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Numerical simulation of topography effects on the “00.7” severe rainfall in beijing

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第9期15卷 818-826页

作者： ZHANG Chaolin1.*, ji Chongping1. KUO Yinghwa2, FAN Shuiyong1. XUAN Chunyi3 and CHEN Min1.1. Institute of Urban Meteorology,{1., beijing 1.0089, china 2. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, national Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA 3. beijing meteorological Bureau, beijing 1.0089, china) Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 China Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307-3000 United States beijing {1. Bureau Beijing 100089 China

In an effort to study the severe rainfall event of 4—5th July 2000 in beijing (with 24h accumulated precipitation of 240 mm), we perform numerical simulations to investigate this event using the MM5v3.6 model. The model is initialized with the MM5/WRF 3DVAR analysis, which incorporates the ground-based GPS precipitable water vapor, automatic and conventional {1. observations in its assimilation step. For 24 h accumulated precipitation forecast, the threat scores are 0.72, 0.76, 0.67 and 0.63, for thresholds of 1. 5, 1., and 20 mm, respectively. Holding other factors unchanged, sensitivity experiments were conducted with different topographic resolutions of 1.0, 50 and 3.7 km to investigate the topographic effects on precipitation over the beijing area. In these sensitivity experiments, we attempt to preserve the realistic orographic distribution in the model topography under the condition of keeping the dynamic-thermodynamic consistency of the initial model atmosphere to the extent possible. Results indicate that the unique topographic distribution and variations in the beijing area play an important role in determining the location, distribution and intensity of heavy precipitation.

关键词： topography heavy rainfall 3DVAR ground-based GPS numerical simulation.

The terrestrial NPP simulations in china since Last Glacial Maximum

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Science Bulletin 2005年第18期 108-113页

作者： HE Yong1. DAN Li2, DONG Wenjie1.2, ji jinjun3,2 & QIN Dahe1.1. national Climate Center, china meteorological administration, Bei-jing 100081, china 2. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.0029, china 3. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.01.1. china

Based on Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM), the magnitude and spatial distribution of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) in china is simu-lated during three different geological eras, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Mid-Holocene (MH) and the present. The simulation shows that the glacial-interglacial variation of East Asian summer monsoon in china is the key factor af-fecting the NPP change. During the three eras, mean NPPs are 208 g/m2·a, 409 g/m2·a, and 355 g/m2·a. The total NPPs are 2.05 Pg/a, 3.89 Pg/a and 3.33 Pg/a, respectively. The ter-restrial NPP in china during warm-humid climate is larger than that during cold-arid eras, and the correlation analysis between NPP and climate factors suggests that temperature is the primary factor affecting the terrestrial NPP during 21.kaBP (LGM), and for 6 kaBP (MH) and the present the pri-mary factor is precipitation.

关键词： Last Glacial Maximum Mid-Holocene NPP East-Asian monsoon climate change.

A Tri-mode of Mock-Walker Cells

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 671-679页

作者： Han QIN ji NIE Zhiyong MENG Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China china {1. administration Tornado Key Laboratory Foshan 528061China

This work uses cloud-resolving simulations to study mock-Walker cells driven by a specified sea surface temperature(SST).The associated precipitation in the mock-Walker cells exhibits three different modes,including a single peak of precipitation over the SST maximum(mode 1.,symmetric double peaks of precipitation straddling the SST maximum(mode 2),and a single peak of precipitation on one side of the SST maximum(mode 3).The three modes are caused by three distinct convective activity center migration *** indicate that the virtual effect of water vapor plays an important role in differentiating the three *** the SST gradient is large,the virtual effect may be strong enough to overcome the temperature effect,generating a low-level low-pressure anomaly below the ascending branch of the Walker cell off the *** results here highlight the importance of the virtual effect of water vapor and its interaction with convection and large-scale circulation in the Walker circulation.

关键词： Walker circulation cloud-resolving simulation virtual effect

The global rainforest mapping project JERS-1. a paradigm of international collaboration for monitoring land cover change

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第1期12卷 15-22页

作者： DENG Xiang-zheng, ZHAN jin-yan, LIU ji-yuan, zhuang Da-fang (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, beijing 1.01.1. china) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS 北京 100101

The Global Rainforest Mapping (GRFM) project was initiated in 1.95 and, through a dedicated data acquisition policy by the national Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), data acquisitions could be completed within a 1.5-year period, resulting in a spatially and temporally homogeneous coverage to contain the entire Amazon Basin from the Atlantic to the Pacific; Central America up to the Yucatan Peninsular in Mexico; equatorial Africa from Madagascar and Kenya in the east to Sierra Leone in the west; and Southeast Asia, including Papua New Guinea. To some extent, GRFM project is an international endeavor led by NASDA, with the goal of producing spatially and temporally contiguous Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data sets over the tropical belt on the Earth by use of the JERS-1.L-band SAR, through the generation of semi-continental, 1.0m resolution, image mosaics. The GRFM project relies on extensive collaboration with the national Aeronautics and Space administration (NASA), the Joint Research Center of the European Commission (JRC) and the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) for data acquisition, processing, validation and product generation. A science program is underway in parallel with product generation. This involves the agencies mentioned above, as well as a large number of international organizations, universities and individuals to perform field activities and data analysis at different levels.

关键词： Global Rainforest Mapping low-resolution data regional mosaic Global Boreal Forest Mapping

Yields,growth and water use under chemical topping in relations to row configuration and plant density in drip-irrigated cotton

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第2期7卷 123-136页

作者： Wang Xuejiao Hu Yanping ji Chunrong Chen Yongfan Sun Shuai Zhang Zeshan Zhang Yutong Wang Sen Yang Mingfeng ji Fen Guo Yanyun Li jie Zhang Lizhen Xinjiang Agriculture Network Information Center Xinjiang Agrometeorological ObservatoryUrumqi 830002China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830091China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China china {1. administration Institute of Desert MeteorologyUrumqi 830002China Wulanwusu Agrometeorological Station Shihezi 832199China Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences China National Cotton R&D CenterUrumqi 830091China

Background Water deficit is an important problem in agricultural production in arid *** the advent of wholly mechanized technology for cotton planting in Xinjiang,it is important to determine which planting mode could achieve high yield,fiber quality and water use efficiency(WUE).This study aimed to explore if chemical topping affected cotton yield,quality and water use in relation to row configuration and plant *** Experiments were carried out in Xinjiang china,in 2020 and 2021.with two topping method,manual topping and chemical topping,two plant densities,low and high,and two row configurations,i.e.,76 cm equal rows and 1.+66 cm narrow-wide rows,which were commonly applied in matching harvest *** topping increased seed cotton yield,but did not affect cotton fiber quality comparing to traditional manual *** equal row spacing,the WUE in higher density was 62.4%higher than in the lower ***,under narrow-wide row spacing,the WUE in lower density was 53.3%higher than in higher one(farmers’practice).For machine-harvest cotton in Xinjiang,the optimal row configuration and plant density for chemical topping was narrow-wide rows with 1. plants m-2 or equal rows with 1. plants *** The plant density recommended in narrow-wide rows was less than farmers’practice and the density in equal rows was moderate with local *** results provide new knowledge on optimizing agronomic managements of machine-harvested cotton for both high yield and water efficient.

关键词： Yield components Fiber quality Transpiration Water use efficiency Heat ratio method(HRM)

冷光学用大口径2 k×2 k红外探测器组件封装技术

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红外与激光工程 2024年第5期53卷 73-82页

作者：朱海勇曾智江孙闻赵振力范广宇季鹏张启庄馥隆李雪中国科学院上海技术物理研究所传感技术联合国家重点实验室上海200083 中国科学院大学北京100049

大面阵和长线列红外探测器已成为下一代红外探测器的发展方向之一,针对于大面阵探测器低温封装的难点,提出了一种大面阵探测器组件封装结构。对组件低形变窗口支撑结构、低噪声冷平台结构以及低漏热兼高可靠性的引线键合工艺等方面进行... 详细信息

大面阵和长线列红外探测器已成为下一代红外探测器的发展方向之一,针对于大面阵探测器低温封装的难点,提出了一种大面阵探测器组件封装结构。对组件低形变窗口支撑结构、低噪声冷平台结构以及低漏热兼高可靠性的引线键合工艺等方面进行了研究,以中波红外2 k×2 k探测器组件为研究对象,通过200 K窗口低温光学设计和低形变窗口帽支撑方式实现组件低背景杂散光抑制设计和窗口形变控制。采用SiC基板实现探测器工作温度波动控制和噪声抑制,5 min内探测器温度波动小于0.1.K,噪声等效温差(NETD)小于20 mK。为了降低引线漏热和增强引线可靠性,采用铂铱丝键合工艺,引线漏热相较于金丝和硅铝丝下降至1.1.,制冷机功率由72 W降至39 W。引线随组件通过随机和正弦力学试验考核。解决了大面阵探测器封装中杂散光、大口径窗口形变、探测器噪声、引线漏热和强度等一系列问题,该组件已成功运用于某项目2 k×2 k探测器封装中。

关键词：红外探测器 2 k×2 k 铂铱丝杜瓦组件

Natural Disasters and Disaster Relief in china in 2000

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 2001年第4期10卷 144-151页

作者： ji Mingxin (Ministry of Civil Affairs. {1. 1.0721. Ministry of Civil Affairs Beijing100721

1.Natural disastersIn 2000, the country suffered a lot from natural disasters, including droughts, floods, hails,typhoons, earthquakes, dust devils, snow, microtherms and cool injuries and so on. According to the 2000 statistics checked and ratified jointly by the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MOCA), State Statistical administration (SSA),{1. (CMA) and the national Office of Headquarters for Flood Control and Drought Resistance, the country suffered a disasterhit crop area of 54 690 000 hectares, 34 370 000 hectares of which seriously affected and 1. 1.0 000 hectares being a total crop failure, up 9%, 28. 5% and 49. 2% respectively from 1.99; a total of 456 000 000 people were affected, up 29.1. from the previous year; 279 000 000 people were seriously affected, up 23. 4% from the year before; 3 01. persons died from the disasters, increasing by 1. persons; 4 671.000 victims were urgently transferred for resettlement,down 29. 7% from the year before; and 1.473 000 houses collapsed, reduced by 1..5% compared with the last year. In partial areas, damages were done at varying degrees to industrial & mining enterprises and public facilities.

关键词： natural disaster disaster relief

Evaluation of the Tropical Variability from the beijing Climate Center's Real-Time Operational Global Ocean Data Assimilation System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第2期33卷 208-220页

作者： Wei ZHOU Mengyan CHEN Wei zhuang Fanghua XU Fei ZHENG Tongwen WU Xin WANG Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling and Center for Earth System ScienceTsinghua University International Center for Climate and Environment Science Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The second-generation Global Ocean Data Assimilation System of the beijing Climate Center （BCC_GODAS2.0） has been run daily in a pre-operational mode. It spans the period 1.90 to the present day. The goal of this paper is to introduce the main components and to evaluate BCC_GODAS2.0 for the user community. BCC_GODAS2.0 consists of an observational data preprocess, ocean data quality control system, a three-dimensional variational （3DVAR） data assimilation, and global ocean circulation model [Modular Ocean Model 4 （MOM4）]. MOM4 is driven by six-hourly fluxes from the {1. Centers for Environmental Prediction. Satellite altimetry data, SST, and in-situ temperature and salinity data are assimilated in real time. The monthly results from the BCC_GODAS2.0 reanalysis are compared and assessed with observations for 1.90-201.I. The climatology of the mixed layer depth of BCC_GODAS2.0 is generally in agreement with that of World Ocean Atlas 2001. The modeled sea level variations in the tropical Pacific are consistent with observations from satellite altimetry on interannual to decadal time scales. Performances in predicting variations in the SST using BCC_GODAS2.0 are evaluated. The standard deviation of the SST in BCC_GODAS2.0 agrees well with observations in the tropical Pacific. BCC_GODAS2.0 is able to capture the main features of E1.Nifio Modoki I and Modoki II, which have different impacts on rainfall in southern china. In addition, the relationships between the Indian Ocean and the two types of E1.Nino Modoki are also reproduced.

关键词： operational oceanography global ocean 3DVAR E1.Nifio interannual variability

Heavy Precipitation over the jing–jin–ji Region in Early October: What Controls Its Interannual Variability?

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Journal of meteorological Research 2022年第4期36卷 586-600页

作者： jing FENG Tim LI ji WANG Linna ZHANG Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate andEnvironmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC–FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China beijing {1. Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA beijing Municipal Climate Center Beijing 100089China beijing {1. Observatory Beijing 100089China

Heavy regional precipitation(HRP)over beijing,Tian{1.n,and Hebei Province(the {1.ng–{1.n–{1. region or JJJ)in early October(1.1. October)is a high-impact climate event because of travel and outdoor activities by exceptionally large population during the Chinese national Day Holidays(CNDH).What causes the year-to-year variation of the HRP during early October is investigated through an observational *** is found that the HRP arises from moisture transport by southerly anomalies to the west of an anomalous low-level anticyclone over the subtropical northwestern Pacific(SNWP).Sensitivity numerical experiments reveal that the low-level anticyclonic anomaly is caused by a dipole heating pattern over tropical western and central Pacific associated with a La Niña-like SST anomaly(SSTA)pattern in the Pacific and by a negative heating anomaly over North *** latter connects the SNWP anticyclone through a Rossby wave *** ascent associated with a positive heating anomaly over the tropical western Pacific may strengthen the local Hadley Cell,contributing to maintenance of the low-level anomalous anticyclone over SNWP and extending westwards of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH).Therefore,both the tropical Pacific and midlatitude heating signals over North Europe may be potential predictors for HRP forecast in the JJJ region in early October.

关键词： heavy regional precipitation(HRP)in jing–jin–ji(JJJ) beijing Tianjin and Hebei Province water vapor(WV)transport Rossby wave train diabatic heating anomalies La Niña-like SST anomaly