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Assessment of Sea Water Inundation Along Daboo Creek Area in Indus Delta Region, Pakistan

Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第6期16卷 1055-1060页

作者： zia ibrahim ZAFAR Hina SHAHZAD Muhammad I. MERAJ Mohsin KAZMI Jamil H. National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Karachi 75600 Pakistan Department of Geography University of Karachi 75270 Pakistan Earth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Laboratory (EARL) Department of Meteorology COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) Park Road Islamabad 45550 Pakistan

Indus Deltaic Region(IDR) in Pakistan is an erosion vulnerable coast due to the high deep water wave energy. Livelihood of millions of people depends on the fisheries and mangrove forests in IDR. IDR consists of many creeks where Daboo is a major creek located at southeast of the largest city of Pakistan, Karachi. Unfortunately, there has been no detailed study to analyze the damages of sea water intrusion at a large temporal and spatial scale. Therefore, this study is designed to estimate the effects of sea water inundation based on changing sea water surface salinity and sea surface temperature(SST). Sea surface salinity and SST data from two different surveys in Daboo creek during 1986 and 2010 are analyzed to estimate the damages and extent of sea water intrusion. Mean salinity has increased 33.33% whereas mean SST decreased 13.79% from 1987 to 2010. Spatio-temporal analysis of creek area using LANDSAT 5 Thematic mapper(TM) data for the years 1987 and 2010 shows significant amount of erosion at macro scale. Creek area has increased approximately 9.93%(260.86 m^2 per year) which is roughly equal to 60 extensive sized shrimp farms. Further Land Use Land Cover(LULC) analyses for years 2001 and 2014 using LANDSAT 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+) has indicated 42.3% decrease in cultivated land. Wet mud flats have spread out at the inner mouth of creek with enormous increase of 123.3%. Significant sea water intrusion has increased the area of barren land by 37.9%. This also resulted in overall decrease of 6.7% in area covered by mangroves. Therefore, this study recorded a significant evidence of sea water intrusion in IDR that has caused serious damages to community living in the area, economical losses. Additionally, it has also changed the environment by reducing creek biological productivity as reported by earlier studies over other regions of the world.

关键词： sea water intrusion SST salinity Ambro creek CTD

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Emotion Recognition from Occluded Facial Images Using Deep Ensemble Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 4465-4487页

作者： zia Ullah Muhammad Ismail Mohmand Sadaqat ur Rehman Muhammad Zubair Maha Driss Wadii Boulila Rayan Sheikh ibrahim Alwawi Department of Computer Science The Brains InstitutePeshawar25000Pakistan School of Natural and Computing Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Medical SchoolLeuven3000Belgium Security Engineering Laboratory CCISPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh12435Saudi Arabia Robotics and Internet of Things Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh12435Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Robert Gordon UniversityAberdeenUK

Facial expression recognition has been a hot topic for decades,but high intraclass variation makes it *** overcome intraclass variation for visual recognition,we introduce a novel fusion methodology,in which the proposed model first extract features followed by feature ***,RestNet-50,VGG-19,and Inception-V3 is used to ensure feature learning followed by feature ***,the three feature extraction models are utilized using Ensemble Learning techniques for final expression *** representation learnt by the proposed methodology is robust to occlusions and pose variations and offers promising *** evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model,we use two wild benchmark datasets Real-world Affective Faces Database(RAF-DB)and AffectNet for facial expression *** proposed model classifies the emotions into seven different categories namely:happiness,anger,fear,disgust,sadness,surprise,and ***,the performance of the proposed model is also compared with other algorithms focusing on the analysis of computational cost,convergence and accuracy based on a standard problem specific to classification applications.

关键词： Ensemble learning emotion recognition feature fusion occlusion

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