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A gap-free genome assembly of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii anddetection of translocations induced by CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 249-271页

作者： zachary L.Payne Gervette M.Penny Tychele N.Turner Susan K.dutcher department of Genetics Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO 63110USA

Genomic assemblies of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have provided important resources for ***,assembly errors,large gaps,and unplaced scaffolds as well as strain-specific variants currently impede many types of *** combining PacBio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore long-read technologies,we generated a de novo genome assembly for strain CC-5816,derived from crosses of strains CC-125 and *** methods of evaluating genome completeness and base-pair error rate suggest that the final telomere-to-telomere assembly is highly *** CC-5816 assembly enabled previously difficult analyses that include characterization of the 17 centromeres,rdNA arrays on three chromosomes,and 56 insertions of organellar dNA into the nuclear *** Nanopore sequencing,we identified sites of cytosine(CpG)methylation,which are enriched at *** analyzed CRISPR-Cas9 insertional mutants in the PF23 *** of the three alleles produced progeny that displayed patterns of meiotic inviability that suggested the presence of a chromosomal *** Nanopore reads from pf23-2 and pf23-3 onto the CC-5816 genome showed that these two strains each carry a translocation that was initiated at the PF23 gene locus on chromosome 11 and joined with chromosomes 5 or 3,*** translocations were verified by demonstrating linkage between loci on the two translocated chromosomes in meiotic *** three pf23 alleles display the expected short-cilia phenotype,and immunoblotting showed that pf23-2 lacks the PF23 *** CC-5816 genome assembly will undoubtedly provide an important tool for the Chlamydomonas research community.

关键词： alga reference genome de novo PacBio Nanopore structural variation

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Incorporating extreme event attribution into climate change adaptation for civil infrastructure:Methods,benefits,and research needs

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Resilient Cities and Structures 2024年第1期3卷 103-113页

作者： Yating Zhang Bilal M.Ayyub Juan F.Fung zachary M.Labe department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742 Applied Economics Office Engineering LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899 Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08540

In the last decade,the detection and attribution science that links climate change to extreme weather and climate events has emerged as a growing field of research with an increasing body of *** paper overviews the methods for extreme event attribution(EEA)and discusses the new insights that EEA provides for infrastructure *** found that EEA can inform stakeholders about current climate risk,support vulnerability-based and hazard-based adaptations,assist in the development of cost-effective adaptation strategies,and enhance justice and equity in the allocation of adaptation *** engineering practice shifts from a retrospective approach to a proactive,forward-looking risk management strategy,EEA can be used together with climate projections to enhance the comprehensiveness of decision making,including planning and preparing for un-precedented extreme ***,attribution assessment can be more useful for adaptation planning when the exposure and vulnerability of communities to past events are analyzed,and future changes in the probability of extreme events are *** large uncertainties inherent in event attribution and climate projections,future research should examine the sensitivity of engineering design to climate model uncertainties,and adapt engineering practice,including building codes,to uncertain future *** this study focuses on adaptation planning,EEA can also be a useful tool for informing and enhancing decisions related to climate mitigation.

关键词： Climate change Extreme weather and climate events Extreme event attribution Infrastructure adaptation Uncertainties

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Generation of Rate-of-Injection (ROI) profile for Computational Fluid dynamics (CFd) model of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) using machine learning

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Energy and AI 2022年第2期8卷 100-115页

作者： zachary Williams Ahmed Moiz Khanh Cung Mike Smith Thomas Briggs Christopher Bitsis Jason Miwa Southwest Research Institute United States

Injector configuration and spray characteristics are important parameters that define diesel combustion and emissions performance. One of the critical spray inputs is the Rate-of-Injection (ROI) profile. The ROI profile depends on the spray’s operating conditions, including nozzle geometry (e.g., nozzle diameter), injection pressure, and injection duration. Besides, the internal nozzle flow phenomenon and external ambient conditions can further impact fuel introduction characteristics. This study measured the ROI profile of a heavy-duty (multi-hole) diesel injector using the Bosch tube technique. Injection pressure and injection duration were varied from 600 to 2600 bar and 0.5–3.0 ms, respectively. After post-processing, measurement data were then used to train numerical models, including a developed machine learning (ML) model that can create very similar ROI profiles with experimental data. Next, a Computational Fluid dynamics (CFd) simulation used the ROI profile generated by ML model. For comparison, there are other simplified ROI profiles used in similar CFd simulation configuration. Results showed that the any difference in ROI profiles could affect the combustion and emissions significantly. This further emphasizes the need to provide high-fidelity spray input in terms of ROI profile for CFd simulation. The current ML model can deliver a realistic ROI profile for any given rail pressure and injection duration.

关键词： Rate of Injection diesel injector Machine learning CFd

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Sensing the Heartbeat of China’s dynamic Economy in Yiwu

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China Today 2024年第4期73卷 35-38页

作者： zachary LUNdQUIST 不详

Over the last 30 years,China’s small commodity market has been a big driving force for economic growth,and the city of Yiwu is the largest small commodity market in *** stong vitality today gives us a picture into ho... 详细信息

关键词： commodity China. driving

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Electromyographic and Mechanomyographic Responses during Isokinetic Leg Extensions in Children Versus Adolescents

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 226-235页

作者： zachary M.Gillen Marni E.Shoemaker Joel T.Cramer department of Kinesiology Mississippi State University236 McCarthy GymnasiumStarkvilleMS 39762USA School of Health and Consumer Sciences South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSDUSA College of Health Professions and Sciences University of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine peak torque(PT),mean power(MP),electromyographic(EMG)amplitude,mechanomyographic(MMG)amplitude,and neuromuscular efficiency from EMG and MMG amplitude(NME_(EMG)and NME_(MMG),respectively)across the velocity spectrum in children versus *** Seventeen children(n=8 males,n=9 females)and 22 adolescents(n=11 males,n=11 females)*** completed maximal concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 60,120,180,240 and 300°/***,MP,EMG amplitude,and MMG amplitude were quantified during all muscle ***_(EMG)and NME_(MMG)were quantified by expressing PT relative to EMG and MMG amplitude,respectively,for each muscle *** PT,MP,NME_(EMG),and NME_(MMG)were greater for the adolescents than the children collapsed across sex and veloc-ity(P≤0.021).There were no significant differences for EMG amplitude(P≥0.051),while MMG amplitude increased significantly from 60 to 240°/s(Pdecreased significantly from 240 to 300°/s(Pdless of velocity,the expression of PT relative to EMG and MMG amplitude(NME_(EMG)and NME_(MMG),respectively),in conjunction with measurements of torque and power production,may provide practitioners a unique method of examining growth and development-related augmentations in neuromuscular function during dynamic movements.

关键词： Electromyography Mechanomyography Neuromuscular efficiency Growth and development

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Regional and National Trends of Adult Living donor Liver Transplantation in the United States Over the Last Two decades

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 814-824页

作者： Saleh A.Alqahtani Ahmet Gurakar Hani Tamim Thomas d.Schiano Alan Bonder zachary Fricker Marwan Kazimi devin E.Eckhoff Michael P.Curry Behnam Saberi Johns Hopkins University Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBaltimoreMDUSA American University of Beirut Department of Internal MedicineBeirutLebanon Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Division of Liver DiseasesNew YorkNYUSA Beth Israel deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Background and Aims:Liver organ shortage remains a major health burden in the US,with more patients being waitlisted than the number of liver transplants(LTs)*** study investigated US national and regional trends in living donor LT(LdLT)and identified factors associated with recipient ***:We retrospectively analyzed LdLT recipients and donors from the United Network Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement Transplant Network database from 1998 until 2019 for clinical characteristics,demographic differences,and survival *** and regional trends in LdLT,recipient outcomes,and predictors of survival were ***:Of the 223,571 candidates listed for an LT,57.5%received an organ,of which only 4.2%were *** adult LdLTs first peaked at 412 in 2001 but experienced a significant decline to 168 by *** then gradually increased to 445 in *** 2 had the highest LdLT numbers(n=919),while region 1 had the highest proportion(11.1%).Overall,post-LT mortality was 21.4%among LdLT ***-LdLT survival rates after 1-,5-,and 10-years were 92%,87%,and 70%,*** analysis(2004–2019)showed that patients undergoing LdLT in recent years had lower mortality than in earlier years(hazard ratio=0.81,95%confidence interval=0.75–0.88).Conclusions:Following a substantial decline after a peak in 2001,the number of adult LdLTs steadily increased from 2011 to ***,LdLTs still constitute the minority of the transplant pool in the *** policies to increase the use of LdLTs,particularly in regions of high organ demand,should be implemented.

关键词： Living donor Liver transplantation Survival UNOS Organ demand

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does carrier fluid reduce low flow drug infusion error from syringe size?

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2020年第2期9卷 17-28页

作者： zachary C Madson Sitaram Vangala Grace T Sund James A Lin Pediatric Hospitalist Medicine Lutheran Children's HospitalFort WayneIN 46804United States Medicine Statistics Core David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States department of Nursing UCLA Mattel Children's HospitalLos AngelesCA 90095United States department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

BACKGROUNd Critically ill neonates and pediatric patients commonly require multiple low flow *** limitations are imposed by small body habitus and comorbidities like cardiopulmonary disease,renal failure,or fluid *** access is limited by diminutive *** fluids or parenteral nutrition in conjunction with actively titrated infusions such as insulin,fentanyl,prostaglandins,inotropes and vasopressors may necessitate simultaneous infusions using a single lumen to maintain vascular catheter *** requirement for multiple titratable infusions requires concentrated medications at low flows,rather than more dilute drugs at higher flows that in combination may volume overload small *** To determine whether carrier fluid reduces variability that variability of low flow drug infusions is proportional to syringe size in pediatric critical *** We assessed concentrations of orange“drug”in a 0.2 mL/h low flow clinical model with blue dyed carrier fluid at 5 mL/h,using 3-,10-,or 60-mL syringes.A graduated volumetric pipette was used to measure total *** time to target concentration was 30,21,and 46 min in 3-,10-,and 60-mL syringes,respectively(P=0.42).After achieving target concentration,more dilute drug was delivered by 60-mL(Pd 10-mL syringes(P=0.04)compared to 3-mL *** overdoses were observed during the initial 45 min of infusion in 10-and 60-mL *** volumes infused after target concentration were less in the 60-mL condition compared to 3-mL(Pd 10-mL(Pd effects models demonstrated lesser delivered drug concentrations in the initial 30 min by 3-mL compared to 10-and 60-mL syringes(P=0.005 and Pdrug concentrations and total infused drug in the subsequent 30-60 and 60-90 min intervals with the 3-and 10-mL compared to 60-mL *** With carrier fluid,larger syringes were associated with significantly

关键词： Infusion pumps Intensive care Neonatal Nursing research Patient safety Spectrophotometry Syringes

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does Ruxolitinib, in Comparison to Best Available Therapy (BAT), Improve Pruritis Symptoms in Patients with Polycythemia Vera?

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 35-43页

作者： zachary Samuel Thorogood Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia USA

Polycythemia vera manifests as a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with diverse symptoms, including aquagenic pruritis. This systematic review addresses the pressing need to enhance the understanding of the disease’s symptomatology and optimize treatment strategies for improved patient outcomes. The rarity and low prevalence of polycythemia vera underscore the importance of this investigation, as existing standard of care involves a multifaceted approach and significant healthcare costs. despite advancement in therapeutic options, persistent symptoms and resistance to first-line treatments pose challenges. Ruxolitinib has emerged as a promising intervention, demonstrating clinically significant improvement for patients. This systematic review appraises three randomized controlled trials, shedding light on the efficacy of ruxolitinib and its potential to ameliorate pruritis symptoms in symptomatic patients.

关键词： Polycythemia Vera Ruxolitinib Pruritis

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Utility of d-dimer in total joint arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第3期14卷 90-102页

作者： Brenden Cutter zachary C Lum Mauro Giordani John P Meehan department of Orthopedic Surgery Valley Orthopedic Surgery Residency/Valley Consortium for Medical EducationModestoCA 95351United States department of Orthopaedics Adult Reconstruction DivisionUniversity of CaliforniaDavis Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95817United States

As the number of patients receiving total joint replacements continues to rise,considerable attention has been directed towards the early detection and prevention of postoperative *** d-dimer has long been studied as a diagnostic tool in venous thromboembolism(VTE),this assay has recently received considerable attention in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection(PJI).d-dimer values are substantially elevated in the acute postoperative period after total joint arthroplasty,with levels often exceeding the standard institutional cutoff for VTE(500µg/L).The utility of d-dimer in detecting VTE after total joint replacement is currently limited,and more research to assess its value in the setting of contemporary prophylaxis protocols is *** literature supports d-dimer as a good to excellent biomarker for the diagnosis of chronic PJI,especially when using serum sample *** should exercise caution when interpreting d-dimer levels in patients with inflammatory and hypercoagulability disorders,as the diagnostic value is *** updated 2018 Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria,which includes d-dimer levels>860µg/L as a minor criterion,may be the most accurate for diagnosing chronic PJI to *** prospective trials with transparent lab testing protocols are needed to establish best assay practices and optimal cutoff values for d-dimer in the diagnosis of *** review summarizes the most current literature on the value of d-dimer in total joint arthroplasty and elucidates areas for future progress.

关键词： d-dimer diagnosis Periprosthetic joint infection Venous thromboembolism deep vein thrombosis Arthroplasty

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Why total knees fail-A modern perspective review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第4期9卷 60-64页

作者： zachary C Lum Alvin K Shieh Lawrence d dorr department of Orthopaedic Surgery Davis Medical Center University of California department of Orthopaedic Surgery Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California

Historically, the most common mechanism of total kneearthroplasty(TKA) failures included aseptic loosening, instability and malalignment. As polyethylene production improved, modes of failure from polyethylene wear and subsequent osteolysis became less prevalent. Newer longitudinal studies report that infection has become the primary acute cause of failure with loosening and instability remaining as the overall greatest reasons for revision. Clinical database and worldwide national registries confirm these reports. With an increasing amount of TKA operations performed in the United States, and with focus on value-based healthcare, it is imperative to understand why total knees fail.

关键词： Total knee arthroplasty failure mechanism Total knee arthroplasty failure mode Revision total knee arthroplasty Periprosthetic joint infection Aseptic loosening total knee Total knee arthroplasty instability

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