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Heterogeneous Trends of Precipitation Extremes in Recent Two Decades over East Africa

Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第6期35卷 1057-1073页

作者： zacharia florence mtewele Xiyan XU Gensuo JIA Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Physics Department University of Dares SalaamDares Salaam P.O.Box 35063Tanzania

East Africa is so vulnerable to the impacts of precipitation extremes varying from frequent floods to prolonged ***,systematic regional assessment of precipitation extremes across seasons has received little attention,and most previous studies of precipitation extremes have employed many indices and sparse gauge observations giving marginalized *** this study,we use three precipitation extreme indices to examine the intensity of the highest single-day rainfall record(rx1day),prevalence of very heavy rainfalls(r30mm),and persistence of successive wet days(cwd)at both annual and seasonal scales over recent two decades(1998-2018)based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis *** results show that the most intensive and frequent precipitation extremes are noticeable from January to May across the areas extending from Madagascar to the Tanzanian coastal *** areas also exhibit patches of significant increasing trends in frequency,duration,and intensity of precipitation extremes annually and ***,significant declines in frequency and intensity of precipitation extremes are observed from western Ethiopia to Congo-Uganda,especially in *** October-December season witnesses higher interannual variability amounting to overall weak and less significant *** subregional assessment shows overall declining intensity and frequency of precipitation extremes in northern part of the study *** wetness duration increased,with persistence of moderate wet days and slight reduction of severe *** study unveils higher susceptibility of the East African region to the widely observed hotspots of precipitation extremes posing threats to food security,water resource,and human *** region should consider upscaling irrigation schemes in addition to planning resilient and supportive infrastructures to withstand the upsurging precipitation extremes,especially al

关键词： precipitation extremes East Africa extreme indices Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) climate extremes

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Evaluating the Relationship between National Park Management and Local Communities’ Perceptions Based on Survey, a Case of Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第12期8卷 108-126页

作者： Anathalie Nyirarwasa Fang Han Xumei Pan Richard Mind’je Albert Poponi Maniraho Aboubakar Gasirabo Madeleine Udahogora zacharia florence mtewele Edovia Dufatanye Umwali State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Lay Adventists of Kigali (UNILAK) Kigali Rwanda

A sustainable management of national park requires collaboration between park staff, NGOs, local organizations and stakeholders, and government intervention. This collaboration promotes community-based welfare and inspires a sense of responsibility, thus promoting more benefits than conflicts. A survey administered to residents surrounding Nyungwe National Park was used to evaluate the relationship between Nyungwe National Park management and local communities. The residents acknowledged a positive attitude towards participating in conservation organizations where there was involvement, while a negative response revealed weak community mobilization. The community’s opinions about protection and tourism progression noted weak conflict resolution, but a positive attitude towards tourism activities in the area since they believed employment was likely as a result. In addition, the residents asked for support from government investments and stakeholders to develop the local private sector, and asked to be involved during the planning process. Approaches including the design of coordination mechanisms and integrated conservation and developments projects are suggested to promote a management structure leading to community involvement in conservation and tourism activities. This will increase visitor numbers and contribute to economic development not only in the region but also in the whole country. Empirical studies along with the factors shaping tourism and conservation activities should be considered as the basis for sustainable decision and policy making for sustainable management, and will contribute to government, stakeholders and park manager collaborations at Nyungwe national park.

关键词： National Park Management Local Communities Implementation Residents’ Attitudes Coordination Mechanism

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