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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 397-404页

作者： Bryanne N.Bellovary Andrew d.Wells zachary J.Fennel Jonathan M.Houck desmond J.Millender Kelsey C.Bourbeau Christine M.Mermier department of Health Exerciseand Sports SciencesUniversity of New MexicoJohnson Center B143 MSC042610AlbuquerqueNM 87131-0001USA

Purpose The Elevation Training Mask(ETM)has been assessed for its impact on exercise performance using acute and training *** the ETM is widely available to consumers,little research exists for validation of the ETM mask ***,the purpose of this study was to compare physiological responses during exercise for the ETM mask settings against moderate hypobaric *** Nine participants living at moderate altitude(1600-1650 m)rested(10 min)and cycled in hypobaric hypoxia simulating 2743 m(ALT),in hypobaric hypoxia simulating 1829 m with the ETM set to 914 m(ALT+ETM),and with the ETM set to 2743 m(ETM)in a randomized *** cycled for 20 min at 60%VO_(2max)as determined by a maximal exertion test(VO_(2max))at baseline *** consumption was measured throughout each *** There were no differences between conditions at *** measures ANOVA showed the ALT condition elicited significantly greater VO_(2) compared to the ETM condition and 60%VO_(2max)at baseline altitude(Pd workload,the exercising VO_(2) was higher in the ALT condition than at the ETM mask setting of 2743 m and exercising VO2 during the ETM condition was similar to 60%VO_(2max)at baseline *** results of this study indicate that the ETM did not produce additional metabolic stress compared to hypobaric hypoxia during steady-state exercise in moderate-altitude living individuals.

关键词： Intermittent hypoxia Training mask Acute cycling Altitude

Organotypic Models for Functional drug Testing of Human Cancers

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 103-112页

作者： Yu Ling Huang Lindsay K.dickerson Heidi Kenerson Xiuyun Jiang Venu Pillarisetty Qiang Tian Leroy hood Taranjit S.Gujral Raymond S.Yeung division of Human Biology Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWAUSA department of Surgery University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA National Research Center for Translational Medicine Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Institute for Systems Biology Phenome Health InstituteSeattleWAUSA

In the era of personalized oncology,there have been accelerated efforts to develop clinically relevant platforms to test drug sensitivities of individual *** ideal assay will serve as a diagnostic companion to inform the oncologist of the various treatments that are sensitive and insensitive,thus improving outcome while minimizing unnecessary toxicities and *** date,no such platform exists for clinical use,but promising approaches are on the horizon that take advantage of improved techniques in creating human cancer models that encompass the entire tumor microenvironment,alongside technologies for assessing and analyzing tumor *** review summarizes a number of current strategies that make use of intact human cancer tissues as organotypic cultures in drug sensitivity testing.

关键词： Cancer horizon Human

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气管插管所致的食管穿孔

国际麻醉学与复苏杂志 1987年第5期08卷 300-302页

作者： Johnson K G hood d d 汤红

缺乏经验的操作者在紧急气管插管时可能造成食管穿孔。然而,食管损伤是发生在经多次检查的情况下的。食管穿孔一旦发生,可引起皮下气肿、气胸、紫绀、咽喉痛、发烧、纵隔炎、脓胸、心脏周围炎甚至死亡。及时诊断与手术治疗能有效地防止... 详细信息

缺乏经验的操作者在紧急气管插管时可能造成食管穿孔。然而,食管损伤是发生在经多次检查的情况下的。食管穿孔一旦发生,可引起皮下气肿、气胸、紫绀、咽喉痛、发烧、纵隔炎、脓胸、心脏周围炎甚至死亡。及时诊断与手术治疗能有效地防止这些晚期并发症。作者报道1例发生于麻醉诱导和气管插管期间的食管穿孔,表现为即刻危急生命的呼吸困难——皮下气肿和双侧气胸,由于诊断治疗及时,病人痊愈。患者女性,62岁,因小肠梗阻入院,既往无明显异常。最初由于病人拒绝手术治疗而采用鼻胃管吸引,入院第(?)天,经左锁骨下静脉穿刺导管给予非肠道营养治疗。入院后第10天,病人同意腹部探查,术前,病人

关键词：食管穿孔病人气胸胸腔疾病皮下气肿气管插管

Evaluation of Ruminal dry Matter disappearance and pH of dry Corn, High-Moisture Corn, and Rye under in Vitro Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 327-332页

作者： Warren Carl Rusche zachary Kidd Foster Smith South dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVdMd) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;dRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYE). data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVdMd was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYE compared to dRC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVdMd was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to dRC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for RYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYE compared to dRC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to dRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVdMd and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.

关键词： Corn Grain Processing Ruminal Fermentation Rye

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多输出卷积神经网络对多步态参数的同时估计

多输出卷积神经网络对多步态参数的同时估计

作者： zachary Alan Strout 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

跑步是一项很受欢迎的运动,但是因跑步而受伤的情况也是很常见的。通过在生物力学实验室中测量某些与运动损伤或运动表现相关的参数,可以降低受伤的风险,使运动员在训练中获得更好的成绩。目前的研究利用惯性测量单元（IMU）试图在实验... 详细信息

跑步是一项很受欢迎的运动,但是因跑步而受伤的情况也是很常见的。通过在生物力学实验室中测量某些与运动损伤或运动表现相关的参数,可以降低受伤的风险,使运动员在训练中获得更好的成绩。目前的研究利用惯性测量单元（IMU）试图在实验室之外预测这些参数,许多算法都是利用白箱模型或简单的机器学习算法来实现的。随着高级机器学习算法框架的出现,用更少的假设来预测这些参数的能力大大增强。本文研究了卷积神经网络（CNN）在步态参数估计中的应用,着重研究了多参数的同时估计,同时,介绍了一种可实时反馈的用于收集机器学习步态参数训练训练数据的系统。最后,本文利用该系统对所开发的机器学习算法进行了实验验证。虽然卷积神经网络常用于图像识别,但利用CNN从数据流中提取特征的领域越来越多。同样的算法也可以用于步态参数估计。由于该算法比较复杂,并且在设计机器学习算法时需要许多不同的参数,因此本文参考了一些文献,来确定适合该应用的参数。然而,在实际应用的过程中,一部分参数可以参考理论进行调整,另一些参数只能通过实验来调整,例如同时预测两个步态参数时,使用一个具有两个输出的CNN网络是否优于两个独立的CNN网络。在实验测试中,具有两个输出的网络和两个独立网络在准确性上没有显著差异,但是两个独立网络的网络在统计上更有效率,这意味着具有两个输出的网络算法没有任何优势。本文在介绍了仅使用IMU确定足着地和足离地时间的初步算法后,介绍并详细说明了同时估计足着地方式和冲击负载率的完整算法。使用机器学习需要考虑的首要因素是如何得到训练模型所需的数据。该数据具有以下几个要求:具有算法所需的正确的、高质量的数据,足够的数据量以及较为准确的真值测量,以便对算法进行验证。为了满足这些要求,本文设计了一个基于实时反馈的机器学习数据采集系统,该系统由硬件和软件两部分组成。硬件部分由视觉运动捕捉系统,IMU传感器,以及可以测量地面反作用力的跑步机组成。为了捕捉受试者步态,该系统使用了一套记录步态的反光标记用于视觉运动捕捉;IMU则被固定在身体的指定位置。同时,本文针对足部设计了一个特殊的3d支架,将IMU固定在脚上。系统软件部分给出了两个实时反馈的例子,一个是足着地方式反馈,另一个是跑步步频反馈。最后,先前设计的机器学习算法的性能需要通过实验验证。为了验证这一点,男女共计18名受试者参加了使用本文设计的实时反馈系统的数据收集,这些数据用于训练同时预测足着地方式和冲击负载率的模型。实验使用了两种不同类型的鞋子对两种不同的速度进行了研究。数据收集完成后,本文使用受试者留一交叉验证对CNN的模型进行了验证。结果表明,冲击负载率真值与估计值之间的相关性为r=0.880,足着地方式真值与估计值之间的相关性为r=0.856,与以往研究相当。使用不同的鞋子进行训练和测试的结果显示,冲击负载率在两种鞋子之间存在统计学差异,而足着地方式没有统计学差异。对于使用一种性别的受试者的数据进行训练,并使用另一种性别的受试者进行测试的模型,在使用男性受试者数据进行训练、女性受试者数据进行测试的模型与使用女性受试者数据训练、男性受试者数据测试模型之间没有统计学差异。这些结果表明,虽然鞋的类型对冲击负载率的估计有一定影响,但鞋的类型和受试者性别都不会对足着地方式的估计造成影响。利用这些结果可证明:使用本文设计的系统,同时估计上述两种跑步步态参数是可行的。使用该系统可以在实验室外进行运动训练以及预防运动损伤。此外,该框架为同时估计多种步态参数的研究奠定了基础。

关键词：步态参数估计卷积神经网络跑步冲击负载率足着地方式

A Cross-cultural Examination of the Noise-sensitivity Scale-short Form:Measurement Invariance Testing between the US and Chinese Samples

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2018年第11期31卷 851-854页

作者： zachary d Miller HUANG Jun Wu Heather Costigan LUO Jing dENG Hui Juan XU Xiao Qing B derrick Taff SUN Cheng YANG Xi WANG Zhong Lei LIN dan QU Shu Wen PAN Bing LI Guang Ming Peter Newman department of Recreation Parkand Tourism ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park department of Tourism Management Shenzhen Tourism College of Jinan UniversityJinan University department of Landscape College of ArchitectureTsinghua University

Unwanted sound that is unpleasant or disruptive to hear, often interpreted as noise, is a widespread environmental pollutant. Similar to other environmental pollutants, this noise incurs a variety of costs to society. Numerous negative health impacts are linked to increases in noise exposure,such as increased cardiovascular risk;and sleep

关键词： SF NSS A Cross-cultural Examination of the Noise-sensitivity Scale-short Form:Measurement Invariance Testing between the US and Chinese Samples CFA TLI CFI US

Evading the host response:Staphylococcus“hiding”in cortical bone canalicular system causes increased bacterial burden

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Bone Research 2020年第4期8卷 447-457页

作者： Stephen d.Zoller Vishal Hegde zachary d.C.Burke Howard Y.Park Chad R.Ishmael Gideon W.Blumstein William Sheppard Christopher Hamad Amanda H.Loftin daniel O.Johansen Ryan A.Smith Marina M.Sprague Kellyn R.Hori Samuel J.Clarkson Rachel Borthwell Scott I.Simon Jeff F.Miller Scott d.Nelson Nicholas M.Bernthal department of Orthopedic Surgery University of CaliforniaLos Angeles125016th St Suite 2100Santa MonicaCA 90404USA david Geffen School of Medicine University of CaliforniaLos Angeles10833 Le Conte AveLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaLos Angeles757 Westwood PlazaSuite 7501Los AngelesCA 90095USA department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA California NanoSystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos Angeles570 Westwood PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Microbiology Immunologyand Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles 90095USA department of Pathology University of CaliforniaLos Angeles125016th St Suite 3450Santa MonicaCA 90404USA

Extremity reconstruction surgery is increasingly performed rather than amputation for patients with large-segment pathologic bone *** persists as to the optimal void filler for this“limb salvage”surgery,whether metal or allograft *** focus on optimizing important functional gains for patients,and the risk of devastating implant infection has been thought to be similar regardless of implant *** insights into infection pathophysiology are challenging this equipoise,however,with both basic science data suggesting a novel mechanism of infection of Staphylococcus aureus(the most common infecting agent)into the host lacunar–canaliculi network,and also clinical data revealing a higher rate of infection of allograft over *** current translational study was therefore developed to bridge the gap between these insights in a longitudinal murine model of infection of allograft bone and ***-time Staphylococci infection characteristics were quantified in cortical bone vs metal,and both microarchitecture of host implant and presence of host immune response were *** orders-of-magnitude higher bacterial burden was established in cortical allograft bone over both metal and cancellous *** establishment of immune-evading microabscesses was confirmed in both cortical allograft haversian canal and the submicron canaliculi network in an additional model of mouse femur bone *** study results reveal a mechanism by which Staphylococci evasion of host immunity is possible,contributing to elevated risks of infection in cortical *** presence of this local infection reservoir imparts massive clinical implications that may alter the current paradigm of osteomyelitis and bulk allograft infection treatment.

关键词： immunity insight reservoir

Synergistic effect of picosecond optical and nanosecond electrical pulses on dielectric breakdown in aqueous solutions

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Photonics Research 2021年第3期9卷 416-423页

作者： zachary N.Coker Xiao-Xuan Liang Allen S.Kiester Gary d.Noojin Joel N.Bixler Bennett L.Ibey Alfred Vogel Vladislav V.Yakovlev department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA SAIC Ft Sam HoustonTexas 78234USA Institut fur Biomedizinische Optik Universitat zu Lubeck23562 LubeckGermany Air Force Research Laboratory JBSA Fort Sam HoustonTexas 78234USA department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA

The combined effect of short(picosecond) optical and(nanosecond) electrical pulses on dielectric breakdown is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It was demonstrated that nanosecond electrical pulses(nsEPs),being applied simultaneously with picosecond optical pulses, reduce the threshold for optical *** results are discussed with respect to an extended model for opto-electrical-induced *** newly unveiled effect is expected to play a significant role in spatially confined electroporation and further advances in laser-ablation-based processes while also allowing for measurements of ambipolar diffusion constants.

关键词： breakdown optical picosecond

Role of cerebral digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of pulse synchronous tinnitus

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Journal of Otology 2021年第4期16卷 225-230页

作者： Gregory P.Lekovic zachary R.Barnard Adam Master b Gautam U.Mehta M.Marcel Maya Eric P.Wilkinson department of Neurosurgery Cedars-Sinai Medical Center127 S San Vicente BlvdLos AngelesCA90048United States division of Neurosurgery House Institute2100 West 3rd StreetLos AngelesCA90057United States division of Neurotology House Institute2100 West 3rd StreetLos AngelesCA90057United States department of Imaging Cedars-Sinai Medical Center127 S San Vicente BlvdLos AngelesCA90048United States

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of digital subtraction angiography (dSA) in thediagnostic evaluation of a highly selected patient population presenting with pulse-synchronous tinnitus(PST).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients referred for evaluation of possiblevascular etiology of pulsatile tinnitus. Patients were evaluated with regards to presenting signs,comorbidities, non-invasive imaging results, angiographic findings and ***: Fifteen patients underwent cerebral dSA. dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) was identified in sixpatients, and five patients had other significant vascular pathology identified on dSA. Seven patientswith ‘negative’ non-invasive imaging were found to have significant pathology on ***: Catheter angiography may have a significant yield in appropriately selected patients presenting with pulse synchronous tinnitus.

关键词： Pulse-synchronous tinnitus Transverse-sigmoid arteriovenous fistula Vascular tinnitus Cerebral angiography