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A segmented conical electric lens for optimization of the beam spot of the low-energy muon facility at PSI: a Geant4 simulation analysis

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第3期28卷 13-22页

作者： Ran Xiao Elvezio Morenzoni zaher salman Bang-Jiao Ye Thomas Prokscha State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) 5232 Villigen Switzerland

The low-energy muon facility at PSI provides nearly fully polarized positive muons with tunable energies in the ke V range to carry out muon spin rotation(LE-μSR)experiments with nanometer depth resolution on thin films,heterostructures, and near-surface regions. The low-energy muon beam is focused and transported to the sample by electrostatic lenses. In order to achieve a minimum beam spot size at the sample position and to enable the steering of the beam in the horizontal and vertical direction, a special electrostatic device has been implemented close to the sample position. It consists of a cylinder at ground potential followed by four conically shaped electrodes,which can be operated at different electric potential. In LE-μSR experiments, an electric field at the sample along the beam direction can be applied to accelerate/decelerate muons to different energies(0.5–30 keV). Additionally, a horizontal or vertical magnetic field can be superimposed for transverse or longitudinal field μSR experiments. The focusing properties of the conical lens in the presence of these additional electric and magnetic fields have been investigated and optimized by Geant4 simulations. Some experimental tests were also performed and show that the simulation well describes the experimental setup.

关键词： Muon beam Muon spin rotation Low-energy muon Beam size Geant4

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Analysis of Macro and Micronutrients in Soils from Palestine Using Ion Exchange Membrane Technology

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第1期2卷 44-49页

作者： zaher Barghouthi Sameer Amereih Basel Natsheh Mazen salman Dpartment of Natural Resources Research National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Jenin Palestine Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie Tulkarm Palestine.

Ion Exchange membrane technology (IEM) is a method that allowed a single extraction process and a single subsequent measurement of different elements that are available in soil. The values of the available forms of the different macro- and micronutrients obtained by IEM extraction were compared with the values of the soluble form obtained by conventional extraction methods. In surface soil sample, the concentrations of available potassium, nitrate, phosphate, iron and boron were 37.7 mg kg–1, 17.5 mg kg–1, 3.6 mg kg–1, 171.0 μg kg–1, and 4.2 μg kg–1 respectively were greater than that of soluble forms of the same elements which were 7.0 mg kg–1, 9.2 mg kg–1, 0.4 mg kg–1, 109.0 μg kg–1, and 1.9 μg kg–1 respectively.

关键词： Ion Exchange Membrane Available Ions Soil Nutrients Palestine

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Effect of Irrigation with Sea Water on Germination and Growth of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第5期4卷 307-310页

作者： Basel Natsheh zaher Barghouthi Sameer Amereih Mazen salman Department of Natural Resources Research National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Jenin Palestine Palestine Technical University-Kadoorei Tullkarm Palestine

In an attempt to evaluate the efficiency of sea water irrigation on plant growth and germination, five cultivars of lentil ILL4400, 5582, 5845, 5883 and 8006 were grown in sandy soil and irrigated with sea water of different salinity levels (Ec 0.9-12). Percent of germination, seedlings lengths and mean germination time were recorded. The results showed that all cultivars were able to germinate at different salinity levels. The germination percent was increased. The percent of seed germination was significantly higher in cultivars ILL8006 and ILL5883. Sea water of salinities Ec3 and Ec6 was ideal for irrigation without negative impacts on lentil germination and growth. At higher salinity (Ec12) the germination rate was reduced and the mean germination time was greater than that in lentil seeds irrigated with sea water of Ec 0.9-9.

关键词： Lentil Germination Seedling Salinity Sea Water

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National Breast Cancer Mortality and Incidence Rates According to the Human Development Index: An Ecological Study

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2016年第1期5卷 30-36页

作者： salman Khazaei Shahab Rezaeian zaher Khazaei Leila Molaeipoor Shahrzad Nematollahi Parvaneh Lak Somayeh Khazaei Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center Gonabad University of Medical Sciences Gonabad Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran Department of Epidemiology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran MD of Obs &Gyn Shaheed Chamran Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran BSc in Operating Room Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Iran

Background: This study aimed to identify the role of human development index (HDI) in the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer (BC) worldwide. Methods: Data on the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of BC for 184 countries were obtained from the GLOBOCAN. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained from the World Bank Report 2013. Linear regression model was used for assessment the effect of HDI on BC occurrence rates. Results: In 2012, BCs were estimated to have affected a total of 1,671,149 individuals (crude rate: 47.8 per 100,000 individuals), and caused 521,907 deaths worldwide (crude rate: 14.7 per 100,000 individuals). Nearly half of total female BC cases (46.3%) with the highest risk of incidence (age-standardized Rate (ASR): 128 per 100,000) had occurred in very high HDI regions. The most proportion of the mortality burden was in low HDI and medium HDI areas. Linear regression analyses showed a direct significant correlation between the incidence of BC and HDI at the global level (B = 104.5, P < 0.001). The mortality rate of BC was not significantly associated with HDI (B = 3.26, P = 0.160). Conclusion: Our study showed that the burden of female BC is enormous in very high HDI and low HID regions. Targeted interventions have the ability to reduce this number significantly through resource-dependent interventions. Moreover, further reductions in mortality could be brought about by increasing access to curative treatment for patients with BC.

关键词： Breast Cancer Human Development Index Incidence Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates

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