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Effects of temperature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on the bleaching among three coral species

Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第18期49卷 1923-1928页

作者： zhubaohua WANGGuangce HUANGBo C.K.Tseng BTPJ3KeyLaboratoryofExperimentalMarineBiology InstituteofOceanologyChineseAcademyofSciencesQingdao266071China TheOceanCollegeofHainanUniversity Haikou570228China

Coral bleaching, which is defined as the loss of colour in corals due to the loss of their symbiotic algae (commonly called zooxanthellae) or pigments or both, is oc-curring globally at increasing rates, and its harm becomes more and more serious during these two decades. The sig-nificance of these bleaching events to the health of coral reef ecosystems is extreme, as bleached corals exhibited high mortality, reduced fecundity and productivity and increased susceptibility to diseases. This decreased coral fitness is easily to lead to reef degradation and ultimately to the breakdown of the coral reef ecosystems. Recently, the reasons leading to coral bleaching are thought to be as follows: too high or too low temperature, excess ultraviolet exposure, heavy metal pollution, cyanide poison and seasonal cycle. To date there has been little knowledge of whether mariculture can result in coral bleaching and which substance has the worst effect on corals. And no research was conducted on the effect of hypoxia on corals. To address these questions, effects of tem-perature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on bleaching of three coral species were studied through examination of morphology and the measurement of the number of symbi-otic algae of three coral species Acropora nobilis, Palythoa sp. and Alveopora verrilliana. Results showed that increase in temperature and decrease in dissolved oxygen could lead to increasing number of symbiotic algae and more serious bleaching. In addition, the concentration of 0.001 mmol/L ammonia or nitrate could increase significantly the expulsion of the symbiotic algae of the three coral species. Except for Acropora nobilis, the numbers of symbiotic algae of other two corals did not significantly increase with the increasing con-centration of ammonia and nitrate. Furthermore, different hosts have different stress susceptibilities on coral bleaching.

关键词：鹿角珊瑚属温度组织缺氧氨硝酸钾漂白珊瑚生态系统虫黄藻

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