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Risk assessment of heavy metal contaminated soil in the vicinity of a lead/zinc mine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 881-885页

作者： LI Jing XIE Zheng-miao zhu yong-guan Ravi Naidu Institute for Soil and Water Resources and Environment Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia

Heavy metal contamination of soils through anthropogenic activities is a widespread and serious problem confronting scientists and regulators throughout the world. In this study we investigated the distribution, chemical species and availability of lead, zinc, cadmium and copper in nine surface（0 to 20 cm） soils from near an abandoned lead/zinc mine tailings located in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. Total heavy metal contents ranged from 5271 to 16369 mg/kg for Pb, 387 to 1221 mg/kg for Zn, 3.0 to 9.3 mg/kg for Cd and 65 to 206 mg/kg for Cu. In general, all heavy metals exceeded China National Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of Heavy Metals by a factor of 3-65 times. Comparison of the heavy metal concentrations（Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu） with clay content revealed a strongly significant relationship while significant relationship（ P 〈 0.001 ） was also obtained between Cd ＋ Zn and Pb ＋ Cu. Solid phase speciation of the soils using Tessier procedure showed that the heavy metals were distributed in the order： residual 〉〉 organically complexed-Fe-Mn oxides occluded 〉 carbonate bound 〉 exchangeable 〉 water soluble. In the organic matter fraction, the ratio of Pb（29.1% ） to its total concentration in the soils was higher than those of Zn（4.70% ）, Cd（3.16% ） and Cu（9.50% ）. The percentages of the water soluble and the exchangeable fractions of Pb（1.80% ） and Cd（2.74% ） were markedly greater than those of Zn（0.10% ） and Cu（0.15% ）, suggesting that Pb and Cd are relatively more mobile and hence more toxic in the contaminated soils. Strongly significant relationships between H20-Pb, H20-Zn and H20-Cu, strong positive correlations between H20-Pb, H20-Zn, H20-Cu and organic matter in soil were found. The content of H20-Pb, H20-Zn, H20-Cu was negatively correlated with pH values. The similar negative relationships between pH values and exchangeable heavy metals were also recorded. It is suggested that increasing soil pH or liming the soil could decrease bioavailability of heavy met

关键词： fractionation heavy metal mining tailings risk assessment soil pollution

Ecological effects of crude oil residues on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in three weed rhizospheres

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第6期18卷 1101-1106页

作者： ZHANG Qian-ru ZHOU Qi-xing REN Li-ping zhu yong-guan SUN Shu-lan Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Kyushu University Fukuoka 8128582 Japan

Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）, jerusalem artichoke （Silphiurn perfoliatum L.） and evening primrose （A colypha australis L.） rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units （CFUs） in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke （S. perfoliatum） rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant （p〉0.05） difference in the Shannon＇s diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues.

关键词： ecological effect weed rhizosphere crude oil residue soil microorganism functional diversity

Relationships Between Agronomic and Environmental Soil Test Phosphorus in Three Typical Cultivated Soils in China

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Pedosphere 2008年第6期18卷 795-800页

作者： WANG Xin-Min JIE Xiao-Lei zhu yong-guan HOU Yan-Lin ZHANG Tie-Quan Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry Engineering Zhengzhou Henan 450011 （China） Department of Soil Environmental Science ResearchCenter for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sci-ences Beijing 100085 （China） Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center Agriculture ~z Agri-Food Canada Harrow Ontario NOR 1 G （Canada）

A study was conducted to determine the relationships between agronomic soil test P and environmental soil test P in three soils predominately distributing in three typical agricultural production areas of China. Soil P was analyzed using Bray-1 （BP）, Olsen （OP）, and Mehlich-3 （MP） methods as agronomic tests, and using Fe-oxide impregnated filter paper （FeP）, anion-exchange resin membrane （RP）, and water （WP） as environmental tests. There were linear relationships between soil P extractable with all the tests evaluated. The regression coefficients, R^2, ranged from 0.8164 to 0.9409 between each two of the agronomic soil test P, and ranged from 0.4702 to 0.8990 between each two of the environmental soil test P, when the three soils were considered separately. When soil test P was analyzed across all the three soils, the highest regression R^2 was found between OP and MP （0.7940） amongst agronomic soil test P, and between FeP and RP amongst environmental soil test P （0.8842）. While all of the three agronomic soil test P was linearly related to each of the environmental soil test P across the three soils, strongest relationships were found between OP and environmental soil test P. Agronomic OP may be adopted as an analytical tool for environmental prediction of soil P.

关键词： environment phosphorus testing methods

A survey of arsenic and other heavy metals in vegetation from markets or mine tailings

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 287-291页

作者： LIU Wen-ju Kim Kyoung-woong zhu yong-guan LEE Sang-woo CHANG Pei-chun Kwak Ji-hyun Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology （GIST） Gwangju 500-712 Korea Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China College of Natural Resources and Environment Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China

This research includes two investigations. The first one is a market basket survey of the levels of arsenic （As） and trace elements in bracken fern （Pteridium aquilinum） originated from three countries： South Korea, China and North Korea. The results showed that the mean As concentrations in stems of samples were significantly higher than those in leaves. As concentrations in all samples did not exceed food safety limits for vegetables. Generally, concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in leaves were higher than those in stems. The second investigation is a survey on the levels of As and other heavy metals in vegetation in the vicinity of Myoungbong mine tailings. The results demonstrated that As, Pb and Cu concentrations and bioaccumulation factors （BCF） in seedlings of the fern（A splenium achilleifolium） were the highest, whereas Marsh horsetail（Equisetum polustre） accumulated the highest levels of Zn. Concentrations of As, Pb, Zn and Cu in vegetable-cress （Lepidium sativum） and the edible herb-aromatic madder （Elasholtzia splendens） were higher than food safety limits. Therefore, a risk assessment of As and other heavy metals in vegetables and herbs on local human health should be conducted in the future.

关键词： arsenic heavy metals ferns bioaccumulation factors

Effect of Long-Term Application of Chemical Fertilizers on Microbial Biomass and Functional Diversity of a Black Soil

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Pedosphere 2008年第6期18卷 801-808页

作者： KONG Wei-Dong zhu yong-guan FU Bo-Jie HAN Xiao-Zeng ZHANG Lei HE Ji-Zheng Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 （China） Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Harbin 150040 （China） Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 （China）

An experiment with seven N, P, K-fertilizer treatments, i.e., control (no fertilizer), NP, NK, PK, NPK, NP2K, and NPK2 where P2 and K2 indicate double amounts of P and K fertilizers respectively, was conducted to examine the effect of long-term continuous application of chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass and functional diversity of a black soil (Udoll in the USDA Soil Taxonomy) in Northeast China. The soil microbial biomass C ranged between 94 and 145 mg kg-1, with the NK treatment showing a lower biomass; the functional diversity of soil microbial community ranged from 4.13 to 4.25, with an increasing tendency from control to double-fertilizer treatments, and to triple-fertilizer treatments. The soil microbial biomass, and the microbial functional diversity and evenness did not show any significant differences among the different fertilizer treatments including control, suggesting that the long-term application of chemical fertilization would not result in significant changes in the microbial characteristics of the black soil.

关键词： Biolog black soil chemical fertilizer microbial biomass microbial functional diversity

(微)塑料污染对土壤生态系统的影响:进展与思考

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农业环境科学学报 2019年第1期38卷 1-6页

作者：朱永官朱冬许通马军中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室福建厦门361021

塑料已经成为现代社会不可或缺的产品而被广泛应用,塑料污染也成了一个全球性的环境污染问题。近年来,土壤塑料污染的问题也开始受到关注。本文针对近几年来国内外关于塑料污染对土壤生态系统的影响进行综述,主要包括以下几个方面:(1)... 详细信息

塑料已经成为现代社会不可或缺的产品而被广泛应用,塑料污染也成了一个全球性的环境污染问题。近年来,土壤塑料污染的问题也开始受到关注。本文针对近几年来国内外关于塑料污染对土壤生态系统的影响进行综述,主要包括以下几个方面:(1)微塑料对土壤物理化学性质的影响;(2)微塑料对土壤微生物群落的影响;(3)微塑料与土壤动物的相互作用。最后,本文对未来关于土壤微塑料研究的重点方向进行了展望。

关键词：塑料污染土壤微生物生态系统服务土壤动物肠道微生物

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湿地植物根表的铁锰氧化物膜

生态学报 2005年第2期25卷 358-363页

作者：刘文菊朱永官中国科学院生态环境研究中心北京10085

湿地植物根系具有泌氧能力 ,使其根表及根际微环境呈氧化状态。因而 ,土壤溶液中一些还原性物质被氧化 ,如 Fe2 + ,Mn2 + ,形成的氧化物呈红色或红棕色胶膜状包裹在根表 ,称为铁锰氧化物膜。铁锰氧化物膜及其根际微环境是湿地植物根系... 详细信息

湿地植物根系具有泌氧能力 ,使其根表及根际微环境呈氧化状态。因而 ,土壤溶液中一些还原性物质被氧化 ,如 Fe2 + ,Mn2 + ,形成的氧化物呈红色或红棕色胶膜状包裹在根表 ,称为铁锰氧化物膜。铁锰氧化物膜及其根际微环境是湿地植物根系吸收养分和污染物的门户 ,势必会影响这些物质的吸收。主要综述了铁锰氧化物膜的形成和组成 ,以及根表形成的氧化物膜的生态效应。

关键词：湿地植物铁锰氧化物膜生态效应重金属污染物养分

土壤无机磷酸盐中氧同位素分析方法的研究及应用

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分析化学 2015年第2期43卷 187-192页

作者：张晗王佳妮朱永官张娴中国科学院城市环境研究所环境与健康重点实验室分析测试中心

土壤磷酸盐氧同位素在生物地球化学研究领域中具有重要的应用,土壤成分复杂,氧同位素来源多样,可靠的样品富集和纯化技术是磷酸盐氧同位素研究的前提保障。本研究以土壤无机磷酸盐氧同位素为研究对象,采用多步沉淀法对土壤中无机磷酸盐... 详细信息

土壤磷酸盐氧同位素在生物地球化学研究领域中具有重要的应用,土壤成分复杂,氧同位素来源多样,可靠的样品富集和纯化技术是磷酸盐氧同位素研究的前提保障。本研究以土壤无机磷酸盐氧同位素为研究对象,采用多步沉淀法对土壤中无机磷酸盐进行提取,并转化成Ag3PO4沉淀分离,用于磷酸盐氧同位素测试。以氨水重结晶方法对Ag3PO4进行纯化,通过XRD和元素分析验证了产品纯度。结果表明,通过H2O2漂洗去除有机质后,辅助氨水重结晶可有效去除Ag3PO4中夹杂的Ag2O和Ag单质等无机杂质,未产生同位素分馏,采用标准KH2PO4对方法全流程安全性进行验证。对3种不同利用类型的土壤中磷酸盐进行分析,结果表明,方法的平行性良好,不同类型土壤磷酸盐氧同位素差异显著,δ18Op值在15.2‰;9.5‰之间,可用于土壤磷溯源研究。

关键词：土壤无机磷酸盐磷酸银氧同位素

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微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的影响

环境科学 2021年第8期42卷 3785-3790页

作者：周曙仡聃朱永官黄福义中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室厦门361021 中国科学院大学北京100049

水环境中的微塑料和微生物抗生素抗性基因复合污染已经发展成为全球性的重大环境问题,给人类健康和生态环境带来新的挑战.海水中的微塑料残留日益增加,但是不同种类微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的干扰和影响还不是很清楚.选择了聚乙烯(PE... 详细信息

水环境中的微塑料和微生物抗生素抗性基因复合污染已经发展成为全球性的重大环境问题,给人类健康和生态环境带来新的挑战.海水中的微塑料残留日益增加,但是不同种类微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的干扰和影响还不是很清楚.选择了聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和具有一定水溶性的聚乙烯醇(PVA)这3种乙烯基微塑料,采集海水并添加微塑料进行了曝气培养实验(49 d),利用高通量定量PCR技术,研究微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的影响.结果表明,空白对照海水、添加PE海水、添加PVC海水和添加PVA海水抗生素抗性基因的种类分别为20、35、42和64种,微塑料使得海水中的抗生素抗性基因种类显著增多;在丰度水平上,空白对照海水、添加PE海水、添加PVC海水和添加PVA海水抗生素抗性基因的丰度分别为4.01×10^(6)、2.75×10^(7)、4.54×10^(7)和1.05×10^(8)copies·L^(-1),微塑料显著增加了海水中抗生素抗性基因的丰度.因此,相较于空白对照海水,微塑料显著增加了海水抗生素抗性基因多样性和丰度水平;OLS回归分析显示,抗生素抗性基因与16S r RNA基因和可移动遗传元件有着显著正相关关系,说明微生物的丰度和基因水平转移机制能够影响海水抗生素抗性基因的分布、存续和演变.

关键词：微塑料海水抗生素高通量定量PCR 抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)