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A little goes a long way: CLE peptides mediate phloem initiation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第10期61卷 1034-1035页

作者： Amala John zachary L.nimchuk Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The root system of a tree can often extend many-fold the diameter of the tree;it provides physical support, dissolved minerals and water but relies on a constant supply of nutrients from photosynthetically active tissues in aboveground organs. The phloem is re-sponsible for such transport and the success of a plant relies heavily on the integrity of the phloem in its root system.

关键词： CLE peptides mediate initiation

Combining targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic melanoma

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Cancer Biology & medicine 2014年第4期11卷 237-246页

作者： Teresa Kim Rodabe n.Amaria Christine Spencer Alexandre Reuben zachary A.Cooper Jennifer A.Wargo Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard medical School Department of melanoma medical Oncology University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center Department of Genomic medicine University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center Department of Surgical Oncology University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center

melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and has an incidence that is rising faster than any other solid tumor. metastatic melanoma treatment has considerably progressed in the past five years with the introduction of targeted therapy(BRAF and mEK inhibitors) and immune checkpoint blockade(anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1). However, each treatment modality has limitations. Treatment with targeted therapy has been associated with a high response rate, but with short-term responses. Conversely, treatment with immune checkpoint blockade has a lower response rate, but with longterm responses. Targeted therapy affects antitumor immunity, and synergy may exist when targeted therapy is combined with immunotherapy. This article presents a brief review of the rationale and evidence for the potential synergy between targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Challenges and directions for future studies are also proposed.

关键词： melanoma checkpoint blockade BRAF inhibition immunotherapy

Dynamic nitrogen vacancy magnetometry by single-shot optical streaking microscopy

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Photonics Research 2022年第9期10卷 2147-2156页

作者： mARK A.KEPPLER zachary A.STEELmAn zachary n.COKER mILOŠnESLÁDEK PHILIP R.HEmmER VLADISLAV V.YAKOVLEV JOEL n.BIXLER Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA SAIC JBSA Fort Sam HoustonTexas 78234USA national Research Council Research Associateship Program WashingtonDC 20001USA ImOmEC Division IMECB-3590 DiepenbeekBelgium Institute for materials Research(ImO) Hasselt UniversityB-3590 DiepenbeekBelgium Czech Technical University in Prague 27201 KladnoCzech Republic Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA Bioeffects Division Airman System DirectorateAir Force Research LaboratoryJBSA Fort Sam HoustonTexas 78234USA

nitrogen vacancy diamonds have emerged as sensitive solid-state magnetic field sensors capable of producing diffraction limited and sub-diffraction field ***,for the first time,to our knowledge,we extend those measurements to high-speed imaging,which can be readily applied to analyze currents and magnetic field dynamics in circuits on a microscopic *** overcome detector acquisition rate limitations,we designed an optical streaking nitrogen vacancy microscope to acquire two-dimensional spatiotemporal *** demonstrate magnetic field wave imaging with micro-scale spatial extent and~400μs temporal *** validating this system,we detected magnetic fields down to 10μT for 40 Hz magnetic fields using single-shot imaging and captured the spatial transit of an electromagnetic needle at streak rates as high as 110μm/*** design has the capability to be readily extended to full 3D video acquisition by utilizing compressed sensing techniques and a potential for further improvement of spatial resolution,acquisition speed,and *** device opens opportunities to many potential applications where transient magnetic events can be isolated to a single spatial axis,such as acquiring spatially propagating action potentials for brain imaging and remotely interrogating integrated circuits.

关键词： vacancy utilizing overcome

A decision framework for identifying models to estimate forest ecosystem services gains from restoration

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 126-137页

作者： zachary L. Christin Kenneth J. Bagstad michael A. Verdone Earth Economics 107 N Tacoma Ave Tacoma WA 98403 USA. U.S. Geological Survey Geosciences & Environmental Change Science Center Box 25046 MS 980 Denver CO 80225 USA. International Union for the Conservation of nature 1630 Connecticut Ave. NW #300 Washington DC 20009 USA.

Restoring degraded forests and agricultural lands has become a global conservation priority. A growing number of tools can quantify ecosystem service tradeoffs associated with forest restoration. This evolving ＂tools landscape＂ presents a dilemma： more tools are available, but selecting appropriate tools has become more challenging. We present a Restoration Ecosystem Service Tool Selector （RESTS） framework that describes key characteristics of 13 ecosystem service assessment tools. Analysts enter information about their decision context, services to be analyzed, and desired outputs. Tools are filtered and presented based on five evaluative criteria： scalability, cost, time requirements, handling of uncertainty, and applicability to benefit-cost analysis. RESTS uses a spreadsheet interface but a web-based interface is planned. Given the rapid evolution of ecosystem services science, RESTS provides an adaptable framework to guide forest restoration decision makers toward tools that can help quantify ecosystem services in support of restoration.

关键词： Decision support Ecosystem services Forest restoration modeling Valuation Comparative toolsassessment

Exertional heat illness risk factors and physiological responses of youth football players

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第1期10卷 91-98页

作者： Susan W.Yeargin John J.Dickinson Dawn m.Emerson Jessica Koller Toni m.Torres-mcGehee zachary Y.Kerr Department of Exercise Science University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Palmetto Health/USC Orthopedic Center Keenan High SchoolColumbiaSC 29203USA Department of Health Sportand Exercise SciencesUniversity of KansasLawrenceKS 66045USA Surgi-Care Inc. BostonMA 02115USA Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599-8700USA

Objective:To determine which intrinsic and extrinsic exertional heat illness(EHI)risk factors exist in youth American football players and observe perceptual and physiological responses of players during events(games and practices).methods:Cross-sectional cohort study observing 63 youth football players,varying in *** variables were league(weightrestricted(WR,n=27)and age-restricted(AR,n=36))and event *** variables were anthropometrics,work-to-rest ratio,and wet bulb globe *** variables included preparticipation examination and uniform configuration.A subset of 16 players participated in physiological variables(heart rate and gastrointestinal temperature).Data collection occurred on 7 AR and 8 WR nonconsecutive practices and the first 3 games of the ***:mean values for anthropometric variables were higher(pn the AR league than the WR *** time(χ^2(1,111)=4.232;p=0.039)and rest time(χ^2(1,111)=43.41;pnificantly greater for games,but ratios were significantly higher for practices(χ^2(1,111)=40.62;pmajority of events(77%)observed were in black and red flag wet bulb globe temperature risk categories.A total of 57%of the players had a preparticipation examination,and up to 82%of events observed were in full *** gastrointestinal temperature and heart rate responses ranged widely and no players reached critical ***:Extrinsic(disproportionate work ratios,environmental conditions)and intrinsic(higher body mass index)EHI risk factors exist in youth *** risk factors may be influenced by event and league *** youth football organizations need to create thorough guidelines that address EHI risk factors for local leagues to adopt.

关键词： Adolescents Anthropometrics Core temperature Heat exchange Pediatric Wet bulb globe temperature

Enzymatic activities and kinetic properties of β-glucosidase from selected white rot fungi

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2013年第2期3卷 198-207页

作者： Priscilla m. mfombep zachary n. Senwo Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences Alabama gricultural and Mechanical University Normal USA Department of natural Resources & Environmental Design North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro USA

Beta-glucosidase is among the suite of enzymes produced by white rot fungi (WRF) to biodegrade plant biomass. This study investigated the enzymatic activities and kinetic properties of β-glucosidase from seventeen WRF comprised of the following species from various geographical locations: Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricular, Polyporus squamosus, Trametes versicolor, Lentinula edodes, and Grifola frondosa. All the WRF studied showed β-glucosidase activities. Significant variations in protein and carbohydrate contents were also recorded. Beta-glucosidase activities after 30 min of incubation ranged from 6.4 μg (T. versicolor) to 225 μg (G. frondosa). The calculated kinetic constant (Km) ranged from 0.47 μm (A. auricular-1120) to 719 μm (L. edodes-7). The Vmax depending on the kinetic transformation model ranged from 0.21 μg·min-1 (T. versicolor) to 9.70 μg·min-1 (G. frondosa-28). Beta-glucosidase activities also exhibited pH optima between 3.5 and 5.0 while temperature optima were between 60°C and 70°C with some media exhibiting a secondary temperature peak at 90°C attributable to the presence of thermostable isoenzyme. WRF if appropriately screened and purified can be harnessed to potentially improve the bio-conversion of cellulose to glucose and also facilitate efficient plant biomass biodegradation and production of useful plant bio-products.

关键词： White Rot Fungi β-Glucosidase EC 3.2.1.21 Enzymatic Activities Kinetic Properties Plant Biomass

Differences in metabolic Stress Using a Breathing Restrictive mask Compared to Hypobaric Hypoxia During Cycling at a matched Workload

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 397-404页

作者： Bryanne n.Bellovary Andrew D.Wells zachary J.Fennel Jonathan m.Houck Desmond J.millender Kelsey C.Bourbeau Christine m.mermier Department of Health Exerciseand Sports SciencesUniversity of New MexicoJohnson Center B143 MSC042610AlbuquerqueNM 87131-0001USA

Purpose The Elevation Training mask(ETm)has been assessed for its impact on exercise performance using acute and training *** the ETm is widely available to consumers,little research exists for validation of the ETm mask ***,the purpose of this study was to compare physiological responses during exercise for the ETm mask settings against moderate hypobaric *** nine participants living at moderate altitude(1600-1650 m)rested(10 min)and cycled in hypobaric hypoxia simulating 2743 m(ALT),in hypobaric hypoxia simulating 1829 m with the ETm set to 914 m(ALT+ETm),and with the ETm set to 2743 m(ETm)in a randomized *** cycled for 20 min at 60%VO_(2max)as determined by a maximal exertion test(VO_(2max))at baseline *** consumption was measured throughout each *** There were no differences between conditions at *** measures AnOVA showed the ALT condition elicited significantly greater VO_(2) compared to the ETm condition and 60%VO_(2max)at baseline altitude(Pnclusion When cycling at a matched workload,the exercising VO_(2) was higher in the ALT condition than at the ETm mask setting of 2743 m and exercising VO2 during the ETm condition was similar to 60%VO_(2max)at baseline *** results of this study indicate that the ETm did not produce additional metabolic stress compared to hypobaric hypoxia during steady-state exercise in moderate-altitude living individuals.

关键词： Intermittent hypoxia Training mask Acute cycling Altitude

Effective mass and Fermi surface complexity factor from ab initio band structure calculations

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npj Computational materials 2017年第1期3卷 417-423页

作者： zachary m.Gibbs Francesco Ricci Guodong Li Hong Zhu Kristin Persson Gerbrand Ceder Geoffroy Hautier Anubhav Jain G.Jeffrey Snyder California Institute of Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPasadenaCAUSA Institute of Condensed matter and nanosciences(ImCn) Universitécatholique de LouvainChemin desétoiles 8bte L7.03.01Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Department of materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University2220 Campus DriveEvanstonILUSA Department of materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueMassachusettsMAUSA Lawrence Berkeley national Lab 1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCAUSA

The effective mass is a convenient descriptor of the electronic band structure used to characterize the density of states and electron transport based on a free electron *** effective mass is an excellent first-order descriptor in real systems,the exact value can have several definitions,each of which describe a different aspect of electron *** we use Boltzmann transport calculations applied to ab initio band structures to extract a density-of-states effective mass from the Seebeck Coefficient and an inertial mass from the electrical conductivity to characterize the band structure irrespective of the exact scattering *** identify a Fermi Surface Complexity Factor:n_(v)^(*)K^(*) from the ratio of these two masses,which in simple cases depends on the number of Fermi surface pockets en_(v)^(*) T and their anisotropy K^(*),both of which are beneficial to high thermoelectric performance as exemplified by the high values found in *** Fermi Surface Complexity factor can be used in high-throughput search of promising thermoelectric materials.

关键词： mechanism materials Fermi

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气水体系甲烷水合物生成和分解动力学

化工进展 2020年第8期39卷 2954-2961页

作者：黄婷李长俊丁麟李清平 zachary m Aman 中海油研究总院有限责任公司北京100028 天然气水合物国家重点实验室北京100028 西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院四川成都610500 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 西澳大学机械与化学工程学院澳大利亚珀斯6009

为进一步探明搅拌对甲烷水合物生成和分解动力学特性的影响,借助容积约为522mL,最高操作压力21mPa的高压全透明反应釜装置,开展了不同搅拌条件下甲烷水合物的生成、分解和浆液流动实验,得到了搅拌对水合物生成量、生长速率和分解速率的... 详细信息

为进一步探明搅拌对甲烷水合物生成和分解动力学特性的影响,借助容积约为522mL,最高操作压力21mPa的高压全透明反应釜装置,开展了不同搅拌条件下甲烷水合物的生成、分解和浆液流动实验,得到了搅拌对水合物生成量、生长速率和分解速率的影响规律,基于搅拌电机扭矩值分析了不同搅拌速率下水合物浆液的流动特性。搅拌电机型号ViscoPakt Rheo-57,带有扭矩测量功能,测量最大范围57n·cm,精度±0.04n·cm。结果表明:在水合物开始快速生成的前期,水合物的最大生成量、最大生长速率及平稳生长速率都随搅拌速率的增大而增大,进一步验证了传质是控制水合物生成过程的首要因素;在水合物分解阶段,搅拌能提高水合物颗粒的分散性,促进分解气的运移产出;此外,不同搅拌速率下,水合物浆液的电机扭矩随着水合物体积分数的增大都呈现先保持平稳再逐渐增大最后剧烈波动的规律,由此得到了水合物浆液携带固相颗粒的临界体积分数。研究结论在一定程度上揭示了水合物的生长和分解机理,为动力学预测模型研究提供了参考。

关键词：水合物动力学搅拌流动特性甲烷