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Application of a characterized difference-frequency laser source to carbon monoxide trace detection

Chinese Physics B 2012年第6期21卷 257-263页

作者： Alireza Khorsandi zahra shabani Monireh Ranjbar S. Ali Hoseinzadeh Salati Department of Physics University of Isfahan81746-73441 IsfahanIran

A tunable continuous wave（cw） mid-infrared（MIR） laser based on difference-frequency generation（DFG） in a 1.5-cm long AgGaS2 nonlinear crystal for trace gas detection is *** visible and near-infrared diode lasers were used as pump and signal *** MIR-DFG laser was tunable in a wavelength range of 4.75 μm-4.88 μ*** phase-matching（PM） condition was non-critically achieved by adjusting the temperature of the crystal for fixed pairs of input pump and signal *** required PM temperatures of the generated MIR-DFG wavelengths have been calculated by using three sets of recent Sellmeier equations and the temperature-dispersion equations of AgGaS2 given by Willer U,et al.（Willer U,Blanke T and Schade W 2001 ***.40 5439）.Then the calculated PM temperatures are compared with the experimental *** performance of the MIR-DFG laser is shown by the trace detection of the P（16） carbon monoxide（12C16O） absorption line in a laboratory-fabricated absorption *** enhanced sensitivity of about 0.6×10 4 was obtained through the long path absorption provided by consecutive reflections between coated cylindrical mirrors of a constructed cell.

关键词： difference-frequency generation AgGaS2 crystal multi-pass cell

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Engineering Microneedle Patches for Improved Penetration:Analysis,Skin Models and Factors Affecting Needle Insertion

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第6期13卷 190-230页

作者： Pooyan Makvandi Melissa Kirkby Aaron RJHutton Majid shabani Cynthia K.Y.Yiu zahra Baghbantaraghdari Rezvan Jamaledin Marco Carlotti Barbara Mazzolai Virgilio Mattoli Ryan F.Donnelly Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia Centre for Materials InterfaceViale Rinaldo Piaggio 3456025 PontederaPisaItaly School of Pharmacy Queen’s University Belfast97 Lisburn RoadBelfast BT97BLUK The BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaViale Rinaldo Piaggio 3456025 PontederaPisaItaly Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongPrince Philip Dental HospitalHong Kong SARChina Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production EngineeringUniversity of Naples FedericoⅡ80125 NaplesItaly Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care(iit@CRIB) Italian Institute of Technology80125 NaplesItaly

Transdermal microneedle(MN)patches are a promising tool used to transport a wide variety of active compounds into the *** serve as a substitute for common hypodermic needles,MNs must pierce the human stratum corneum(~10 to 20μm),without rupturing or bending during *** ensures that the cargo is released at the predetermined place and ***,the ability of MN patches to sufficiently pierce the skin is a crucial *** the current review,the pain signal and its management during application of MNs and typical hypodermic needles are presented and *** is followed by a discussion on mechanical analysis and skin models used for insertion tests before application to clinical *** that affect insertion(e.g.,geometry,material composition and cross-linking of MNs),along with recent advancements in developed strategies(e.g.,insertion responsive patches and 3D printed biomimetic MNs using two-photon lithography)to improve the skin penetration are highlighted to provide a backdrop for future research.

关键词： Insertion responsive Implantable microneedles Skin indentation Transdermal microneedles Pain management

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