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Understanding the boundary and mechanism of gas-induced explosion for lithium-ion cells:Experimental and theoretical analysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第11期86卷 546-558,I0012页

作者： Tongxin Shan xiaoqing zhu Zhenpo Wang National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education School of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Thermal runaway(TR)of lithium-ion(Li-ion)batteries(LIBs)involves multiple forms of hazards,such as gas venting/jetting,fire,or even ***,as the most extreme case,is caused by the generated flammable gases,and a deflagration to detonation transition(DDT)may occur in this ***,overheat-to-TR tests and the corresponding outgas-induced explosion tests were conducted on 42 Ah Li-ion cells with Li[Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)]*** sum of CO_(2),H_(2),C_(2)H_(4),CO,and CH4accounted for more than 90%of the ***/upper explosion limits(LEL/UEL),laminar flame speed,and ideal stable detonation pressure were calculated to interpret the explosion characteristics and *** turned out that shockwave was easily to be compressed and accelerated under higher state of charge(SOC)***,Li-ion cells explosion may evolve into unstable detonation in encapsulated battery pack and its evolution mechanism was explained,which provides a new idea for explosion-proof design of LIBs ***,a comprehensive assessment method was developed to intuitively characterize TR *** of explosion presented an upward trend with the increase of SOC while the sensitivity was not the *** study provides a further anatomy of TR,which is instructive to the safety of power battery systems.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Thermal runaway Gas explosion Evolution mechanism Safety

Leading-edge receptivity of boundary layer to three-dimensional free-stream turbulence

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第6期40卷 851-860页

作者： Luyu SHEN Changgen LU xiaoqing zhu School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

The laminar-turbulent transition has always been a hot topic of fluid mechanics. Receptivity is the initial stage and plays a crucial role in the entire transition process. The previous studies of receptivity focus on external disturbances such as sound waves and vortices in the free stream, whereas those on the leading-edge receptivity to the three-dimensional free-stream turbulence (FST), which is more general in the nature, are rarely reported. In consideration of this, this work is devoted to investigating the receptivity process of three-dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) wave packets excited by the three-dimensional FST in a flat-plate boundary layer numerically. The relations between the leading-edge receptivity and the turbulence intensity are established, and the influence of the FST directions on the propagation directions and group velocities of the excited T-S wave packets is studied. Moreover, the leading-edge receptivity to the anisotropic FST is also studied. This parametric investigation can contribute to the prediction of laminar-turbulent transition.

关键词： leading-edge receptivity free-stream turbulence (FST) boundary layer three-dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) wave

Madouzi-type (nodular) sedimentary copper deposit associated with the Emeishan basalt

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第12期54卷 1880-1891页

作者： WANG FuDong zhu xiaoqing WANG ZhongGang State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Ore minerals in the sedimentary-type Cu deposits in the Xuanwei Formation overlying the Emeishan basalt are dominated by copper sulfides and native copper. As the ores mostly exhibit concretionary structure, previous researchers named them the ＂Madouzi-type Copper Deposit＂. Here the authors carried out mineralogical and isotopic studies on copper nodules in this ore deposit. The mineralogical study shows that copper nodules are composed of copper sulfides that have been cemented by ferruginous amorphous minerals, clay, and carbonaceous fragments in the modes of metasomatism and sedimentation. The nodules are preliminarily present as aggregates of gelatinous material. The isotopic analysis shows that the δ^13CPDB values of anhraxolite are within the range of-24.8‰-23.9‰, indicating that the anthraxolite is the product of sedimentary metamorphism of in-situ plants. The δ^34SV-CDT values of chalcocite are within the range of 7.6‰-13.1‰, close to those （about 11%~） of Permian seawater. The δ^34SV-CDT values of bornite and chalcopyrite are 21.6‰-22.2‰, similar to the sulfur isotopic composition （20‰） of marine sulfate, indicative of different sources of sulfur. The above characteristics indicate that the copper nodules were formed in such a process that Cu-bearing basalt underwent weathering-leaching and copper-bearing material was transported into waters （e.g., rivers, lakes, and swamps） and then adsorbed on clay and ferruginous amorphous mineral fragments. Then, the copper-bearing material was suspended and transported in the form of gelinite. In lake or swamp environment it was co-deposited with sediments to form copper nodules. At later stages there occurred metasomatism and hydrothermal superimposition, followed by the replacement of chalcocite by bornite and the superimposition of chalcopyrite over bornite, finally resulting in the formation of the ＂Madouzi-type＂ nodular copper deposit.

关键词： Emeishan basalt copper nodule colloid isotope sedimentary-type copper deposit

Geochronology and geochemistry of the five magmatic rocks in the Ningzhen region,China

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第2期38卷 241-261页

作者： Shunfu Lu xiaoqing zhu Xiaofen Li State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Earthquake Administration of Hubei Province

The Ningzhen region of China is located in the easternmost part of the middle-lower Yangtze River Cu–Fe polymetallic metallogenic belt. From west to east, it comprises five main intermediate–acidic intrusive complexes: the Qilinmen, Anjishan, Xiashu–Gaozi, Shima, and Jianbi complexes. Geochemical investigations show that these five intrusive complexes exhibit high contents of SiO_2, at 64.74–73.40 wt%, Al_2O_3, at 14.15–17.37 wt%, and K_2O + Na_2O, at 6.49–8.68 wt%. The majority of the samples belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series, with a few samples plotting in the calc-alkaline and tholeiitic series. Trace element analysis shows that the samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements(LILE) and are depleted in high field strength elements(HFSE).The chondrite-normalized rare earth element(REE) patterns are characterized by right-inclined curves, showing light rare earth element(LREE) enrichment. In addition,the(La/Yb)Nratios are high at 15.02–37.28, with an average of 29.13, and slightly negative or none Eu anomalies are present. In the(La/Yb)N–d Eu diagram, the samples plot within the crust-mantle type field. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry(LA–ICP–MS) zircon U–Pb dating yielded ages of122.0 ± 1.0 Ma, 106.1 ± 0.8 Ma, 108.7 ± 1.4 Ma,103.5 ± 1.9 Ma, and 96.8 ± 1.7 Ma for the Qilinmen,Anjishan, Xiashu–Gaozi, Shima, and Jianbi complexes,respectively. On the basis of this research and knowledge of several known metal deposits related to these complexes, we suggest that the Mesozoic large-scale diagenesis and metallogenesis in the Ningzhen region may have ceased at 100 Ma or about 95 Ma.

关键词： Intermediate-acidic intrusive complexes LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating Geochemistry Geodynamic setting Ningzhen region

In, Sn, Pb and Zn Contents and Their Relationships in Ore-forming Fluids from Some In-rich and In-poor Deposits in China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第3期81卷 450-462页

作者： ZHANG Qian zhu xiaoqing HE Yuliang zhu Zhaohui State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang Guizhou 550002 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039

All the indium-rich deposits with indium contents in ores more than 100×10^-6 seems to be of cassiterite-sulfide deposits or Sn-bearing Pb-Zn deposits, e.g., in the Dachang Sn deposit in Guangxi, the Dulong Sn-Zn deposit in Yunnan, and the Meng＇entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in Inner Mongolia, the indium contents in ores range from 98×10^-6 to 236×10^-6 and show a good positive correlation with contents of zinc and tin, and their correlation coefficients are 0.8781 and 0.7430, respectively. The indium contents from such Sn-poor deposits as the Fozichong Pb-Zn deposit in Guangxi and the Huanren Pb-Zn deposit in Liaoning are generally lower than 10×10^-6, i.e., whether tin is present or not in a deposit implies the enrichment extent of indium in ores. Whether the In enrichment itself in the ore -forming fluids or the ore-forming conditions has actually caused the enrichment/depletion of indium in the deposits？ After studying the fluid inclusions in quartz crystallized at the main stage of mineralization of several In-rich and In-poor deposits in China, this paper analyzed the contents and studied the variation trend of In, Sn, Pb and Zn in the ore-forming fluids. The results show that the contents of lead and zinc in the ore-forming fluids of In-rich and -poor deposits are at the same level, and the lead contents range from 22×10^-6 to 81×10^-6 and zinc from 164×10^-6 to 309×10^-6, while the contents of indium and tin in the ore-forming fluids of In-rich deposits are far higher than those of Inpoor deposits, with a difference of 1-2 orders of magnitude. Indium and tin contents in ore-forming fluid of In-rich deposits are 1.9×10^-6-4.1×10^-6 and 7×10^-6-55×10^-6, and there is a very good positive correlation between the two elements, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9552. Indium and tin contents in ore-forming fluid of In-poor deposits are 0.03×10^-6-0.09×10^-6 and 0.4×10^-6-2.0×10^-6, respectively, and there is no apparent correlation between them. This indicates, on

关键词： In-rich deposit In-poor deposit ore-forming fluid fluid inclusion ore-forming elements

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit,Inner Mongolia,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第4期80卷 528-539页

作者： zhu xiaoqing ZHANG Qian HE Yuliang zhu Chaohui Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang Guizhou 550002 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039

The Huogeqi orefield located on the northern side of Mt. Langshan, Inner Mongolia occurs in the Middle Proterozoic Langshan Group metamorphic rocks, and the orebodies arc stratiform. In the past twenty years, many Chinese geologists have conducted researches on the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, but there has been still a controversy on its origin. Some advocate that the deposit is of sedimentary-metamorphic rcworking origin, some hold that it is of sea-floor SEDEX origin, and others have a preference for magmatic superimposition origin. The crux of the controversy is that there is no common understanding about the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, the Pb isotopic compositions of regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks, various types of sedimentary- metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in the mining district, Late Proterozoic and Hercynian magmatic rocks arc introduced and compared with the orc-lead composition, so as to constrain the source of the ore lead. The result indicates that （1） sulfides in the ores have homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions, showing a narrow variation range. Their ^206pb/^204pb ratios arc within a range of 17.027- 17.317; ^207Pb/^204pb ratios, 15.451-15.786 and ^208Pb/^204pb ratios, 36.747-37.669; （2） the Pb isotopic compositions of the regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks arc characteristic of the old Pb isotopic composition at the early-stage evolution of the Earth, which varies over a wider range, reflecting significant differences in Pb isotopic compositions of the ores. All this indicates that the source of ore lead has no bearing on the basement rocks; （3） the sedimentary-metamorphic rocks in the mining district arc characterized by highly variable and more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions and their Pb isotopic ratios arc obviously higher than those of ores, demonstrating that ore lead did not result from metamorphic rcworking of these rocks; （4） Pb isotopic compositions of Late Proterozoic diorite-g

关键词： Pb isotopic composition ore lead source Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit Inner Mongolia

Simulating experiment on the enrichment of precious metals in Lower Cambrian black shale series of Hunan and Guizhou provinces

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2011年第3期30卷 375-381页

作者： HAN Tao zhu xiaoqing LI Zengsheng The State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposzt Geochemtstry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Adsorption experiments were made at room temperature and neutral pH value on different types of min-erals associated with the Lower Cambrian black shale series polymetallic layers in Hunan and Guizhou provinces on nanometer-sized Pt colloids and PtCl42--bearing ionic solutions with an attempt to constrain the relationship between the different types of minerals in the polymetallic layers and the enrichment of platinum group elements (PGEs). Experimental results showed that the different types of minerals show strong selectivity to the adsorption of nano-meter-sized Pt colloids and PtCl42--bearing ionic solutions. Metallic sulfides, organic matter and clay minerals are the strong adsorbents of PGEs, while quartz, albite, muscovite and other silicate minerals show a week adsorbility to both of them. This phenomenon is well consistent with the geological fact that metallic sulfides, organic matter and clay minerals in the polymetallic layers of the black shale series are the major carrier minerals of PGEs, giving a thorough explanation to the mechanism of enrichment of previous metal elements. Adsorption may be a principal mechanism of enrichment of precious metal elements under lower temperature conditions. The presence of the aforementioned strong adsorbents is the good geochemical barriers for the enrichment of PGEs.

关键词：黑色岩系金属富集模拟实验下寒武统贵州湖南铂族元素金属硫化物

西菲律宾海起源——来自海底钻孔岩芯同位素年代学和地球化学的证据

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地质学报 2025年第1期99卷 252-264页

作者：侯方辉黄威朱晓青陆凯秦轲李攀峰孙军韩同刚中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所山东青岛266237 青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室山东青岛266237

已死亡的西菲律宾海是菲律宾海板块上最大的构造单元,然而关于西菲律宾海的起源仍存在争论。本文基于海底浅钻岩芯的同位素年代学研究,对西菲律宾海的起源进行了研究。研究表明,海底岩芯的93个碎屑锆石年龄范围在2759~31 Ma之间,除了3... 详细信息

已死亡的西菲律宾海是菲律宾海板块上最大的构造单元,然而关于西菲律宾海的起源仍存在争论。本文基于海底浅钻岩芯的同位素年代学研究,对西菲律宾海的起源进行了研究。研究表明,海底岩芯的93个碎屑锆石年龄范围在2759~31 Ma之间,除了3颗年轻锆石与西菲律宾海盆的新生代海底扩张有关外,>95%的年龄早于新生代,表明大多数碎屑来自更古老的、早先存在的岩石单元,且位于大陆边缘而不是洋内弧。大量元古宙—太古宙碎屑锆石年龄以及Lu-Hf的模式年龄表明存在古老的再循环陆壳物质。锆石的稀土元素配分模式和形成环境图解,均显示陆壳来源。锆石年龄谱显示有2532 Ma、2022 Ma、1500 Ma、792 Ma、426 Ma、210 Ma等几个峰值,与冈瓦纳大陆的年龄谱有相似性,表明西菲律宾海(原菲律宾海陆块)可能起源于东冈瓦纳大陆澳大利亚东北边缘。伴随着新特提斯洋打开,原菲律宾海陆块(包括大东海脊区、加瓜海脊、东菲律宾地体、哈马黑拉-卫古地体等)从澳大利亚北缘裂解后快速向北漂移,随后伴随着西菲律宾海盆的打开而发生分裂,裂离的各个部分则位于目前的西菲律宾海北部大东海脊区、西部加瓜海脊、南部哈马黑拉-卫古岛,以及东菲律宾的吕宋-萨马儿-棉兰老东部。该研究为进一步约束东南亚-西太平洋的古板块构造格局及演化提供了证据。

关键词：西菲律宾海海底岩芯同位素年代学地球化学板块起源

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The occurrence of gold in pyrite from the Liulincha gold ore belt,western Hunan Province,China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2013年第4期32卷 392-397页

作者： LI Zengsheng zhu xiaoqing LU Huanzhang HAN Tao State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Quebec at Chicoutimi

In this study,an electron microprobe analyzer(EMPA) was used to map the spatial distribution and the occurrence of invisible gold in pyrite from the Liulincha gold ore *** data show that gold mainly occurs as submicroscopic-microscopic *** the contrast of the major guide elements of pyrite from the Liulincha gold ore belt and those from four hydrothermal-type gold deposits in the Jiaodong region,we can see the pyrites were formed in two stages:the pyrite from wall rock is mainly sedimentogenic,with simple structure;and the pyrite from ore body experienced early sedimentary process to late hydrothermal activity,the pyrite is regular in crystal form and exhibits fractured structure.

关键词：黄铁矿金矿带湖南省电子探针分析西部中国断裂结构空间分布