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The effects of a bike active video game on players' physical activity and motivation

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 25-32,127页

作者： Denis Pasco Cédric Roure Gilles Kermarrec zachary Pope Zan Gao School of education The University of Bourgogne Franche-ComtéBesançon 25000France Faculty of Movement Sciences The Catholic University of LouvainLouvain-La-Neuve B-1348Belgium Faculty of Sport Science and education The University of Brittany-LoireBrest 29200France School of Kinesiology The University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Background: Players may not acquire adequate levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) when playing commercial video *** study's goal was to evaluate the effects of an exercise bike video game played by using a mobile application-based exergame that was designed exclusively to promote participants' MVPA, with additional attention paid to this game's ability to promote greater situational ***: An experimental design was used with 163 students(aged 20.31 ± 1.30, 18–26 years, 61.3% male), all of whom were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group. Physical activity(PA) levels were assessed with Acti Graph GT3X+(Acti Graph Inc., Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) accelerometers. The situational interest scale was used to evaluate students' situational interest in both *** analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences between sedentary behavior, PA levels, and situational interest between groups. Regression analyses were also used, with the purpose being to evaluate the strength of the relationship between PA and situational ***: Results revealed that the experimental group had higher degrees of sedentary behavior, light PA, total interest, instant enjoyment,exploration intention, attention demand, novelty, and challenge, whereas the control group received higher scores for MVPA(control 95.01% *** group 89.94%). Regression analysis indicated that instant enjoyment(β = 0.49, p exploration intention(β = 0.18, p ention demand(β = 0.17, p ere positive predictors for total interest, explaining 43% of its ***: A newly designed mobile application-based exergame played via an exercise bike may enhance situational interest and provide a decent level of PA for players.

关键词： Design exergame Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Sedentary behavior Situational interest Young adults

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Stability, variation, and application of AFIS fiber length distributions

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Journal of Cotton Research 2020年第2期3卷 79-89页

作者： HINDS zachary KeLLY Brendan Robert HeQUeT eric Francois Texas Tech University 2500 BroadwayLubbockTX 79409USA Texas AgriLife Research 1102 E Farm to Market Rd 1294LubbockTX 79403USA

Background:Fiber length is one of the primary quality parameters for the cotton industry when considering the textile performance and end-use quality of ***,many decisions regarding cotton fiber length utilize the industry standard measurement device,i.e.,the High Volume Instrument(HVI).However,it is documented that complete fiber length distributions hold more information than the currently reported HVI length parameters,i.e.,upper half mean length(UHML)and uniformity index(UI).An alternative measurement device,the Advanced Fiber Information System(AFIS),is able to capture additional information about fiber length *** is currently not known is how much additional information the AFIS length distribution ***:The stability of differences in within-sample variation in fiber length captured by the AFIS length distribution by number characterizing differences between samples was deemed stable across the extended testing period.A diverse breeding population was evaluated and four significant sources of within sample variation in length were identified.A comparison of the ability between HVI length parameters and AFIS fiber length distribution to correctly categorize breeding lines to their family was *** all cases,the AFIS fiber length distribution more accurately identified germplasm ***:The long-term stability test of the AFIS fiber length distribution by number shows that the measurement is stable and can be used to assess differences across ***,more information about within-sample variation in fiber length than that can be captured by length parameters is needed to assess differences across samples in many *** length parameters outperform two length parameters when trying to identify the familial background of the samples in this *** parameters characterize distributional shape differences that are not captured by the standard AFIS length parameters,UQL and short fiber cont

关键词： Cotton Fiber quality Fiber length distribution Advanced Fiber information system(AFIS)

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Silica-coating-assisted nitridation of TiO_(2) nanoparticles and their photothermal property

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Nano Research 2021年第9期14卷 3228-3233页

作者： Qilin Wei Danielle L.Kuhn zachary Zander Brendan G.DeLacy Hai-Lung Dai Yugang Sun Department of Chemistry Temple University1901 North 13th StreetPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19122USA U.S.Army edgewood Chemical Biological Center Research&Technology DirectorateAberdeen Proving GroundMaryland 21010USA

Nanoparticles of refractory compounds represent a class of stable materials showing a great promise to support localized surface plasmon resonances(LSPRs)in both visible and near infrared(NIR)spectral *** is still challenging to rationally tune the LSPR band because of the difficulty to control the density of charge carriers in individual refractory nanoparticles and maintain the dispersity of nanoparticles in the processes of synthesis and *** this work,controlled chemical transformation of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))nanoparticles encapsulated with mesoporous silica(SiO_(2))shells to titanium nitride(TiN)via nitridation reaction at elevated temperatures is developed to tune the density of free electrons in the resulting titanium-oxide-nitride(TiO_(x)N_(y))*** tunability enables a flexibility to support LSPR-based optical absorption in the synthesized TiO_(x)N_(y)@SiO_(2) core-shell nanoparticles across both the visible and NIR *** silica shells play a crucial role in preventing the sintering of TiO_(x)N_(y) nanoparticles in the nitridation reaction and maintaining the stability of TiOxNy nanoparticles in *** LSPR-based broadband absorption of light in the TiO_(x)N_(y)@SiO_(2) nanoparticles exhibits strong photothermal effect with photo-to-thermal conversion efficiency as high as〜76%.

关键词： titanium-oxide-nitride nanoparticles mesoporous silica coating nitridation reaction structural transformation plasmonic absorption photothermal effect

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Nature-inspired chiral metasurfaces for circular polarization detection and full-Stokes polarimetric measurements

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 494-504页

作者： Ali Basiri Xiahui Chen Jing Bai Pouya Amrollahi Joe Carpenter zachary Holman Chao Wang Yu Yao School of electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA Centre for Photonic Innovation Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA Biodesign Centre for Molecular Design&Biomimetics Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA

The manipulation and characterization of light polarization states are essential for many applications in quantum communication and computing,spectroscopy,bioinspired navigation,and *** metamaterials and metasurfaces facilitate ultracompact devices for circularly polarized light generation,manipulation,and ***,we report bioinspired chiral metasurfaces with both strong chiral optical effects and low insertion *** experimentally demonstrated submicron-thick circularly polarized light filters with peak extinction ratios up to 35 and maximum transmission efficiencies close to 80% at near-infrared wavelengths(the best operational wavelengths can be engineered in the range of 1.3-1.6μm).We also monolithically integrated the microscale circular polarization filters with linear polarization filters to perform full-Stokes polarimetric measurements of light with arbitrary polarization *** the advantages of easy on-chip integration,ultracompact footprints,scalability,and broad wavelength coverage,our designs hold great promise for facilitating chip-integrated polarimeters and polarimetric imaging systems for quantum-based optical computing and information processing,circular dichroism spectroscopy,biomedical diagnosis,and remote sensing applications.

关键词： polarization circular polar

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Hypoxia-inducing cryogels uncover key cancer-immune cell interactions in an oxygen-deficient tumor microenvironment

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第11期29卷 279-295页

作者： Thibault Colombani zachary JRogers Khushbu Bhatt James Sinoimeri Lauren Gerbereux Mohammad Hamrangsekachaee Sidi ABencherif Department of Chemical engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUnited States Department of Bioengineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Harvard John A.Paulson School of engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138United States Biomechanics and Bioengineering(BMBI) UTC CNRS UMR 7338University of Technology of Compi`egneSorbonne University60203 Compi`egneFrance

Hypoxia is a major factor shaping the immune landscape,and several cancer models have been developed to emulate hypoxic ***,to date,they still have several limitations,such as the lack of reproducibility,inadequate biophysical cues,limited immune cell infiltration,and poor oxygen(O_(2))control,leading to non-pathophysiological tumor ***,it is essential to develop better cancer models that mimic key features of the tumor extracellular matrix and recreate tumor-associated hypoxia while allowing cell infiltration and cancer-immune cell ***,hypoxia-inducing cryogels(HICs)have been engineered using hyaluronic acid(HA)to fabricate three-dimensional microtissues and model a hypoxic tumor ***,tumor cell-laden HICs have been designed to deplete O_(2) locally and induce long-standing *** promoted changes in hypoxia-responsive gene expression and phenotype,a metabolic adaptation to anaerobic glycolysis,and chemotherapy ***,HIC-supported tumor models induced dendritic cell(DC)inhibition,revealing a phenotypic change in the plasmacytoid DC(pDC)subset and an impaired conventional DC(cDC)response in ***,our HIC-based melanoma model induced CD8^(+)T cell inhibition,a condition associated with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion,increased expression of immunomodulatory factors,and decreased degranulation and cytotoxic capacity of T ***,these data suggest that HICs can be used as a tool to model solid-like tumor microenvironments and has great potential to deepen our understanding of cancer-immune cell relationship in low O_(2) conditions and may pave the way for developing more effective therapies.

关键词： Cryogels Hypoxia Cancer Immunosuppression Drug resistance

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effects of exergaming on motor skill competence,perceived competence,and physical activity in preschool children

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第2期8卷 106-113页

作者： Zan Gao Nan Zeng zachary C.Pope Ru Wang Fang Yu School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Colorado State University School of Public Health University of Minnesota-Twin Cities School of Kinesiology Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport School of Nursing University of Minnesota-Twin Cities

Background: Few school settings offer opportunities for preschool children to engage in structured physical activity, and only a few studies have been conducted examining exergaming's effectiveness on health outcomes in this age group. This study's purpose, therefore, was to examine a school-based exergaming intervention's effect on preschool children's perceived competence(PC), motor skill competence(MSC), and physical activity versus usual care(recess), as well as to examine gender differences for these ***: A total of 65 preschool children from 2 underserved urban schools were assigned to 1 of 2 conditions, with the school as the experimental unit:(1) usual care recess group(8 weeks of 100 min of recess/week(5 days ￡ 20 min)) and(2) exergaming intervention group(8 weeks of100 min of exergaming/week(5 days ￡ 20 min) at school). All children underwent identical assessments of PC, MSC, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) at baseline and at the end of the 8 th ***: A significant Group ￡ Time effect was observed for MVPA, F(1, 52) = 4.37, p = 0.04, h2 p= 0.04, but not for PC, F(1, 52) = 0.83, p = 0.37,h2 p= 0.02, or MSC, F(1, 52) = 0.02, p = 0.88, h2 p= 0.00. Specifically, the intervention children displayed significantly greater increased MVPA after8 weeks than the comparison children. Additionally, there was a significant time effect for MSC, F(1, 52) = 15.61, p ender effect for MVPA, F(1, 52) = 5.06, p = 0.02, h2 p= 0.09. Although all preschoolers' MSC improved across time, boys demonstrated greater MVPA than girls at both time ***: exergaming showed a positive effect in promoting preschool children's MVPA at school and has the potential to enhance PC and MSC. More research with larger sample sizes and longer study durations are warranted.

关键词： Active video games Childhood obesity Gender differences Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Recess

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effects of eccentric Pre-loading on Concentric Vertical Jump Performance in Young Female Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2021年第1期3卷 98-106页

作者： zachary M.Gillen Marni e.Shoemaker Nicholas A.Bohannon Sydney M.Gibson Joel T.Cramer Department of Kinesiology Mississippi State University236 McCarthy GymnasiumStarkvilleMS 39762USA College of Health Sciences The University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX 79968USA College of Medicine University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198USA Department of Nutrition&Health Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA

Purpose This study examined changes in vertical jump performance with progressively greater eccentric pre-loading in relation to growth and development in young female *** Twenty young female athletes ranging from 9 to 17 years old performed the following vertical jumps in random order:static jumps(SJs),counter-movement jumps(CMJs),and drop jumps(DJs)from drop heights of 20,30,and 40 cm(DJ20,DJ30,and DJ40,respectively).Measurements included peak force(PF),peak rate of force development(RFD),peak power(PP),eccentric impulse(eCC),and concentric impulse(CON).Measurements of growth included age,maturity offset,height,body mass,fat-free mass,and thigh muscle cross-sectional area(CSA).Results PF increased from the SJ-DJ20(Pen plateaued from DJ20-DJ40(P=1.000).RFD remained the same from SJ-CMJ(P=1.000),increased from CMJ-DJ20(Peaued from DJ20-DJ40(P=0.874).PP increased from the SJ-CMJ(Pen plateaued from the CMJ-DJ40(P≥0.486).CON remained the same across all verti-cal jumps(P=1.000),while eCC increased from the SJ-DJ40(P≤0.038).Jump height(JH)increased from the SJ-CMJ(Pecreased from CMJ-DJ20(Peaued from DJ20-DJ40(P=1.000).The change in PP from the SJ-CMJ(ΔCMJ-SJ)was related to all measurements of growth except CSA(r=0.558-0.815).Conclusion Young females produced greater power during the CMJ than SJ,but equivalent power from the CMJ-DJ40,despite increases in ***,ΔCMJ-SJ was not related to CSA,which suggests other underlying mechanisms affect stretch-shortening cycle utilization in young female athletes.

关键词： Stretch-shortening cycle Youth Ground reaction force Kinetics

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Screening primary racemic amines for enantioseparation by derivatized polysaccharide and cyclofructan columns

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第6期6卷 345-355页

作者： Yeeun Lim zachary S.Breitbach Daniel W.Armstrong Alain Berthod Department of Chemistry University of Texas at ArlingtonPlanetarium Place Institut des Sciences Analytiques CNRSUniversité de Lyon

It is a challenge to separate the enantiomers of native chiral amines prone to deleterious silanol interactions. Aset of 39 underivatized chiral primary amines was screened for enantiomeric separation. Seven recentlyintroduced commercial chiral columns were tested. They included six polysaccharide based chiral stationaryphases (CSP) with bonded derivatives, ChiralPak? IA, IB, IC, ID, Ie and IF columns and a cyclofructanderivatized CSP, Larihc? CF6-P column. Both the normal phase (NP) mode with heptane/alcohol mobile phasesand the polar organic (PO) mode with acetonitrile/alcohol were evaluated. It was found that the cyclofructanbased CSP demonstrated the highest success rate in separating primary amines in the PO mode with only onechiral amine not resolved. It is shown that, when screening the columns, there is no standard optimal condition;an excellent mobile phase composition for one column may be poorly suited to another one. Althoughbutylamine was a good mobile phase additive for the polysaccharide columns in both PO and NP modes, it wasdetrimental to the enantio-recognition capability of the cyclofructan column. Triethylamine was the appropriatesilanol screening agent for this latter column.

关键词： Chiral primary amines Cyclofructan Bonded polysaccharide enantiomeric separation

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effects of land use and management on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity of soils within River Njoro Watershed in Kenya

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第2期1卷 80-87页

作者： zachary G.Mainuri James O.Owino Department of Crops Horticulture and Soil ScienceEgerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EGERTONKenya Department of Agricultural engineering Egerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EGERTONKenya

There has been tremendous changes in land use and management in the River Njoro Watershed during the last three *** large scale farms have been converted into smallholder farms and plantation forests have gradually been *** changes in land use and management have brought in different approaches that have triggered soil erosion and other forms of land *** objective of this study was to trace the changes in land use and determine their effects on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity.A semi detailed soil survey of the watershed was undertaken following a three-tier approach comprising image interpretation,field surveys and laboratory *** measured variables in the soil were analysed using ANOVA and correlation *** major land uses were found to be forestland,agricultural land,grassland,and wetland.A strong soil type_landscape relationship was observed within the *** of slopes were moderately to severely eroded,shallow and less developed whereas those on summits,pen plains,uplands,plateaus and valleys were deep and well *** stability was the highest in forestland and decreased in the order of grassland,agricultural land and wetland *** mean weight diameter under the various land use conditions was 0.68,0.64,0.58,and 041 *** conductivity was the highest in forest-land and decreased in the order of agricultural land,grassland and wetland *** was significant negative correlation between hydraulic conductivity and the bulk density and clay content of the *** aggregate stability and lowered hydraulic conductivity is likely to be responsible for some of the severe soil erosion and other forms of land degradation observed in the River Njoro Watershed.

关键词： Land use Land management Land degradation Aggregate stability

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Who needs myopia control?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2021年第9期14卷 1297-1301页

作者： Yan-Xian Chen Chi-Mei Liao zachary Tan Ming-Guang He State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen 518000Guangdong ProvinceChina Centre for eye Research Australia University of MelbourneRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourne 3010Australia

Myopia has become a major visual disorder among school-aged children in east Asia due to its rising prevalence over the past few decades and will continue to be a leading health issue with an annual incidence as high as 20%-30%.Although various interventions have been proposed for myopia control,consensus in treatment strategies has yet to be fully *** and orthokeratology stand out for their effectiveness in myopia progression control,but children with rapid progression of myopia require treatment with higher concentrations of atropine that are associated with increased rates of side effects,or with orthokeratology that carries risk of significant ***,improved risk assessment for myopia onset and progression in children is critical in clinical *** traditional prediction models based on genetic effects and environmental exposures within populations,individualized prediction using machine learning and data based on age-specific refraction is *** emerging treatments for myopia are promising and some have been incorporated into clinical practice,identifying populations who require and benefit from intervention remains the most important initial step for clinical practice.

关键词： myopia control prediction intervention

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