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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第44期23卷 7840-7848页

作者： Naueen A Chaudhry kamran zahid Sara Keihanian Yunfeng Dai Qing Zhang Depart-ment of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Florida Department of Medicine Division of Hospital MedicineUniversity of Florida Department of Biostatistics University of Florida

AIM To investigate the behavior of pulsatile pressure zones(PPZ's) as noted on high resolution esophageal impedance manometry(HREIM), and determine their association with *** Retrospective, single center case control design scr-eening HREIM studies for cases(dysphagia) and controls(no dysphagia). Thoracic radiology studies were reviewed further in cases for(thoracic cardiovascular) thoracic cardiovascular(TCV) structures in esophageal proximity to compare with HREIM findings. Manometric data was collected for number, location, axial length, PPZ pressure and esophageal clearance function(impedance). RESULTS Among 317 screened patients, 56% cases and 64% controls had PPZ's. Fifty cases had an available thoracic radiology comparison. The distribution of PPZ's in these 50 cases and 59 controls was similar(average 1.4 PPZ/patient). Controls(mean 31.2 ± SD 12 years) were a significantly younger population than cases(mean 67.3 ± SD 14.9 years) with P 20%. CONCLUSION Transmitted TCV pulsations observed in HREIM bear no significant impact on swallowing. However, in older adults with dysphagia, evidence of impaired bolus clearance on impedance should be evaluated for external TCV compression. These associations have never been explored previously in literature, and are novel.

关键词： High resolution esophageal manometry Dysphagia Dysphagia lusoria Dysphagia cardia Esophageal motility Thoracic cardiovascular structures Esophageal disorders

Dry matter degradation kinetics of selected tropical forage in Nili-Ravi buffalo and Cholistani cows at heifer and lactating stages using NorFor in situ standards

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Journal of Zoological Research 2019年第1期1卷 10-19页

作者： Muhammad Naeem Tahir zahid Khan Saima zahid kamran Fatma Inal University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases Selcuk UniversityKonya 42100Turkey

Current methods of ruminant ration formulation in Pakistan use foreign-based nutrient availability *** values may not be optimal for all geographic areas,as variation in environment,agronomic factors,animal species,and diet characteristics may not be *** aim of present study was to establish a database of the chemical composition and dry matter degradation parameters of tropical forage commonly fed to ruminants in Pakistan and South Asian countries using Nili-Ravi buffalo and Cholistani cattle at heifer and lactating *** cereal grain and four legume species were grown in 3 locations under standard agronomic conditions and sampled at booting and at 50%flowering stage for cereal and legumes,*** and milled feeds were analyzed for chemical composition and in situ dry matter degradation parameters using 1 g samples in bags placed in the rumen of 2 Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers,2 lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes,2 Cholistani heifers,and 2 lactating Cholistani *** forage family(cereal ***),species,and geographic location of growth significantly influenced(P0.05).Legume-by-heifer interactions significantly increased(P<0.05),and legume-by-lactating cow interaction tended(P=0.065),to increase the rate of degradation(Kd).The selected forages were degiaded to a similar extent independent of animal species or developmental stage,and legumes are degraded at higher rates and to a greater extent than are cereals.A moderately significant relationship between Kd and effective dry matter degradability(DMD)suggests tliat Kd co|iild be the single most important predictor of forage degi adability in the rumen.

关键词： Animal species Cattle feed Dry matter degradability Developmental stage Tropical forage

Induced Production of Exoglucanase, and β-Glucosidase from Fungal Co-Culture of T. virideand G. lucidum

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第5期5卷 426-433页

作者： Tanzila Shahzadi zahid Anwar Zafar Iqbal Awais Anjum Tahir Aqil Bakhtawar Arroha Afzal Muhammad kamran Sajid Mehmood Muhammad Irshad Agriculture Biotechnology National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Biochemistry Nawaz Sharif Medical College University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of Botany University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of Microbiology Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

In the present study, a co-culture technique was adopted with an aim to investigate a hyper production of exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase using cheap and easily available agro-industrial residue corn stover as growth supporting substrate. Various physio-chemical and nutritional variables were optimized using classical and completely randomized designs for induced production of exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase from the co-culture of Trichoderma viride and Ganoderma lucidum in solid state fermentation (SSF). Analysis profile showed that when the conditions of the SSF medium containing 15 g corn stover substrate (50% w/w moisture) inoculated with 6 mL of inoculum were optimal, the maximum productions of exoglucanase (485 ± 6.5 U/mL) and β-glucosidase (255 ± 3.3 U/mL) were recorded after 5 days of incubation at pH 6 and 35°C.

关键词： Process Optimization SSF Co-Culture T. viride G. lucidum

Yield and Quality of Forage Oat (Avena sativaL.) Cultivars as Affected by Seed Inoculation with Nitrogenous Strains

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3251-3259页

作者： Muhammad Saleem M. Shahid Ibni Zamir Ihtishamul Haq M. zahid Irshad M. kamran Khan M. Asim Qamaruz Zaman Ihtisham Ali Aman Khan Saeedur Rehman Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Nitrogen availability can be enhanced with the application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and it may be helpful in increasing forage yield and improving quality of oat. Therefore, a field trial to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria on forage yield and quality of oat was carried out at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during Rabi season 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements using three replications. The experiment was comprised of two integrated approaches. The first approach was oat cultivars consisting of four treatments, V1 (AVON), V2 (S-2000), V3 (S-2011) and V4 (PD2LV65) and the second approach was seed inoculation consisting of three treatments, S0 (control), S1 (Azotobacter spp.), S2 (Azospirillum spp.). Fisher’s analysis of variance technique was used for statistically interpretation of data by using least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability. Nitrogen fixing bacteria significantly affect the germination count (m2), plant height (cm), number of tillers (m2), number of leaves per tiller, leaf area per tiller (cm2), green forage yield (t·ha-1) and dry matter yield (t ha-1). The maximum green forage yield (85.2 t·ha-1), dry matter yield (14.1 t ·ha-1) and crude protein (11.5%) were recorded where Azotobacter inoculation was applied. The interaction between cultivars and nitrogenous strains was significant for green forage yield (t·ha-1), dry matter yield (t·ha-1) and crude protein (%). Conclusion showed that cultivar Sargodha-2011 which was inoculated with Azotobacter spp. gave higher forage yield of good quality.

关键词： Oat Cultivars Nitrogenous Strains Quality and Forage Yield