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Effects of land use and management on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity of soils within River Njoro Watershed in Kenya

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第2期1卷 80-87页

作者： zachary G.Mainuri James O.Owino Department of Crops Horticulture and Soil ScienceEgerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EGERTONKenya Department of Agricultural Engineering Egerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EGERTONKenya

There has been tremendous changes in land use and management in the River Njoro Watershed during the last three *** large scale farms have been converted into smallholder farms and plantation forests have gradually been *** changes in land use and management have brought in different approaches that have triggered soil erosion and other forms of land *** objective of this study was to trace the changes in land use and determine their effects on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity.A semi detailed soil survey of the watershed was undertaken following a three-tier approach comprising image interpretation,field surveys and laboratory *** measured variables in the soil were analysed using ANOVA and correlation *** major land uses were found to be forestland,agricultural land,grassland,and wetland.A strong soil type_landscape relationship was observed within the *** of slopes were moderately to severely eroded,shallow and less developed whereas those on summits,pen plains,uplands,plateaus and valleys were deep and well *** stability was the highest in forestland and decreased in the order of grassland,agricultural land and wetland *** mean weight diameter under the various land use conditions was 0.68,0.64,0.58,and 041 *** conductivity was the highest in forest-land and decreased in the order of agricultural land,grassland and wetland *** was significant negative correlation between hydraulic conductivity and the bulk density and clay content of the *** aggregate stability and lowered hydraulic conductivity is likely to be responsible for some of the severe soil erosion and other forms of land degradation observed in the River Njoro Watershed.

关键词： Land use Land management Land degradation Aggregate stability

Who needs myopia control?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第9期14卷 1297-1301页

作者： Yan-Xian Chen Chi-Mei Liao zachary Tan Ming-Guang He State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen 518000Guangdong ProvinceChina Centre for Eye Research Australia University of MelbourneRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourne 3010Australia

Myopia has become a major visual disorder among school-aged children in East Asia due to its rising prevalence over the past few decades and will continue to be a leading health issue with an annual incidence as high as 20%-30%.Although various interventions have been proposed for myopia control,consensus in treatment strategies has yet to be fully *** and orthokeratology stand out for their effectiveness in myopia progression control,but children with rapid progression of myopia require treatment with higher concentrations of atropine that are associated with increased rates of side effects,or with orthokeratology that carries risk of significant ***,improved risk assessment for myopia onset and progression in children is critical in clinical *** traditional prediction models based on genetic effects and environmental exposures within populations,individualized prediction using machine learning and data based on age-specific refraction is *** emerging treatments for myopia are promising and some have been incorporated into clinical practice,identifying populations who require and benefit from intervention remains the most important initial step for clinical practice.

关键词： myopia control prediction intervention

Impact of hydrolysis on surface area and energy storage applications of activated carbons produced from corn fiber and soy hulls

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2020年第1期3卷 19-28页

作者： zachary D.Herde Ruchira Dharmasena Gamini Sumanasekera Jaya Shankar Tumuluru Jagannadh Satyavolu Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Energy Systems Laboratory Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsIDUSA School of Chemical and Biomolecular Eng Georgia Institute of TechnologyUnited States

Complete utilization of lignocellulosic biomass through the creation of value-added coproducts is one of the key strategies of the Bioenergy Technologies Office(BETO)for the cost-effective production of biofuels and biochemicals.A green approach to producing lightweight and high specific surface area(SSA)activated carbons(ACs)from sustainable biomass sources is of great interest to producers and users of energy devices such as batteries and *** direct conversion from biomass has been studied extensively,AC with relatively high surface areas can be produced more cost-effectively when leveraged as a co-product from a *** this paper,we discuss the production of high specific surface area activated carbons from residual fiber(fiber remaining after extraction of C5-sugars)generated as part of a C5 *** surface,morphological characteristics using SEM and TEM,and energy storage behavior of ACs produced using the C5 extracted residual fiber were evaluated in the present *** ACs produced from the residual fiber delivered an order of magnitude higher surface area than the one directly from corn pericarp fiber and soy *** surface area of the ACs produced from pre-hydrolysis DDG was only 10 m^(2)/g compared to 689 m^(2)/g for soy hulls whereas after hydrolysis these values increased significantly(DDG:1700 m^(2)/g and soy hulls:1300 m^(2)/g).TEM images indicated high exfoliation,explaining the change in surface area *** the same current density(500 mA/g)the cycling performance of the ACs increased as the surface area increased significantly.

关键词： Agricultural residues Hydrolysis Activated carbon Surface area characterization Surface morphology

Mblk-1 regulates sugar responsiveness in honey bee(Apis mellifera)foragers

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 683-690页

作者： Fang Liu Lixian Wu Yuan Zhang Qiang Li Liangbin Li zachary Y.Huang Hongxia Zhao Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesChina Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnan650224China Department of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

Brain transcriptional regulatory network for behavior demonstrates that brain gene expression in the honey bee can be accurately predicted from the expression transcription factors(TFs),but roles for specific TFs are less *** bodies(MBs)are important for learning,memory and sensory integration in the honey bee brain.A TFs,Mblk-1,expressed preferentially in the large-type Kenyon cells of the honeybee MBs is predicted to be involved in brain function by regulating transcription of its target genes in honey ***,its function and the mechanism of regulation in behavior of honey bee is still *** we show that Mblk-1 had significantly higher expression in the brains of forager bees relative to nurse ***-1 was significantly inhibited in bees fed small interfering *** addition,inhibition of Mblk-1 decreased sucrose responsiveness in ***,we determined that Mblk-1 regulated the messenger RNA of *** findings suggest that Mblk-1 may target AmGRl to regulate the sucrose responsiveness of foragers.

关键词： division of labor GRs honey bee Mblk-1 sucrose responsiveness

Systematic review of single stage revision for prosthetic joint infection

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第12期11卷 559-572页

作者： zachary C Lum Christopher Thomas Holland John P Meehan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Davis Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSacramentoCA 95817United States Department of Orthopaedics University of CaliforniaDavis Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95817United States

While advanced technology,increased medical knowledge and improved surgical technique has improved patient outcomes in total joint arthroplasty,prosthetic joint infection still remains one of the leading causes of increased healthcare costs,medical resources and societal burdens in orthopaedic *** stage arthroplasty revision remains the gold standard for treatment of prosthetic joint *** of single stage revision arthroplasty for infection argue that it results in lower healthcare costs while improving patient reported functional outcomes and with equivalent success *** we review the history of single stage revision arthroplasty,discuss the key principles,highlight the indications and contraindications,and review the reported outcomes with a focus on future developments of single stage revision arthroplasty for hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections.

关键词： Prosthetic joint infection Single stage Revision total joint arthroplasty Total knee arthroplasty Infection

Neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:Opportunities for personalized cancer care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第27期27卷 4383-4394页

作者： Ahmad Hamad zachary J Brown Aslam M Ejaz Mary Dillhoff Jordan M Cloyd Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43215United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive malignancy that is best treated in a multidisciplinary fashion using surgery,chemotherapy,and *** chemotherapy has shown to have a significant survival benefit in patients with resected ***,up to 50%of patients fail to receive adjuvant chemotherapy due to postoperative complications,poor patient performance status or early disease *** order to ensure the delivery of chemotherapy,an alternative strategy is to administer systemic treatment prior to *** oncology refers to the application of diverse strategies to target therapies specific to characteristics of a patient’s *** traditionally emphasized in selecting targeted therapies based on molecular,genetic,and radiographic biomarkers for patients with metastatic disease,the neoadjuvant setting is a prime opportunity to utilize personalized *** this article,we describe the current evidence for the use of neoadjuvant therapy(NT)and highlight unique opportunities for personalized care in patients with PDAC undergoing NT.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Preoperative therapy FOLFIRINOX Precision oncology Patient-reported outcomes Personalized medicine Targeted therapy Whipple Pancreatectomy

Enforced Freedom: Electric-Field-Induced Declustering of Ionic-Liquid Ions in the Electrical Double Layer

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2020年第3期3卷 414-420页

作者： Yufan Zhang Ting Ye Ming Chen zachary A.H.Goodwin Guang Feng Jun Huang Alexei A.Kornyshev IEK-13 Institute of Energy and Climate ResearchForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich 52425Germany State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)Wuhan 430074China Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondon W120BZUK Department of Physics Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Ions in the bulk of solvent-free ionic liquids bind into ion pairs and *** competition between the propensity of ions to stay in a bound state,and the reduction of the energy when unbinding in electric field,determines the portion of free ions in the electrical double *** present the simplest possible mean-field theory to study this effect."Cracking"of ion pairs into free ions in electric field is accompanied by the change of the dielectric response of the ionic *** predictions from the theory are verified and further explored by molecular dynamics simulations.A particular finding of the theory is that the differential capacitance vs potential curve displays a bell shape,despite the low concentration of free charge carriers,because the dielectric response reduces the threshold concentration for the bell-to camelshape *** presented theory does not take into account overscreening and oscillating charge distributions in the electrical double *** in spite of the simplicity of the model,its findings demonstrate a clear physical effect:a preference to be a charged monopole rather than a dipole(or higher order multipole)in strong electric field.

关键词： differential capacitance ion pairs ionic liquids unbinding

The pervasive effects of lighting environments on sensory drive in bluefin killifish： an investigation into male/male competition, female choice, and predation

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 499-512页

作者： Lisa D. MITCHEM Shannon STANIS Nicholas M. SUTTON zachary TURNER Rebecca C. FULLER School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Department of Mathematics University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

Sensory drive predicts that the conditions under which signaling takes place have large effects on signals, sensory systems, and behavior. The coupling of an ecological genetics approach with sen sory drive has been fruitful. An ecological genetics approach compares populations that experi ence different environments and asks whether population differences are adaptive and are the result of genetic and/or environmental variation. The multifaceted effects of signaling environ ments are wellexemplified by the bluefin killifish. In this system, males with blue anal fins are abundant in tanninstained swamps that lack UV/blue light but are absent in clear springs where UV/blue light is abundant. Past work indicates that lighting environments shape genetic and envir onmental variation in color patterns, visual systems, and behavior. Less is known about the select ive forces creating the across population correlations between UV/blue light and the abundance of blue males. Here, we present three new experiments that investigate the roles of lighting environ ments on male competition, female mate choice, and predation. We found strong effects of lighting environments on male competition where blue males were more likely to emerge as dominant in teastained water than in clear water. Our preliminary study on predation indicated that blue males may be less susceptible to predation in teastained water than in clear water. However, there was little evidence for female preferences favoring blue males. The resulting pattern is one where the effects of lighting environments on genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity match the direction of selection and favor the expression of blue males in swamps.

关键词： Lucania goodei adaptive plasticity intrasexual selection male competition private communication predation

Boldness and predator evasion in naturally hybridizing swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 596-603页

作者： James B. JOHNSON zachary W. CULUMBER Ryan EASTERLING Gil G. R.OSENTHAL Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station Texas TX 77843 USA Centro de lnvestigaciones Cientificas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico

Correlations among behavioral traits can generate trade-offs and constrain phenotypic evolution. Interspecific hybridization has the potential to alter behavioral trait correlations, but the effect of hybridization on suites of behavioral traits has received relatively little attention. We evaluated how natural hybridization changes the relationship between boldness （time of emergence and proportion of time out of shelter） and response to a simulated predator threat in swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）. In poeciliid fishes, bold individuals have increased survival in the presence of predators. This non-intuitive observation may arise as a result of bold individuals being more likely to engage in anti-predator behaviors. Contrary to our prediction, bold indi- viduals were less likely to perform a fast-start response to a predator threat. This correlation was consistent among populations and species but was only significant in hybrids. The observed correlation between boldness and anti-predator behavior could im- pact hybrid fitness and the evolvability of hybrid lineages. More generally, our findings suggest that hybridization could influence the integration of behavioral phenotypes, as has been amply documented for morphology. Animal personality and behavioral syndromes could therefore play an important role in the evolutionary fate of natural hybrids [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 596-603, 2015].

关键词： Trait compensation Fast-Start Anti-predator behavior hybridization Behavioral syndrome Animal personality