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Effects of land use and management on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity of soils within River Njoro Watershed in Kenya

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第2期1卷 80-87页

作者： zachary g.mainuri James O.Owino Department of Crops Horticulture and Soil ScienceEgerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EGERTONKenya Department of Agricultural Engineering Egerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EGERTONKenya

There has been tremendous changes in land use and management in the River Njoro Watershed during the last three *** large scale farms have been converted into smallholder farms and plantation forests have gradually been *** changes in land use and management have brought in different approaches that have triggered soil erosion and other forms of land *** objective of this study was to trace the changes in land use and determine their effects on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity.A semi detailed soil survey of the watershed was undertaken following a three-tier approach comprising image interpretation,field surveys and laboratory *** measured variables in the soil were analysed using ANOVA and correlation *** major land uses were found to be forestland,agricultural land,grassland,and wetland.A strong soil type_landscape relationship was observed within the *** of slopes were moderately to severely eroded,shallow and less developed whereas those on summits,pen plains,uplands,plateaus and valleys were deep and well *** stability was the highest in forestland and decreased in the order of grassland,agricultural land and wetland *** mean weight diameter under the various land use conditions was 0.68,0.64,0.58,and 041 *** conductivity was the highest in forest-land and decreased in the order of agricultural land,grassland and wetland *** was significant negative correlation between hydraulic conductivity and the bulk density and clay content of the *** aggregate stability and lowered hydraulic conductivity is likely to be responsible for some of the severe soil erosion and other forms of land degradation observed in the River Njoro Watershed.

关键词： Land use Land management Land degradation Aggregate stability

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Sparse-grid Implementation of Fixed-Point Fast Sweeping WENO Schemes for Eikonal Equations

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 3-29页

作者： zachary M.Miksis Yong-Tao Zhang Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics University of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA

Fixed-point fast sweeping methods are a class of explicit iterative methods developed in the literature to efficiently solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).As other types of fast sweeping schemes,fixed-point fast sweeping methods use the gauss-Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy to cover characteristics of hyperbolic PDEs in a certain direction simultaneously in each sweeping *** resulting iterative schemes have a fast convergence rate to steady-state ***,an advantage of fixed-point fast sweeping methods over other types of fast sweeping methods is that they are explicit and do not involve the inverse operation of any nonlinear local ***,they are robust and flexible,and have been combined with high-order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes to solve various hyperbolic PDEs in the *** multidimensional nonlinear problems,high-order fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods still require quite a large amount of computational *** this technical note,we apply sparse-grid techniques,an effective approximation tool for multidimensional problems,to fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods for reducing their computational ***,we focus on fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schemes with third-order accuracy(Zhang et al.2006[41]),for solving Eikonal equations,an important class of static Hamilton-Jacobi(H-J)*** experiments on solving multidimensional Eikonal equations and a more general static H-J equation are performed to show that the sparse-grid computations of the fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schemes achieve large savings of CPU times on refined meshes,and at the same time maintain comparable accuracy and resolution with those on corresponding regular single grids.

关键词： Fixed-point fast sweeping methods Weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes Sparse grids Static Hamilton-Jacobi(H-J)equations Eikonal equations

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Stability Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Additive Mixed-Precision Runge-Kutta Methods

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 705-738页

作者： Ben Burnett Sigal gottlieb zachary J.grant Center for Scientific Computing and Data Science Research UMass DartmouthNorth DartmouthMassachusettsUSA CSME Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

Additive Runge-Kutta methods designed for preserving highly accurate solutions in mixed-precision computation were previously proposed and *** specially designed methods use reduced precision for the implicit computations and full precision for the explicit *** this work,we analyze the stability properties of these methods and their sensitivity to the low-precision rounding errors,and demonstrate their performance in terms of accuracy and *** develop codes in FORTRAN and Julia to solve nonlinear systems of ODEs and PDEs using the mixed-precision additive Runge-Kutta(MP-ARK)*** convergence,accuracy,and runtime of these methods are *** show that for a given level of accuracy,suitably chosen MP-ARK methods may provide significant reductions in runtime.

关键词： Mixed precision Runge-Kutta methods Additive methods Accuracy

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Policies that Pull

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China Today 2024年第10期73卷 44-47页

作者： zachary g.LUNDQUIST 不详

Beneficiaries look at the rules and regulations that have improved foreigners’lives and working conditions in China.

关键词： China. regulations lives

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Finnish Internet Influencer Builds Bridges Between China and Finland

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China Today 2024年第3期73卷 64-67页

作者： zachary g.LUNDQUIST 不详

The results of making a bet with her daughter on who would make the most popular online short videos opened up an online channel for a Finnish woman who speaks fluent Chinese to share her passion about China.

关键词： daughter speak China.

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Lessons from Baoxing

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China Today 2024年第6期73卷 40-43页

作者： zachary g.LUNDQUIST 不详

IN the heart of Sichuan Province in southwest China lies a small county not many people know about,though the fluffy animals first discovered there scientifically are universally known and *** in Ya’an City is better known as the hometown of China’s giant pandas and today,it has also become a biodiversity hotspot and type locality for many endangered *** region has witnessed China’s journey in discovering,appreciating,and protecting wild*** April 22,a group of foreigners together with Chinese scholars,government officials,and panda lovers gathered in Baoxing to celebrate the 155th year of the scientific discovery of the giant panda and the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France.

关键词： southwest panda giant

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Facile synthesis of intra-nanogap enhanced Raman tags with different shapes

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8415-8423页

作者： Sanjun Fan Brian T.Scarpitti Zhewen Luo Abigail E.Smith Jian Ye zachary D.Schultz Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Hot spot engineering in plasmonic nanostructures plays a significant role in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)for bioanalysis and cell ***,creating stable,reproducible,and strong SERS signals remains challenging due to the potential interference from surrounding chemicals and locating SERS-active analytes into hot-spot ***,we developed a straightforward approach to synthesize intra-gap nanoparticles encapsulating 4-nitrobenzenethiol(4-NBT)as a reporter molecule within these gaps to avoid outside *** made three kinds of intra-gap nanoparticles using nanorods,bipyramids,and nanospheres as cores,in which the nanorods based intra-gap nanoparticles exhibit the highest SERS *** advantage of our method is the ease of preparation of high-yield and stable intra-gap nanoparticles characterized by a short incubation time(10 min)with 4-NBT and quick synthesis without requiring an additional step to centrifuge for the purification of core *** intense localized field in the synthesized hot spots of these plasmonic gap nanostructures holds great promise as a SERS substrate for a broad range of quantitative optical applications.

关键词： hot spot engineering surface enhanced Raman scattering intra-gap nanoparticles 4-nitrobenzenethiol

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Linking landforms and land use to land degradation in the Middle River Njoro Watershed

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2014年第2期2卷 1-10页

作者： Zackary g.mainuri James O.Owino Department of Crops Horticulture and Soil ScienceEgerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EgertonKenya

Land degradation is the decline in the productive capacity of an *** mainly occurs due to processes induced by human activities,such as deforestation,poor farming practices,or enhanced industrial growth leading to various land degradation processes such as,flooding,drought and accelerated *** objective of the study was to link landforms and land uses to land *** in the catchments were distinguished on the basis of Physiographic,parent material/geology and soil *** soil mapping units were identified in the *** validity of the identified soil mapping units were checked in the field using auger hole,mini pits,road and erosion cut *** profile pits were sighted in the major mapping *** profile pits were described according to FAO(1977)and Kenya Soil Survey(1987).Soil classification was done according to FAO/UNESCO(1997).Soil mapping units were found to follow soil physiographic units/land *** on mountains and hills were found to be somewhat excessively drained,shallow to moderately *** from uplands and plateaus were well drained,deep to very *** on plains fell on two extremes;those that were well drained,deep to very deep and those that were imperfectly drained to poorly drained,moderately deep to very ***,chemical and biological land degradation was found to take place in the different physiographic units/land forms at varying *** erosion,nutrient depletion and vegetation depletion were found to be the most important degradation ***,physiographic units,soil susceptibility and hazard maps were drawn and their classes in the different landforms established.

关键词： Land use Landform Land degradation

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Sensing the Heartbeat of China’s Dynamic Economy in Yiwu

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China Today 2024年第4期73卷 35-38页

作者： zachary LUNDQUIST 不详

Over the last 30 years,China’s small commodity market has been a big driving force for economic growth,and the city of Yiwu is the largest small commodity market in *** stong vitality today gives us a picture into ho... 详细信息

关键词： commodity China. driving

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Does Ruxolitinib, in Comparison to Best Available Therapy (BAT), Improve Pruritis Symptoms in Patients with Polycythemia Vera?

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 35-43页

作者： zachary Samuel Thorogood Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia USA

Polycythemia vera manifests as a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with diverse symptoms, including aquagenic pruritis. This systematic review addresses the pressing need to enhance the understanding of the disease’s symptomatology and optimize treatment strategies for improved patient outcomes. The rarity and low prevalence of polycythemia vera underscore the importance of this investigation, as existing standard of care involves a multifaceted approach and significant healthcare costs. Despite advancement in therapeutic options, persistent symptoms and resistance to first-line treatments pose challenges. Ruxolitinib has emerged as a promising intervention, demonstrating clinically significant improvement for patients. This systematic review appraises three randomized controlled trials, shedding light on the efficacy of ruxolitinib and its potential to ameliorate pruritis symptoms in symptomatic patients.

关键词： Polycythemia Vera Ruxolitinib Pruritis

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