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Hydraulic fracture geometry and proppant distribution in thin interbedded shale oil reservoirs

Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第5期49卷 1185-1194页

作者： zou yushi SHI Shanzhi ZHANG Shicheng LI Jianmin WANG Fei WANG Junchao ZHANG Xiaohuan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Engineering Technology Research Institute PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramay 834000China

Small-scale true triaxial sand fracturing experiments are conducted on thin interbedded shale samples made from cores of Permian Lucaogou Formation shale oil reservoir in Jimsar sag, Junggar Basin, NW China. Combined with high-precision CT scanning digital core model reconstruction technology, hydraulic fracture geometry and proppant distribution in thin interbedded shale oil reservoirs are studied. The research shows that: In thin interbedded shale oil reservoir, the interlayer difference of rock mechanics and the interlayer interface near the wellbore cannot restrain the growth of fracture height effectively, but has a significant impact on the fracture width distribution in the fracture height direction. Hydraulic fractures in these reservoirs tend to penetrate into the adjacent layer in “step-like” form, but have a smaller width at the interface deflection, which hinders the transport of proppant in vertical direction, resulting in a poor effect of layer-crossing growth. In shale layers with dense laminae, hydraulic fractures tend to form “丰” or “井” shapes. If the perforated interval is large in rock strength and high in breakdown pressure, the main fracture is fully developed initially, large in width, and supported by enough sand. In contrast, if the perforated interval is low in strength and rich in laminae, the fracturing fluid filtration loss is large, the breakdown pressure is low, the main fracture will not open wide initially, and likely to have sand plugging. Proppant is mainly concentrated in the main hydraulic fractures with large width near the perforated layer, activated laminae, branch fractures and fractures in adjacent layers contain only a small amount of(or zero) proppant. The proppant is placed in a limited range on the whole. The limit width of fracture that proppant can enter is about 2.7 times the proppant particle size.

关键词： shale oil thin interbedded reservoir rock mechanics lithologic interface hydraulic fracturing fracture shape proppant distribution

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Fracture propagation,proppant transport and parameter optimization of multi-well pad fracturing treatment

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第5期50卷 1225-1235页

作者： YANG Peng ZHANG Shicheng zou yushi LI Jianmin MA Xinfang TIAN Gang WANG Junchao State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Engineering Technology Research Institute PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramay 834000China

This paper establishes a 3D multi-well pad fracturing numerical model coupled with fracture propagation and proppant migration based on the displacement discontinuity method and Eulerian-Eulerian frameworks,and the fracture propagation and proppant distribution during multi-well fracturing are investigated by taking the actual multi-well pad parameters as an example.Fracture initiation and propagation during multi-well pad fracturing are jointly affected by a variety of stress interference mechanisms such as inter-cluster,inter-stage,and inter-well,and the fracture extension is unbalanced among clusters,asymmetric on both wings,and dipping at heels.Due to the significant influence of fracture morphology and width on the migration capacity of proppant in the fracture,proppant is mainly placed in the area near the wellbore with large fracture width,while a high-concentration sandwash may easily occur in the area with narrow fracture width as a result of quick bridging.On the whole,the proppant placement range is limited.Increasing the well-spacing can reduce the stress interference of adjacent wells and promote the uniform distribution of fractures and proppant on both wings.The maximum stimulated reservoir volume or multi-fracture uniform propagation can be achieved by optimizing the well spacing.Although reducing the perforation-cluster spacing also can improve the stimulated reservoir area,a too low cluster spacing is not conducive to effectively increasing the propped fracture area.Since increasing the stage time lag is beneficial to reduce inter-stage stress interference,zipper fracturing produces more uniform fracture propagation and proppant distribution.

关键词： multi-well pad multi-well fracturing fracture propagation proppant transport coupled numerical model fracturing parameter optimization

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Micro-mechanical properties of shale due to water/supercritical carbon dioxide-rock interaction

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石油勘探与开发:英文版 2023年第4期50卷 1001-1012页

作者： LI Ning JIN Zhijun ZHANG Shicheng WANG Haibo YANG Peng zou yushi ZHOU Tong State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enhancement Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology Beijing 100083China State Energy Center for Shale Oil Research and Development Beijing 100083China SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083China Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

To investigate the impacts of water/supercritical CO_(2)-rock interaction on the micro-mechanical properties of shale,a series of high-temperature and high-pressure immersion experiments were performed on the calcareous laminated shale samples mined from the lower submember of the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin.After that,grid nanoindentation tests were conducted to analyze the influence of immersion time,pressure,and temperature on micro-mechanical parameters.Experimental results show that the damage of shale caused by the water/supercritical CO_(2)-rock interaction was mainly featured by the generation of induced fractures in the clay-rich laminae.In the case of soaking with supercritical CO_(2),the aperture of induced fracture was smaller.Due to the existence of induced fractures,the statistical averages of elastic modulus and hardness both decreased.Meanwhile,compaction and stress-induced tensile fractures could be observed around the laminae.Generally,the longer the soaking time,the higher the soaking pressure and temperature,the more significant the degradation of micro-mechanical parameters is.Compared with water-rock interaction,the supercritical CO_(2)-rock interaction caused a lower degree of mechanical damage on the shale surface.Thus,supercritical CO_(2)can be used as a fracturing fluid to prevent the surface softening of induced fractures in shale reservoirs.

关键词： shale hydration supercritical CO_(2) micro-mechanical properties nanoindentation shale damage

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Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracture propagation in laminated shale reservoirs

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第5期47卷 1117-1130页

作者： ZHOU Tong WANG Haibo LI Fengxia LI Yuanzhao zou yushi ZHANG Chi Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development SinopecBeijing 100083China Shale Gas Exploration and Development Co. Ltd.SinopecChongqing 408014China China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249China

The main area of the Jiaoshiba anticline of the Fuling shale gas field was taken as the research object,laboratory rock mechanical experiments and direct shear experiments were conducted to clarify the mechanical anisotropy characteristics and parameters of rock samples with rich beddings.Based on the experimental results,a 3D fracture propagation model of the target reservoir taking mechanical anisotropy,weak bedding plane and vertical stress difference into account was established by the discrete element method to analyze distribution patterns of hydraulic fractures under different bedding densities,mechanical properties,and fracturing engineering parameters(including perforation clusters,injection rates and fracturing fluid viscosity).The research results show that considering the influence of the weak bedding plane and longitudinal stress difference,the interlayer stress difference 3–4 MPa in the study area can control the fracture height within the zone of stress barrier,and the fracture height is less than 40 m.If the influence of the weak bedding plane is not considered,the simulation result of fracture height is obviously higher.Although the opening of high-density bedding fractures increases the complexity of hydraulic fractures,it significantly limited the propagation of fracture height.By reducing the number of clusters,increasing the injection rate,and increasing the volume and proportion of high-viscosity fracturing fluid in the pad stage,the restriction on fracture height due to the bedding plane and vertical stress difference can be reduced,and the longitudinal propagation of fractures can be promoted.The fracture propagation model was used to simulate one stage of Well A in Fuling shale gas field,and the simulation results were consistent with the micro-seismic monitoring results.

关键词： shale lamina hydraulic fracturing fracture propagation law longitudinal stress difference Jiaoshiba anticline shale gas reservoir

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页岩水平井多簇喷砂射孔暂堵转向压裂裂缝扩展规律

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石油勘探与开发 2024年第3期51卷 624-634页

作者：邹雨时李彦超杨灿张士诚马新仿邹龙庆中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京102249 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司页岩气勘探开发项目经理部成都610052

采用真三轴压裂模拟系统开展了页岩水平井多簇喷砂射孔暂堵转向压裂模拟实验,研究了暂堵剂粒径、暂堵剂浓度、单簇射孔数和簇数对封堵提压、多裂缝转向规律及暂堵剂分布的影响。结果表明:缝内小粒径组合+段内大粒径组合暂堵剂有利于提... 详细信息

采用真三轴压裂模拟系统开展了页岩水平井多簇喷砂射孔暂堵转向压裂模拟实验,研究了暂堵剂粒径、暂堵剂浓度、单簇射孔数和簇数对封堵提压、多裂缝转向规律及暂堵剂分布的影响。结果表明:缝内小粒径组合+段内大粒径组合暂堵剂有利于提高封堵压力并促进裂缝多期性转向,添加纤维的组合可快速憋压至超高,但易产生沿着井筒扩展的纵向缝;暂堵峰值压力随暂堵剂浓度的增加而提升,但暂堵剂浓度达到一定值后,进一步增加暂堵剂浓度并不能显著提高暂堵峰值压力;岩样破裂压力和暂堵峰值压力随单簇射孔数增加呈下降趋势,较少的单簇射孔数有利于提高破裂压力及暂堵峰值压力,对多簇裂缝扩展的控制作用更显著;较少的簇数不利于人工裂缝总数及复杂程度的提升,较多的簇数难以实现有效封堵。缝内暂堵时暂堵剂主要分布在复杂裂缝区域,特别是多裂缝相交处,而段内暂堵时暂堵剂优先分布于形成复杂缝的射孔簇孔眼附近。

关键词：页岩暂堵转向压裂多簇喷砂射孔暂堵剂分布裂缝扩展规律

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Research on Rumor Spreading Model with Time Delay and Control Effect

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2019年第4期10卷 373-389页

作者： Hongxing YAO yushi zou School of Finance and Economics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Faculty of Science Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Information flow retains a critical role in decision making among investors. In this paper,we employ a diffusion model based on epidemiology theory to study the rumor spreading process within investors. The paper introduce the feedback mechanism of classical control theory into the model, which helps to reflect the interaction between rumor spreaders and information supervision.Further we apply a time delay factor to give investors access to transparent information and change their behavior. Subsequently, the stability of the rumor disappearance equilibrium and the rumor existence equilibrium are analyzed and the condition for the system undergoes a Hopf-bifurcation is given. The mathematical arguments are subjected to numerical simulations to present the ideal case scenarios. The results suggest that, increase the general strength of information supervision and the proportion coefficient associated with the infected population in the short-term delay are conducive to better control.

关键词： epidemic model rumor spreading Hopf-bifurcation control effect

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摩擦对引信后坐保险件解除保险特性的影响

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兵工学报 2023年第5期44卷 1296-1309页

作者：邹陈来王雨时王光宇南京理工大学机械工程学院江苏南京210094

针对引信单自由度直线运动后坐保险机构设计优化问题,开展不同摩擦条件下侧压簧对惯性筒动态响应特性的影响研究。运用刚体动力学理论和ADAMS刚体动力学仿真软件,研究侧压簧即被保险件预压簧作用于后坐保险件上的摩擦力对后坐保险件在... 详细信息

针对引信单自由度直线运动后坐保险机构设计优化问题,开展不同摩擦条件下侧压簧对惯性筒动态响应特性的影响研究。运用刚体动力学理论和ADAMS刚体动力学仿真软件,研究侧压簧即被保险件预压簧作用于后坐保险件上的摩擦力对后坐保险件在发射和跌落时动态响应特性的影响。得到有侧压簧即被保险件预压簧作用时后坐保险件在多种不同冲击过载作用下的位移响应和速度响应。研究结果表明:被保险件对后坐保险件的摩擦缓释效应有利于提高后坐保险机构的跌落安全性,而对后坐保险机构发射时正常解除保险影响十分有限;通过优化被保险件预压簧的预压抗力和/或被保险件与后坐保险件之间的摩擦系数,可使引信后坐保险机构的跌落安全性得到改善。

关键词：引信后坐保险机构冲击响应跌落安全性计算机仿真

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Applications of Polypeptide Hydrogels in Cartilage-Regeneration Engineering

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上海交通大学学报:英文版 2023年第4期28卷 468-485页

作者：胡颖涵朱泽宇滕林何雨石邹德荣陆家瑜 Department of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Centre Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Articular cartilage defects are considered to be associated with the development of osteoarthritis.Research on relevant tissue regeneration is important in the treatment of osteoarthritis.The scaffolds applied incartilage regeneration should have good histocompatibility and mechanical properties,as well as no cytotoxicity,and promote the proliferation and differentiation of seed cells.Different combinations of peptide sequences inpolypeptide hydrogels endow them with unique characteristics including excellent biodegradability and accuratesimulation of the extracellular matrix of chondrocytes to maintain the stability of the chondrogenic phenotypeand facilitate articular hyaline cartilage regeneration.Thus,the application of polypeptide hydrogels for cartilage regeneration has a bright future.In this study,the research progress of polypeptide hydrogels used incartilage-regeneration engineering is systematically reviewed.The characteristics,limitations,and prospects ofthese materials are evaluated.

关键词： polypeptide hydrogel poly amino acid articular cartilage cartilage repair cartilage-regeneration engineering

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考虑射孔孔眼磨蚀对多裂缝扩展的影响规律

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天然气工业 2022年第10期42卷 63-73页

作者：张士诚杨鹏邹雨时石善志李建民田刚油气资源与探测国家重点实验室·中国石油大学(北京) 中国石油新疆油田公司工程技术研究院

我国非常规油气资源丰富,压裂技术是其开发的重要手段,其中极限限流压裂技术是促进水平井压裂段均匀改造的关键技术,但井下监测表明射孔孔眼动态磨蚀严重,制约了工艺应用效果。为了解决射孔孔眼动态磨蚀带来的多裂缝扩展形态不确定性影... 详细信息

我国非常规油气资源丰富,压裂技术是其开发的重要手段,其中极限限流压裂技术是促进水平井压裂段均匀改造的关键技术,但井下监测表明射孔孔眼动态磨蚀严重,制约了工艺应用效果。为了解决射孔孔眼动态磨蚀带来的多裂缝扩展形态不确定性影响,提高现场工艺实际应用效果,在水平井多裂缝竞争扩展模型基础之上耦合孔眼动态磨蚀模型,然后根据实际井下射孔成像数据校正数值模型,研究了孔眼磨蚀作用下多裂缝扩展行为以及限流射孔参数优化方法。研究结果表明:(1)孔眼磨蚀作用将显著增大孔眼直径和流量系数,迅速降低射孔摩阻,加剧各簇流量分配和多裂缝扩展的非均匀程度;(2)段内应力均匀分布时,孔眼磨蚀作用随着限流作用增强而增加;(3)段内应力非均匀分布时,高应力簇裂缝扩展容易受到抑制作用,考虑孔眼磨蚀作用后将进一步加剧各簇裂缝流量分配的非均衡程度,甚至导致高应力簇裂缝停止进液,裂缝不能充分扩展。结论认为,研究结果对孔眼动态磨蚀机理研究以及改进压裂工艺设计具有重要理论和现实意义,有助力我国非常规气油气的高效开发。

关键词：储层改造非常规油气多裂缝扩展孔眼动态磨蚀数值模拟限流压裂井下射孔成像

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水/超临界二氧化碳作用下的页岩微观力学特性

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石油勘探与开发 2023年第4期50卷 872-882页

作者：李宁金之钧张士诚王海波杨鹏邹雨时周彤页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室北京100083 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室北京100083 国家能源页岩油研发中心北京100083 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 北京大学能源研究院北京100871 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京102249

选取渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组三段下亚段富灰质纹层状页岩岩样,开展高温高压岩心浸泡实验与点阵纳米压痕实验,分析不同浸泡时间、压力和温度条件下水/超临界CO_(2)作用对页岩微观力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:水/超临界CO_(2... 详细信息

选取渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组三段下亚段富灰质纹层状页岩岩样,开展高温高压岩心浸泡实验与点阵纳米压痕实验,分析不同浸泡时间、压力和温度条件下水/超临界CO_(2)作用对页岩微观力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:水/超临界CO_(2)浸泡后,页岩损伤主要为黏土富集的纹层内部产生诱导裂缝,且超临界CO_(2)浸泡引起的诱导裂缝宽度更小。受诱导裂缝影响的区域弹性模量和硬度的统计平均值降低,且纹层附近易发生压实闭合、产生应力诱导拉张裂缝。浸泡时间越长、浸泡压力越大、浸泡温度越高,页岩表面弹性模量和硬度下降越明显。与水相比,超临界CO_(2)-页岩作用下的页岩表面力学损伤程度更低,可作为压裂液防止页岩储集层压裂裂缝面软化。

关键词：页岩水化作用超临界CO_(2) 微观力学特性纳米压痕页岩损伤

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