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Challenges and opportunities in Quaternary palynology

Science China Earth sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2148-2161页

作者： Qinghai XU houyuan {1. Zhuo ZHENG College of Geographical sciences Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological ConstructionHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China key {1. of {1. geology and environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

Quaternary palynology plays a pivotal role in investigating global climate change and various other research fields,serving as an essential tool for the quantitative analysis of paleoenvironment ***,due to the vast diversity of terrestrial ecosystems and intricate interactions between vegetation,climate,and human activities,further advancements are required in the following aspects within this discipline.(1.The accuracy of classification in pollen morphology and fossil pollen identification needs improvement,particularly at the species *** represents a significant challenge in present Quaternary ***-aided intelligent recognition holds promise as a so{1.tion for species identification based on more detail pollen morphology.(2)Most pollen-based vegetation and climate reconstructions overlook the significance of bare *** bare ground can lead to substantial inaccuracies when quantitatively reconstructing past vegetation and climate.(3)While pollen records provide reliable information on paleoclimate changes,current quantitative climate reconstruction models heavily rely on modern pollen datasets derived from present-day vegetation disturbed more or less by human *** introduces bias and uncertainties into paleoclimate reconstruction.(4)Although pollen can serve as an indicator of human activities,accurately quantifying the intensity of human inf{1.ence remains *** accurate identification of crop pollen,reconstructing reliable land cover/use data,and integrating multidisciplinary data may enhance the identification and quantification of signals related to human activity in pollen records.

关键词： Quaternary palynology Paleoclimate Paleovegetation Human activity

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Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farming of crops in China

Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farmi...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第1.届（201.年度）学术年会

作者： zuo xinxin~(1,2*) & lu {1.~1.1.key laboratory of cenozoic geology and environment,institute of geology and geophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 1.0029, China 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,{1.} 100049,China

Phytoliths are noncrystalline minerals that form inside cells and cell walls of different parts of *** carbon in living cells can be occluded in phytoliths during plant *** has been documented that the occluded carbon within phytoliths is an important long-term terrestrial carbon reservoir that has a major role in the global carbon *** millet and foxtail millet have become typical diy-farming crops in China since the Neolithic *** study of carbon conservation within phytoliths in these crops could provide insights into anthropogenic influences on the carbon *** this study,we analyzed the carbon content in phytoliths of common millet and foxtail *** results indicated that(1. common millet and foxtail millet contained 0.1.6%±0.070%and 0.1.9%±0.085%phytohfh-occluded carbon(PhytOC) on a dry mass basis,respectively;(2) based on the mean annual production of common millet and foxtail millet in the last 1. years,the phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate of common millet and foxtail millet was approximately 0.023±0.01. and 0.020±0.01. t CO ha a respectively;(3) assuming a similar phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate as for common millet(the highest accumulation rate was 0.038 t CO ha a), this could result in the sequestration of 2.37×1. t CO per year for the 62.4×1. ha dry-farming crops in *** there was a decline in the annual production rate and planting area of foxtail millet during 1.49 to 2008,the total phytolith carbon sequestration rate was 7×l0 t CO within the 60-year ***,phytolith occluded carbon has not yet been fully considered as a global carbon ***,this carbon fraction is probably one of the best candidates for the missing carbon sink.

关键词： phytoliths carbon sequestration dry-farming phytolith occluded carbon PhytOC

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Advance of research on modern soil phytolith

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Science China Earth sciences 2018年第9期61卷 1169-1182页

作者： Changhui WEN houyuan {1. {1. zuo Yong GE key {1. of {1. geology and environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Geography Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China key {1. of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044 China

Phytolith study is a new branch of micropaleontology with an increasingly important role in geology, archaeology, and plant taxonomy. Phytoliths have several advantages considering their characteristics of small particle size, high production, wide distribution, anti-decomposition, in situ deposition, distinctive morphologies, and element sequestrating capacity. Phytolith assemblages in modem soil have been found to be closely related to modem vegetation types and climate conditions, which forms the basis for the quantitative study of paleoecology, paleoclimate, and bio-geochemical cycles. At present, phytolith studies generally focus on the following four aspects：（1. Morphology： about 260 unduplicated types of phytoliths have been identified in modem soil, of which 1.0 types are from grasses, 50 types from ferns, woody plants and other angiosperms, whereas the origin plants of the remaining 1.0 types are still under investigation. （2） Soil phytolith assemblages and vegetation： phytolith assemblages from the topsoil have been used to distinguish surface vegetation types inc{1.ding different forests and grasslands over a typical region. This model has been applied to restore past vegetation conditions and monitor the dynamic evo{1.tion of specific vegetation types at different temporal and spatial scales. （3） Soil phytolith assemblages and climate： quantitative and semi-quantitative relationships between phytolith assemblages and a series of climate parameters, such as annual mean temperature, annual mean precipitation and altitude, have been established through mathematical analysis. In this manner, quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimatic parameters has been achieved through the phytolith-climate transfer function model. （4） Soil phytolith and its sequestered elements： in this topic, the content of soil PhytOC （Phytolith-occ{1.ded Organic Carbon） and the importance of PhytOC in the bio-geochemical cycle have been the focus. The study of modem soil phytoliths has

关键词： Modem soil Phytolith Morphology Paleoenvironment Quantification

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Phytolith Analysis for Differentiating between Foxtail Millet(Setaria italica) and Green Foxtail(Setaria viridis)

Phytolith Analysis for Differentiating between Foxtail Mille...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第1.届（201.年度）学术年会

作者： Jianping Zhang~(1*),houyuan lu~1,Naiqin Wu~1,Xiaoyan Yang~2,Xianmin Diao~3 1 key {1. of cenozoic geology and environment,institute of geology and geophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing,China,2 institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research,chinese academy of sciences,beijing,China,3 The National key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, institute of Crop Science,{1.} {1.} of Agricultural sciences,beijing,China

Foxtail millet {Setaria italica) is one of the oldest domesticated cereal crops in Eurasia,but identifying foxtail millets, especially in charred grains,and differentiating it from its wild ancestor,green foxtail {Setaria viridis),in the archaeobotanical remains,is still *** analysis provides a meaningful method for identifying this important *** this paper,the silicon structure patterns in the glumes,lemmas,and paleas from inflorescence bracts in 1. modern plants of foxtail millet and green foxtail from China and Europe are examined using light microscopy with phase-contrast and a microscopic *** research shows that the silicon structure of QUI from upper lemmas and paleas in foxtail millet and green foxtail can be correspondingly divided into two *** size ofΩⅢtype phytolith of foxtail millet is bigger than that from green *** function analysis reveals that 78.4%of data on foxtail millet and 76.9%of data on green foxtail are correctly *** means certain morphotypes of phytoliths are relatively reliable tools for distinguishing foxtail millet from green *** results also revealed that the husk phytolith morphologies of foxtail millets from China and Eastern Europe are markedly different from those from Western *** research gives a meaningful method of separating foxtail millet and green *** implications of these findings for understanding the history of foxtail millet domestication and cultivation in ancient civilizations are significant.

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Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farming of crops in China

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chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第34期56卷 3451-3456页

作者： zuo {1. lu {1. key {1. of {1. geology and environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Phytoliths are noncrystalline minerals that form inside cells and cell walls of different parts of plants. Organic carbon in living cells can be occluded in phytoliths during plant growth. It has been documented that the occluded carbon within phytoliths is an important long-term terrestrial carbon reservoir that has a major role in the global carbon cycle. Common millet and foxtail millet have become typical dry-farming crops in China since the Neolithic Age. The study of carbon conservation within phytoliths in these crops could provide insights into anthropogenic influences on the carbon cycle. In this study, we analyzed the carbon content in phytoliths of common millet and foxtail millet. The results indicated that (1. common millet and foxtail millet contained 0.1.6% ± 0.070% and 0.1.9% ± 0.085% phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) on a dry mass basis, respectively; (2) based on the mean annual production of common millet and foxtail millet in the last 1. years, the phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate of common millet and foxtail millet was approximately 0.023 ± 0.01. and 0.020 ± 0.01. t CO 2 ha 1.a 1., respectively; (3) assuming a similar phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate as for common millet (the highest accumulation rate was 0.038 t CO 2 ha 1.a 1.), this could result in the sequestration of 2.37 × 1. 6 t CO 2 per year for the 62.4 × 1. 6 ha dry-farming crops in China. Although there was a decline in the annual production rate and planting area of foxtail millet during 1.49 to 2008, the total phytolith carbon sequestration rate was 7×1. 6 t CO 2 within the 60-year period. However, phytolith occluded carbon has not yet been fully considered as a global carbon sink. Also, this carbon fraction is probably one of the best candidates for the missing carbon sink.

关键词：植物硅酸体碳封存作物旱作中国全球碳循环群众基础二氧化碳

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Multi-proxy evidence of environmental change related to collapse of the Liangzhu Culture in the Yangtze Delta,China

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Science China Earth sciences 2021年第6期64卷 890-905页

作者： keyang HE {1. lu Guoping SUN Xiang JI Yonglei WANG Kaikai YAN {1. zuo Jiangping ZHANG Bin LIU Ningyuan WANG key {1. of {1. geology and environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Innovation academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Zhejiang Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hangzhou310014China State key {1. for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350007China

The Liangzhu Culture(5300–4300 cal.a BP)has been regarded as the culmination of the Neolithic Age in the Yangtze Delta and as an archaic ***,the reason behind the collapse of the Liangzhu Culture remains *** scholars attributed it to social conflicts or foreign invasions,while others suggested that environmental deterioration,such as cold episodes,inundation and palaeo-typhoon events,disrupted the ***,the yellowish silty sediments widely overlying the Liangzhu group sites have been presumed to be one of the vital c{1.es to resolving these *** process and cause of their formation are key to understanding the decline in the Liangzhu *** this study,two typical profiles composed of the Liangzhu cultural layer and yellowish silty sediments were collected in Liangzhu Ancient *** proxies,inc{1.ding pollen,phytoliths and diatoms,along with radiocarbon and optically stimulated {1.minescence dating and synthesized geochemical evidence from different sediments,were applied to reconstruct ecological and hydrological changes and discuss their linkage to cultural *** regional ecology was typical freshwater wetlands during 4800–4400 cal.a BP,which facilitated rice farming and large-scale architectural engineering in Liangzhu Ancient *** from microfossils and dating of the yellowish silty sediments indicated that Liangzhu Ancient City was significantly affected by seawater after abandonment during 4300–3400 cal.a ***,geochemical evidence,inc{1.ding trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions,suggested that the primary provenance of the yellowish silt was a mixture of sediments from the Qiantang River,East China Sea,Yangtze River and Yellow River,which had been transported to Liangzhu Ancient City by the Yellow Sea Coastal Current and a marine ***,based on evidence from archaeological sites and numerical simulation in the Yangtze Delta,it was supposed that the short-term

关键词： Collapse of the Liangzhu Culture Yangtze Delta Yellowish silt Microfossils Geochemistry

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Modern pollen distributions in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing Holocene environmental changes

Modern pollen distributions in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and t...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第1.届（201.年度）学术年会

作者： houyuan lu~(a,*),Naiqin Wu~a,Kam-biu Liu~b,Liping Zhu~c,Xiangdong Yang~d,Tandong Yao~c,luo Wang~a, Quan Li~a,Xingqi Liu~d,Caiming Shen~e,Xiaoqiang Li~f,Guobang Tong~g,Hui Jiang~h akey {1. of cenozoic geology and environment,institute of geology and geophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 1.0029,China b Department of Oceanography and Coastal sciences,Louisiana State University,Baton Rouge,LA 70803,USA cinstitute of Tibetan Plateau Research,chinese academy of sciences,{1.} 100085,China d State key {1. of Lake Science and environment,Nanjing institute of Limnology and Geography,chinese academy of sciences,Nanjing 210008,China e Atmospheric sciences Research Center,State University of New York,Albany,NY 12203,USA f institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,chinese academy of sciences,{1.} 100044,China g institute of Hydrology and geology,chinese academy of Geological sciences,Zhengding 050803,China h State key {1. of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China

This study investigates the distribution of modern pollen assemblages in the Qjnghai-Tibetan Plateau, China,based on surface soil samples collected at 1.02 sites along an altitudinal gradient of 1. -5500 m asl,where mean annual precipitation(MAP) ranges from 1. to 1.40 mm and mean annual temperature(MAT) from -1.to 21.5℃.A total of 1.3 pollen taxa were found with relative abundances greater than 1.in at least two *** correspondence analysis(CCA) was used to determine the main environmental variables inf{1.encing pollen *** results reveal that MAP is the most significant dominant ***,MAT,altitude(ALT),July temperature(MT7),and relative humidity(HHH) are also significant variables that clearly follow the gradients in the CCA ordination, suggesting that pollen assemblages probably not only reflect a single climatic parameter,but also a variety of other climatic inter-related parameters. Transfer functions,based on locally weighted weighted averaging(LWWA),were developed for MAP (R-boot = 0.89,RMSEP = 1.9 mm),MAT(R-boot = *** = 2.3℃),ALT(R-boot = 0.73, RMSEP = 597 m),HHH(R-boot = 0.82,RMSEP = 4.5%),and July mean precipitation(MP7)(R- boot = 0.87,RMSEP = 23 ram).Overall,our results confirm that pollen can provide reliable estimates of the primary climatic *** application of the LWWA model to the fossil records of Chen Co Lake allowed quantitative inferences to be made about Holocene climatic changes in the southern Tibetan Plateau,suggesting that LWWA is a robust calibration method for quantitative palaeo-environ-mental reconstruction based on pollen data in the regions.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan plateau Vegetation Pollen Transfer functions Holocene Climatic changes

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The spatial pattern of farming and factors influencing it during the Peiligang culture period in the middle Yellow River valley, China

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Science Bulletin 2017年第23期62卷 1565-1568页

作者： Can Wang houyuan {1. Wanfa Gu Naiqin Wu Jianping Zhang {1. zuo Fengjiang Li Daojing Wang Yajie Dong Songzhi Wang Yanfeng Liu Yingjian Bao Yayi Hu key {1. of {1. geology and environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejijing 100101 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Zhengzhou Municipal institute of Archaeology Zhengzhou 450052 China The School of History and Culture Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China

The Peiligang culture （ca. 7000-5000 cal BC） is the earliest Neo- lithic culture in the middle Yellow River valley and represents the emergence of cereal farming in the region. It has long been considered representative of millet farming, which requires a dry field, a certain amount of rainfall, and minimal crop management, but new records reveal that mixed farming of millet and rice （Oryza so.） took place during this period.

关键词： The spatial pattern farming and factors

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Morphological characteristics of homozygous wild rice phytoliths and their significance in the study of rice origins

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Science China Earth sciences 2022年第1期65卷 107-117页

作者： Xiangan TANG houyuan {1. Zhibin CAO Jinshui XIE School of Agriculture sciences Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China key {1. of {1. geology and environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Jiangxi academy of Agricultural {1. Nanchang 330200China

The analysis of wild rice cell structures,tissues,organs,and other morphological characteristics and the development of identification markers for wild rice are the basis for identifying the origins and evolution of prehistorical rice ***,contemporary wild rice strains are often subject to gene introgression from domesticated rice cultivated by humans during the evolutionary process,which may affect the accuracy of wild rice identification *** means that how to eliminate the effects of gene introgression from domesticated rice and other plants on the identification of origin markers,and the purification of the morphological characteristics of wild rice have become critical in research to identify the origin of *** this study,we compared and analysed the phytolith morphologies of three common wild rice species(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)from various habitats and one species of ectopically preserved homozygous common wild rice after six consecutive generations of *** found that the morphology of the bulliform phytolith in the homozygous wild rice with reduced domestication gene introgression had three significant differences compared with native wild rice:(1.an overall reduction in size(body length decreased from 41.9μm in VLnativeto 38.6μm in VLhomozygous);(2)an increase in the proportion of the long-stalked phenotype,with the ratio of B/A decreasing from 1.22±0.47 in B/Anativeto 0.92±0.30 in B/Ahomozygous;and(3)a decrease in the number of fish-scale decorations,with the proportion of bulliform phytoliths with≥9 fish-scale decorations reduced from 53.4%in native wild rice to 37.2%in homozygous wild ***,this study provides a reliable reference for the identification of rice origins using rice phytolith morphology.

关键词： Dongxiang wild rice Common wild rice Bulliform phytolith Homozygous lineage Native habitats Rice origins

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New evidence of agricultural activity and environmental change associated with the ancient Loulan kingdom,China,around 1.00 years ago

New evidence of agricultural activity and environmental chan...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所201.年度（第1.届）学术年会

作者： Xiaoguang Qin Jiaqi Liu Hongjuan Jia houyuan {1. Xuncheng Xia Liping Zhou Guijin Mu Qinghai Xu Yinxin Jiao key {1. of {1. geology and environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking University Heibei Normal University

The ancient kingdom of Loulan on China’s Silk Road has disappeared for about 1.00 *** records have documented widespread cultivation in Loulan which supported the kingdom’s prosperity for hundreds of ***,no farmland ruins have been found although the ancient Loulan city was discovered more than 1.0 years *** this study,remotely sensed,geomorphic and geological observations of possible farmlands in Loulan were analyzed.A wide distribution of partly preserved plots with recognizable regular and straight boundaries,the existence of crossed canals,the occurrence of a gypseous incrustation layer(GIL) overlying on the surface of farmland-like blocks,and extracted large-sized pollen grains of cultivated grass from GIL samples provide new evidence for the ancient *** observations revealed that the upper cultivated soil layer overlaid on GIL,*** horizon A,had been wind-eroded and GIL is the ruined soil horizon *** new findings point to a well-developed agriculture of the ancient Loulan kingdom. The size and distribution of the farmlands and the thickness of the GIL suggests that irrigation for cultivation in this currently exceedingly arid area had lasted for a long *** and lacustrine sediments in Loulan area deposited during the about 4 to—8 ka BP period,revealing that the wet Holocene optimum and two arid events of about 4 and 8 ka BP occurred in the westerlies-dominated northwest *** Loulan kingdom period was another wet stage when the ecological environment was the typical cultivated grass of oasis near *** insufficiency of water during the late period of the Loulan kingdom led the decline of irrigation agriculture and finally the renunciation of the kingdom.

关键词： ancient Loulan cultivation large sized pollen Lop Nur of Xinjiang paleoclimate ruined farmland

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