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engineering for Inclusion:empowering Individuals with Physical and Neurological Differences through engineering Invention,Research,and Development

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engineering 2021年第2期7卷 141-143页

作者： Peter T.Cummings Philippe M.Fauchet Michael Goldfarb Martha W.M.Jones Maithilee Kunda Jonathan B.Perlin Nilanjan Sarkar Keivan G.Stassun zachary e.warren Karl e.Zelik Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1604USA Department of electrical engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1826USA Department of Mechanical engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1592USA Department of Medicine Healthand SocietyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1665USA The Frist Center for Autism and Innovation Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1807USA Department of Biomedical engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1631USA HCA Healthcare NashvilleTN 37203USA Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232USA Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders Vanderbilt Kennedy CenterNashvilleTN 37203USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37212USA

*** The use of engineering tools,design,research,and thinking to create environments and capabilities whereby individuals who are currently under-employed or unemployed due to a physical disability(e.g.,amputation or spinal cord injury)or neurological difference(e.g.,autism)are enabled to become fully productive and employed members of society has been the implicit goal of decades of research at Vanderbilt University and *** Vanderbilt University,progress in these areas has been greatly facilitated by the proximity of the School of engineering to the world-class Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the resulting close collaboration between engineering and medical researchers.

关键词： has environments power

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Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 725-739页

作者： Benjamin R.Helmold Angela Ahrens zachary Fitzgerald P.Hande Ozdinler Department of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Center for Developmental TherapeuticsChemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Feinberg School of Medicine Les Turner ALS Center at Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. Protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. This line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

关键词： ALS2 alsin amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hereditary spastic paraplegia neurodegenerative diseases personalized medicine precision medicine protein interactome protein-protein interactions SPAST spastin

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What strategies are implied by STRATeGY?

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第3期60卷 319-320页

作者： zachary Bloomgarden Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York NY 10029USA

Weng and coauthors enrolled 5,535 type 2 diabetic patients in a study of the combined effect of metformin with sitagliptin,nearly half achieving HbAlc〈7.0%,with an average 0.85%fall from a baseline of 8.03%.This supp... 详细信息

关键词：隐含二甲双胍 2型糖尿病联合效应抑制剂

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A Multi-Point Distance-Bounding Protocol for Securing Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2020年第4期35卷 825-842页

作者： zachary P.Languell Qijun Gu Department of Computer Science Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA

The Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B)protocol is being adopted for use in unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)as the primary source of information for emerging multi-UAV collision avoidance *** lack of security features in ADS-B leaves any processes dependent upon the information vulnerable to a variety of threats from compromised and dishonest *** could result in substantial losses or damage to *** research proposes a new distance-bounding scheme for verifying the distance and flight trajectory in the ADS-B broadcast data from surrounding *** proposed scheme enables UAVs or ground stations to identify fraudulent UAVs and avoid *** scheme was implemented and tested in the ArduPilot SITL(Software In The Loop)simulator to verify its ability to detect fraudulent *** experiments showed that the scheme achieved the desired accuracy in both flight trajectory measurement and attack detection.

关键词： automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) distance bounding collision airspace safety

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Transcription factors promote neural regeneration after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2439-2440页

作者： zachary Finkel Li Cai Department of Biomedical engineering Rutgers University

Human spinal cord injury (SCI) results in locomotor and sensory disabilities,which severely affect the quality of *** restore function after SCI,it is necessary to repair and reconstruct the damaged local *** hurdles in neural regeneration include a limited level of neurogenesis in the adult spinal cord and an inflammatory microenvironment that inhibits neurogenesis and axon regeneration.

关键词： neural injury SCI

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evaluation of Ruminal Dry Matter Disappearance and pH of Dry Corn, High-Moisture Corn, and Rye under in Vitro Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 327-332页

作者： warren Carl Rusche zachary Kidd Foster Smith South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYe). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYe compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to DRC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for RYe by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYe compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to DRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.

关键词： Corn Grain Processing Ruminal Fermentation Rye

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First integrals of the axisymmetric shape equation of lipid membranes

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第3期27卷 551-559页

作者： Yi-Heng Zhang zachary McDargh Zhan-Chun Tu Department of Physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburgh PA 15213USA

The shape equation of lipid membranes is a fourth-order partial differential *** the axisymmetric condi-tion,this equation was transformed into a second-order ordinary differential equation(ODe)by Zheng and Liu(***.e 482856(1993)).Here we try to further reduce this second-order ODe to a first-order ***,we invert the usual process of variational calculus,that is,we construct a Lagrangian for which the ODe is the corresponding euler-Lagrange ***,we seek symmetries of this Lagrangian according to the Noether *** a certain restriction on Lie groups of the shape equation,we find that the first integral only exists when the shape equation is identical to the Will-more equation,in which case the symmetry leading to the first integral is scale *** also obtain the mechanical interpretation of the first integral by using the membrane stress tensor.

关键词： lipid membrane shape equation first integral Noether theorem

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From landrace to modern hybrid broccoli:the genomic and morphological domestication syndrome within a diverse *** collection

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 574-590页

作者： zachary Stansell Thomas Björkman Cornell University School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14850USA Cornell AgriTech Cornell UniversityGenevaNY 14456USA

Worldwide,broccoli(Brassica oleracea ***)is among the most economically important,nutritionally rich,and widely-grown vegetable *** explore the genomic basis of the dramatic changes in broccoli morphology in the last century,we evaluated 109 broccoli or broccoli/cauliflower intermediates for 24 horticultural ***-bysequencing markers were used to determine four subpopulations within italica:Calabrese broccoli landraces and hybrids,sprouting broccoli,and violet cauliflower,and to evaluate between and within group relatedness and *** overall horticultural quality and harvest index of improved hybrid broccoli germplasm has increased by year of cultivar release,this improvement has been accompanied by a considerable reduction in allelic diversity when compared to the larger pool of *** landraces are the most likely founding source of modern broccoli hybrids,and within these modern hybrids,we identified 13 reduction-in-diversity genomic regions,53 selective sweeps,and 30(>1 Mbp)runs of *** accessions collected in southern Italy contained 4.8-fold greater unique alleles per accessions compared to modern hybrids and provide a valuable resource in subsequent improvement *** work broadens the understanding of broccoli germplasm,informs conservation efforts,and enables breeding for complex quality traits and regionally adapted cultivars.

关键词： cultivar germplasm breeding

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Facile synthesis of intra-nanogap enhanced Raman tags with different shapes

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8415-8423页

作者： Sanjun Fan Brian T.Scarpitti Zhewen Luo Abigail e.Smith Jian Ye zachary D.Schultz Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA School of Biomedical engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Hot spot engineering in plasmonic nanostructures plays a significant role in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SeRS)for bioanalysis and cell ***,creating stable,reproducible,and strong SeRS signals remains challenging due to the potential interference from surrounding chemicals and locating SeRS-active analytes into hot-spot ***,we developed a straightforward approach to synthesize intra-gap nanoparticles encapsulating 4-nitrobenzenethiol(4-NBT)as a reporter molecule within these gaps to avoid outside *** made three kinds of intra-gap nanoparticles using nanorods,bipyramids,and nanospheres as cores,in which the nanorods based intra-gap nanoparticles exhibit the highest SeRS *** advantage of our method is the ease of preparation of high-yield and stable intra-gap nanoparticles characterized by a short incubation time(10 min)with 4-NBT and quick synthesis without requiring an additional step to centrifuge for the purification of core *** intense localized field in the synthesized hot spots of these plasmonic gap nanostructures holds great promise as a SeRS substrate for a broad range of quantitative optical applications.

关键词： hot spot engineering surface enhanced Raman scattering intra-gap nanoparticles 4-nitrobenzenethiol

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Cyclooxygenase-2 and the inflammogenesis of breast cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第4期5卷 677-692页

作者： Randall e Harris Bruce C Casto zachary M Harris The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH 43210-1351 United States College of Medicine and College of Public Health Center of Molecular Epidemiology and Environmental Health The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH 43210-1351 United States

Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that constitutive overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is a ubiquitous driver of mammary carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, that COX-2 blockade has strong potential for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Key findings include the following:(1) COX-2 is constitutively expressed throughout breast cancer development and expression intensifies with stage at detection, cancer progression and metastasis;(2) essential features of mammary carcinogenesis(mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin e2(PGe-2) biosynthesis;(3) upregulation of COX-2 and PGe-2 expression induces transcription of CYP-19 and aromatase-catalyzed estrogen biosynthesis which stimulates unbridled mitogenesis;(4) extrahe-patic CYP-1B1 in mammary adipose tissue converts paracrine estrogen to carcinogenic quinones with mutagenic impact; and(5) agents that inhibit COX-2 reduce the risk of breast cancer in women without disease and reduce recurrence risk and mortality in women with breast cancer. Recent sharp increases in global breast cancer incidence and mortality are likely driven by chronic inflammation of mammary adipose and upregulation of COX-2 associated with the obesity pandemic. The totality of evidence clearly supports the supposition that mammary carcinogenesis often evolves as a progressive series of highly specific cellular and molecular changes in response to induction of constitutive overexpression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade in the "inflammogenesis of breast cancer".

关键词： Breast Cancer Cyclooxygenase-2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Inflammogenesis estrogen Aromatase

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