *** study tried to explore this relationship,known as the demand-based Environmental Kuznets Curve(Demand EKC)and the role of different knowledge economy *** economy indicators are proposed to influence consumption patterns,altering the demand EKC that empirical studies have *** this purpose,secondary data for 147 countries were collected from 2008 to 2018,also classified as *** study found that aggregate demand significantly affects carbon *** long-run results are estimated using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square *** factors like renewable energy consumption,population density,and financial development significantly affect carbon emissions in sample *** study has incorporated four pillars of a knowledge-based economy and the results showed that these indicators helped reduce consumption-related CO_(2) emissions.

关键词： Kuznets Curve Knowledge economy Higher education Institutional quality Innovation Technology

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Quasi-Z-Source Based Bidirectional DC-DC Converter and Its Control Strategy

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2019年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Yuba Raj Kafle Saad ul Hasan Graham E.Town School of Engineering Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia

This paper presents a quasi-Z-source based isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter(qZIBDC)for renewable energy *** converter utilizes a dual active bridge circuit with a quasi-Z-source network on both sides,so the converter works as buck/boost converter from either *** has a wider input/output voltage operating range,soft-switching capabilities without additional devices,and higher boost capability than a traditional dual active bridge *** from that,shoot-through states are incorporated in its operating cycle to boost the input voltage resulting in high reliability of the proposed *** to the symmetrical structure of the circuit,there is no defined high voltage or low voltage side as in traditional isolated bidirectional DC-DC *** operating principle and control strategy of the proposed converter are *** and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter topology and its control strategy.

关键词： Bidirectional DC-DC converter dual active bridge impedance source quasi-Z-source DC-DC converter

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Biodegradation of Leather Waste by Enzymatic Treatment

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过程工程学报 2006年第3期6卷 462-465页

作者： Muhammad Nauman Aftab Abdul Hameed Ikram-ul-Haq 陈润生 Dept. Biol. Sci. Quaid-i-Azam Univ.IslamabadPakistan Bioinformatics LabInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Dept. Biol. Sci. Quaid-i-Azam Univ.IslamabadPakistan Dept. Botany Government College Univ.LahorePakistan Bioinformatics Lab Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The treatment of shavings,trimmings and splits of leather waste from tanneries has a potential to generate value-added products. In this study enzymatic treatment of leather waste was performed. This method utilizes alkaline protease produced by Bacillus subtilis in our laboratory by submerged fermentation. Optimum conditions of pH,time duration,temperature and concentration of enzyme were determined for maximum degradation of leather waste. The amount of degradation was measured by the release of amino acid hydroxyproline. Amino acid composition in the hydrolysate obtained by the enzyme hydrolysis was determined. This relative simple biotreatment of leather waste may provide a practical and economical solution.

关键词： leather waste biodegadation Bacillus subtilis alkaline protease

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Robust design of sliding mode control for airship trajectory tracking with uncertainty and disturbance estimation

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第1期35卷 242-258页

作者： WASIM Muhammad ALI Ahsan CHOUDHRY Mohammad Ahmad SHAIKH Inam ul Hasan SALEEM Faisal Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47080Pakistan Department of Measurements and Control Systems Silesian University of TechnologyGliwice 44-101Poland The Joint Doctoral School Silesian University of TechnologyGliwice 44-100Poland

The robotic airship can provide a promising aerostatic platform for many potential *** applications require a precise autonomous trajectory tracking control for *** has a nonlinear and uncertain *** is prone to wind disturbances that offer a challenge for a trajectory tracking control *** paper addresses the airship trajectory tracking problem having time varying reference path.A lumped parameter estimation approach under model uncertainties and wind disturbances is opted against distributed *** uses extended Kalman filter(EKF)for uncertainty and disturbance *** estimated parameters are used by sliding mode controller(SMC)for ultimate control of airship trajectory *** comprehensive algorithm,EKF based SMC(ESMC),is used as a robust solution to track airship *** proposed estimator provides the estimates of wind disturbances as well as model uncertainty due to the mass matrix variations and aerodynamic model *** stability and convergence of the proposed method are investigated using the Lyapunov stability *** simulation results show that the proposed method efficiently tracks the desired *** method solves the stability,convergence,and chattering problem of SMC under model uncertainties and wind disturbances.

关键词： airship chattering extended Kalman filter(EKF) model uncertainties estimation sliding mode controller(SMC)

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Natural convection of CuO–water nanofluid filled in a partially heated corrugated cavity:KKL model approach

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第8期72卷 27-42页

作者： Rizwan ul Haq Muhammad Usman Ebrahem A Algehyne Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria UniversityIslamabadPakistan BIC-ESAT College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Department of Mechanics and Engineering SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of TabukP.O.Box 741Tabuk 71491Saudi Arabia

In this article, flow and heat transfer inside a corrugated cavity is analyzed for natural convection with a heated inner obstacle. Thermal performance is analyzed for Cu O–water inside a partially heated domain by defining the constraint along the boundaries. For nanofluid analysis, the Koo and Kleinstreuer Li(KKL) model is implemented to deal with the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity. A heated thin rod is placed inside the corrugated cavity and the bottom portion of the corrugated cavity is partially heated. The dimensionless form of nonlinear partial differential equations are obtained through the compatible transformation along with the boundary constraint. The finite element method is executed to acquire the numerical solution of the obtained dimensional system. Streamlines, isotherms and heat transfers are analyzed for the flow field and temperature distribution. The Nusselt number is calculated at the surface of the partially heated domain for various numerical values of emerging parameters by considering the inner obstacle at cold, adiabatic and heated conditions. The computational simulation was performed by introducing various numerical values of emerging parameters. Important and significant results have been attained for temperature and velocities(in both x-and y-directions) at the vertically and horizontally mean positions of the corrugated duct.

关键词： heat transfer nanofluid finite element method KKL corrugated cavity

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Deep eutectic ionic liquids based on DABCO-derived quaternary ammonium salts: A promising reaction medium in gaining access to terpyridines

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 586-598页

作者： Muhammad Faisal Azeem Haider Quret ul Aein Aamer Saeed Fayaz Ali Larik Department of Chemistry Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan

Owing to the directional H-bonding,coordination and π-stacking abilities,terpyridines have been widely used as supramolecular tectons in molecular architectures,skeletons in molecular devices and metallopolymers,and are gaining importance in medicinal *** this paper,we have synthesized,characterized and applied deep eutectic ionic liquids (DEILs) based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;triethylenediamine (DABCO)-derived quatemary ammonium salts for the preparation *** DEILs were synthesized through N-alkylation of DABCO with haloalkanes (1-bromopentane or 1-bromoheptane) followed by mixing and heating with methanol or polyethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond *** synthesized DEILs were structurally characterized by IR and *** formation of deep eutectic solvent was confirmed by freezing point depression,it composition was investigated through phase diagram,and its thermal stability was determined through differential scanning calorimetry,derivative thermogravimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis ***,these DEILs were investigated for their effectiveness towards synthesis of 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine,3,2':6',3"-terpyridineand 4,2':6',4"-terpyridine derivatives through Kr(o)hnke *** results show that these three types ofterpyridines can be obtained in reasonable yields (80%-97%) by the one-pot reaction of 2-,3-or 4-acetylpyridine with a variety of aromatic aldehydes in the presence of DEIL as a reaction medium,sodium hydroxide as a base and ammonium acetate as a cyclizing *** methodology is highly efficient and cost-effective for synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical ***,these DEILs can be reused several times without an obvious loss of activity and are non-toxic,low-volatile,biodegradable and highly thermally ***,these DEILs as a non-conventional reaction medium for the synthesis of terpyridines provides appealing opportunities to be investigated in the domain of gr

关键词： terpyridine deep eutectic solvent ionic liquid Krohnke reaction DABCO

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Multistage-batch bipolar membrane electrodialysis for base production from high-salinity wastewater

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 764-773页

作者： Arif Hussain Haiyang Yan Noor ul Afsar Chenxiao Jiang Yaoming Wang Tongwen Xu Department of Applied Chemistry Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BMED)is considered a state-of-the-art technology for the conversion of salts into acids and ***,the low concentration of base generated from a traditional BMED process may limit the viability of this technology for a large-scale ***,we report an especially designed multistage-batch(two/three-stage-batch)BMED process to increase the base concentration by adjusting different volume ratios in the acid(Vacid),base(Vbase),and salt compartments(Vsalt).The findings indicated that performance of the two-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:5 was superior in comparison to the threestage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:***,the base concentration could be further increased by exchanging the acid produced in the acid compartment with fresh water in the second stage-batch *** the two-stage-batch BMED,the maximum concentration of the base can be obtained up to 3.40 mol∙L^(-1),which was higher than the most reported base production by *** low energy consumption and high current efficiency further authenticate that the designed process is reliable,cost-effective,and more productive to convert saline water into valuable industrial commodities.

关键词： bipolar membrane electrodialysis multistagebatch base production high-salinity wastewater

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