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Investigation of minerals, testosterone, and transaminases in the semen and serum of fertile and infertile men belongs to different age groups

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第5期3卷 574-579页

作者： zahed mahmood Muhammad Riaz Imtiaz mahmood Tahir Abdul Shakoor Zia-ur Rahman Muhammad Usman Qamar Saeed Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

The present study was aimed to assess the potential of infertility to induce the adverse effects with reference to testosterone, Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino-transferase (AST), zinc, copper and iron. All the samples were divided into four groups according to age and disorder (Group 1, 10 infertile men of 25-40 years;Group 2, 10 fertile men of 25-40 years;Group 3, 10 infertile men of 41- 60 years and Group 4, 10 fertile men of 41-60 years). Semen and blood samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine minerals while, Testosterone, T3 and T4 were determined by enzyme immunoassay kits. ALT and AST were determined using standard kit assay method. The levels of testosterone and T3 and AST in the fertile semen of 41-60 years age group were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.001) as compared to that of fertile semen of 25-40 years age group. While, the level of T4 in the fertile semen of 41-60 years age group was decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.001) as compared to that of fertile semen of 25-40 years age group. In case of fertile serum, only the level of testosterone was significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the 41-60 years age group as compared to 25-40 years age group. The levels of testosterone and Cu in the infertile serum of 41-60 years age group were decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.001). While, the levels of T3, T4, ALT and Fe in the infertile serum of 41-60 years age group were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as compared to that of infertile serum of 25-40 years age group.

关键词： Semen Reproduction Infertility Minerals Testosterone Transaminases

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Characterization of purified <i>β</i>-glucosidase produced from <i>Trichoderma viride</i>through bio-processing of orange peel waste

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第10期4卷 941-944页

作者： Muhammad Irshad Zahid Anwar Muhammad Ramzan zahed mahmood Haq Nawaz Department of Biochemistry NSMC University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Institute of Animal Nutrition & Feed Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

In the present study, solid state fermentation was carried out using orange peel waste to produce β-glucosidase from Trichoderma viride. A locally isolated fungal strain T. viride was cultured in the solid state medium of orange peel (50% w/w moisture) under optimized fermentation conditions and maximum activity of 515 ± 12.4 U/mL was recorded after 4th day of incubation at pH 5.5 and 30℃. Indigenously produced β-glucosidase was subjected to the ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex-G-100 gel filtration chromatography. In comparison to the crude extract β-glucosidase was 5.1-fold purified with specific activity of 758 U/mg. The enzyme was shown to have a relative molecular weight of 62 kDa as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified β-glucosidase displayed 6 and 60℃ as an optimum pH and temperature respectively.

关键词： Orange Peel Waste β-Glucosidase T. viride Purification SDS-PAGE Characterization

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