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Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics and NOX Emissions of Pulverized Anthracite Preheated by Circulating Fluidized Bed

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Journal of Thermal Science 2011年第4期20卷 355-361页

作者： WANG Jun zhu jian-guo LU Qing-gang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 11 Beisihuanxi Road Haidian District Beijing 100190 China Graduated University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China

A 30 kW bench-scale rig of pulverized anthracite combustion preheated by a circulating fluidized bed （CFB） was developed. The CFB riser has a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 1,500 mm. The down-fired combustion chamber （DFCC） has a diameter of 260 mm and a height of 3,000 mm. Combustion experiments were carded out using pulverized anthracite with 6.74% volatile content. This low volatile coal is difficult to ignite and burn out. Therefore, it requires longer burnout time and higher combustion temperature, which results in larger NOx emis- sions. In the current study, important factors that influence the combustion characteristics and NOx emissions were investigated such as excess air ratio, air ratio in the reducing zone, and fuel residence time in the reducing zone. Pulverized anthracite can be quickly preheated up to 800~C in CFB when the primary air is 24% of theo- retical air for combustion, and the temperature profile is uniform in DFCC. The combustion efficiency is 94.2%, which is competitive with other anthracite combustion technologies. When the excess air ratio ranges from 1.26 to 1.67, the coal-N conversion ratio is less than 32% and the NOx emission concentration is less than 371 mg/m^3 （@6% O2）. When the air ratio in the reducing zone is 0.12, the NOx concentration is 221 mg/m^3 （@6% O2）, and the coal-N conversion ratio is 21%, which is much lower than that of other boilers.

关键词： circulating fluidized bed preheat pulverized anthracite NOx

蛇莓提取物通过GPX4诱导铁死亡抑制肾癌细胞OS-RC-2增殖

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中国药理学通报 2024年第4期40卷 662-670页

作者：游赣花安群英何娟李凯杨萌文周钱城朱建国贵州省第二人民医院科研科贵州贵阳550004 衡水市第六人民医院全科医学科河北衡水053200 贵州中医药大学第二附属医院口腔科贵州贵阳550003 贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院贵州贵阳550005 遵义医科大学研究生院贵州遵义563000 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二五医院质量管理科贵州贵阳550000 贵州省人民医院泌尿外科贵州贵阳550000

目的探讨蛇莓醇提物通过铁死亡抑制肾癌细胞OS-RC-2增殖的作用机制。方法蛇莓醇提物给药,CCK-8试验检测细胞增殖;活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)检测试剂盒、GSH试剂盒、MDA试剂盒、细胞凋亡试剂盒分别检测细胞ROS、GSH、MDA含量... 详细信息

目的探讨蛇莓醇提物通过铁死亡抑制肾癌细胞OS-RC-2增殖的作用机制。方法蛇莓醇提物给药,CCK-8试验检测细胞增殖;活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)检测试剂盒、GSH试剂盒、MDA试剂盒、细胞凋亡试剂盒分别检测细胞ROS、GSH、MDA含量及凋亡水平;网络药理学分析蛇莓成分-靶点;分子对接检测蛇莓成分与铁死亡核心靶点GPX4的结合能力;Western blot对铁死亡信号通路关键蛋白进行检测;利用铁死亡的抑制剂Fer-1和ROS抑制剂NAC进行回复试验,检测细胞增殖及铁死亡蛋白的变化;蛇莓醇提物中的Dulcitol(卫矛醇)给药,检测细胞增殖及GPX4蛋白的变化。结果蛇莓可在一定程度上呈时间-浓度依赖性抑制细胞增殖,显著增加ROS、MDA水平而降低GSH水平;流式细胞术显示蛇莓可显著促进细胞凋亡,但并没有呈浓度依赖方式;网络药理学和分子对接结果显示蛇莓中的卫矛醇与GPX4结合稳定(-6.5 kJ·mol^(-1));Western blot结果显示蛇莓明显降低GPX4、SLC7A11并升高HO-1及Transferrin蛋白水平;回复试验结果显示,Fer-1与蛇莓联合给药、NAC与蛇莓联合给药均可显著逆转蛇莓单独给药引起的细胞活力降低和铁死亡关键蛋白GPX4、SLC7A11、HO-1及Transferrin的蛋白水平变化。卫矛醇给药可抑制OS-RC-2细胞增殖并降低GPX4蛋白表达水平。结论综上所述,蛇莓醇提物可能通过降低GPX4的表达,促使肾癌细胞发生增殖抑制及ROS积累,进一步驱动细胞铁死亡,且卫矛醇可能是蛇莓中潜在的直接作用于GPX4的药效物质。

关键词：蛇莓卫矛醇 OS-RC-2细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 活性氧铁死亡

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Contrasting Response Patterns of Rice Phyllosphere Bacterial Taxa to Elevated CO_2

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 544-552页

作者： REN Gai-Di zhu jian-guo JIA Zhong-Jun Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

A vast number of microorganisms colonize the leaf surface of terrestrial plants, known as the phyllosphere, and these microorganisms are thought to be of critical importance in plant growth and health. However, the taxonomic identities and ecological functions of the microorganisms inhabiting the rice phyllosphere remain poorly understood. Using a massive, parallel pyrosequencing technique, we identified the phyllosphere bacterial taxa of four different rice varieties and investigated the microbial response to elevated CO2 （eCO2） in a rice field of a free-air CO2 enrichment （FACE） facility located in jiangsu Province, China. The results showed that the dominant phylotype, the Enterobacteriaceae family of Gammaproteobacteria~ accounted for 70.6%-93.8% of the total bacterial communities in the rice phyllosphere. The dominant phylotype was stimulated by eCO2, with its relative abundance increasing from 70.6%-75.2% at ambient CO2 （aCO2） to 86.5%-93.8% at eCO2 in the phyllosphere of rice varieties IIYou084 （TY-084）, YangLiangYou6 （YLY-6）, and ZhenXian96 （ZX-96）. The rare phylotypes, including the bacterial taxa of Sphingobacteriaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Clostridiaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae, were suppressed and their relative abundance decreased from 13.4%-23.0% at aCO2 to 1.47% 6.11% at eGO2. Furthermore, the bacterial diversity indices decreased at eCO2 in the phyllosphere of the rice varieties TY-084, YLY-6, and ZX-96. In contrast, an opposite response pattern was observed for the rice variety of YangDao8 （YD-8）. In the phyllosphere of this variety, the relative abundance of the dominant phylotype, Enterobacteriaceae, decreased from 94.1% at aCO2 to 81.4% at eCO2, while that of the rare phylotypes increased from 3.37% to 6.59%. In addition, eCO2 appeared to stimulate bacterial diversity in the rice variety YD-8. Our results suggest that the phyllosphere microbial response to eCO2 might be relative abundance-dependent in paddy fields.

关键词： bacterial diversity free-air CO2 enrichment microbial response paddy field pyrosequencing rice variety

Nitrogen Cycling and Losses Under Rice-Wheat Rotations with Coated Urea and Urea in the Taihu Lake Region

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Pedosphere 2007年第1期17卷 62-69页

作者： WANG Xiao-Zhi zhu jian-guo GAO Ren H. YASUKAZU FENG Ke State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Environment Science and Engineering College Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 （China） Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 （China） Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences 1-2 Ohwashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8686 （Japan）

A lysimeter experiment with undisturbed soil profiles was carried out to study nitrogen cycling and losses in a paddy soll with applications of coated urea and urea under a rice-wheat rotation system in the Taihu Lake region from 2001 to 2003. Treatments for rice and wheat included urea at conventional, 300 （rice） and 250 （wheat） kg N ha^-1, and reduced levels, 150 （rice） and 125 （wheat） kg N ha^-1, coated urea at two levels, 100 （rice） and 75 （wheat） kg N ha^-1, and 150 （rice） and 125 （wheat） kg N ha^-1, and a control with no nitrogen arranged in a completely randomized design. The results under two rice-wheat rotations showed that N losses through both NH3 volatilization and runoff in the coated urea treatments were much lower than those in the urea treatments. In the urea treatments N runoff losses were significantly （P 〈 0.001） positively correlated （r = 0.851） with applied N. N concentration in surface water increased rapidly to maximum two days after urea application and then decreased quickly. However, if there was no heavy rain within five days of fertilizer application, the likelihood of N loss by runoff was not high. As the treatments showed little difference in N loss via percolation, nitrate N in the groundwater of the paddy fields was not directly related to N leaching. The total yield of the two rice-wheat rotations in the treatment of coated urea at 50% conventional level was higher than that in the treatment of urea at the conventional level. Thus, coated urea was more favorable to rice production and environmental protection than urea.

关键词： ammonia volatilization coated urea N cycling percolation runoff

Effects of Elevated Ozone Concentration on Starch and Starch Synthesis Enzymes of Yangmai 16 Under Fully Open-Air Field Conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2157-2163页

作者： ZHANG Ru-biao HU Hai-juan ZHAO Zheng YANG Dan-dan zhu Xin-kai guo Wen-shan zhu jian-guo Kazuhiko Kobayashi Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Physiology Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research InstituteYangzhou University State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Ministry of Science and Technology/Institute of Soil SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo

O3 is not only greenhouse gas but also a primary gaseous contaminant in the *** has long-lasting effects on crop growth,yield and quality,and brings a series of ecological and environmental problems.A free-air controlled enrichment（FACE） system was applied to study the effect of elevated ozone concentration on activities of key enzymes of starch synthesis of Yangmai 16 in *** main-plot treatment had two levels of O 3 ：ambient level（A-O 3） and 50% higher than ambient level（E-O 3）.The main results were that accumulation rate of amylose,amylopectin and starch were represented in a single peak curve,and their content and accumulation amount rose *** O 3 elevation decreased the accumulation rate of amylose,amylopectin and starch amylase,reduced the accumulation amount of amylopectin and starch,and decreased the content of amylopectin and starch,but increased the content of *** the increase of O 3 concentration,the enzyme activity of grain granule-bound starch synthase（GBSS）,soluble starch synthase（SSS） and starch branching enzyme（SBE） decreased after *** activities of GBSS and SSS had highly significant correlations with amylose,amylopectin and starch accumulation rate,and the activity of SBE had significant correlations with these *** the O 3 elevation decreased the activity of key enzymes of starch synthesis,which led to the variation of starch synthesis.

关键词： O3 FACE wheat starch activity of enzymes

Numerical Simulation of Root Growth Dynamics of CO_2-Enriched Hybrid Rice Cultivar Shanyou 63 Under Fully Open-Air Field Conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第5期12卷 781-787页

作者： SUN Cheng-ming LIU Tao guo Dou-dou zhuANG Heng-yang WANG Yu-long zhu jian-guo Key Lab of Crop Cultivation & Physiology Jiangsu Province/Agricultural CollegeYangzhou University Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hybrid indica rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivars play an important role in rice production system due to its heterosis, resistance to environmental stress, large panicle, and high yield potential. However, no attention has been given to its root growth dynamic responses to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration （[CO2]） in conjunction with nitrogen （N） availability. Free air COz enrichment （FACE） and N have significant effects on rice root growth. In this experiment, a hybrid cultivar Shanyou 63 （Oryza sativa L.） was used to study the effects of FACE and N levels on roots growth of rice. The results showed a significant increase in both adventitious root volume （ARV） and adventitious root dry weight （ARD） under the FACE treatment. The application of nitrogen also increased ARV and ARD, but the increase was smaller than that under FACE treatment. On the basis of the FACE experiment, numerical models for rice adventitious root volume and dry weight were built with the time as the driving factor. The models illustrated the dynamic development of rice adventitious root volume and dry weight after transplanting, regulated either by the influence factor of atmospheric [CO2] or by N application. The models were successfully used to predict ARV and ARD under FACE treatment in a different year with the predicted data being closely related to the actual experimental data. The model had guiding significance to growth regulation of rice root under the condition of atmospheric [CO2] rising in the future.

关键词： hybrid indica rice free air C02 enrichment (FACE) root volume root dry weight numerical model

Effect of Atmospheric CO_2 Enrichment on Soil Respiration in Winter Wheat Growing Seasons of a Rice-Wheat Rotation System

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Pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 752-766页

作者： SUN Hui-Feng zhu jian-guo XIE Zu-Bin LIU Gang TANG Hao-Ye State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences jiangsu Biochar Engineering Center

Studies on the effect of elevated CO2 on C dynamics in cultivated croplands are critical to a better understanding of the C cycling in response to climate change in agroecosystems. To evaluate the effects of elevated CO2 and different N fertilizer application levels on soil respiration, winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 14） plants were exposed to either ambient CO2 or elevated CO2 （ambient [CO2] ＋ 200 μmol mol-1）, under N fertilizer application levels of 112.5 and 225 kg N ha-1 （as low N and normal N subtreatments, respectively）, for two growing seasons （2006-2007 and 2007-2008） in a rice-winter wheat rotation system typical in China. A split-plot design was adopted. A root exclusion method was used to partition soil respiration （RS） into heterotrophic respiration （RH） and autotrophic respiration （RA）. Atmospheric CO2 enrichment increased seasonal cumulative RS by 11.8% at low N and 5.6% at normal N when averaged over two growing seasons. Elevated CO2 significantly enhanced （P 〈 0.05） RS （12.7%）, mainly due to the increase in RH （caused by decomposition of larger amounts of rice residue under elevated CO2） during a relative dry season in 2007-2008. Higher N supply also enhanced RS under ambient and elevated CO2. In the 2007-2008 season, normal N treatment had a significant positive effect （P 〈 0.01） on seasonal cumulative RS relative to low N treatment when averaged across CO2 levels （16.3%）. A significant increase in RA was mainly responsible for the enhanced RS under higher N supply. The correlation （r2） between RH and soil temperature was stronger （P 〈 0.001） than that between RS and soil temperature when averaged across all treatments in both seasons. Seasonal patterns of RA may be more closely related to the plant phenology than soil temperature. The Q10 （the multiplier to the respiration rate for a 10 ℃ increase in soil temperature） values of RS and RH were not affected by elevated CO2 or higher N supply. These results mainly suggested that the i

关键词： autotrophic respiration carbon dynamics heterotrophic respiration N fertilization soil temperature

常规CT征象和直方图参数在肺腺癌不同病理亚型鉴别诊断中的对比研究

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中国CT和MRI杂志 2024年第4期22卷 31-34页

作者：路传文臧汉杰郭浩东李燕汪琼朱建国南京医科大学第二附属医院医学影像科江苏南京210011

目的比较常规CT征象和直方图参数对腺泡型、非腺泡型肺腺癌的鉴别效能的差异。方法回顾性收集在本院手术的185例患者共195个肺结节,其中腺泡型104个,非腺泡型91个。收集患者的人口学资料、肿瘤标记物。采用单因素分析及二元Logistic回... 详细信息

目的比较常规CT征象和直方图参数对腺泡型、非腺泡型肺腺癌的鉴别效能的差异。方法回顾性收集在本院手术的185例患者共195个肺结节,其中腺泡型104个,非腺泡型91个。收集患者的人口学资料、肿瘤标记物。采用单因素分析及二元Logistic回归分析建立常规CT征象模型、直方图(HA)模型及二者联合模型,通过曲线下面积(AUC)比较三种模型对鉴别腺泡型、非腺泡型肺腺癌的鉴别效能。结果单因素分析显示,腺泡型中,纯磨玻璃结节的占比低于非腺泡型(P=0.040);腺泡型中,病灶的CT平均值(P=0.023)、CT中位数数值(P=0.027)、紧凑度(P=0.003)、球形度(P=0.013)、熵(P<0.001)高于非腺泡型,病灶的峰度(P<0.001)、偏度(P<0.001)低于非腺泡型。二元Logistic回归分析以及ROC曲线显示联合模型及HA模型较常规CT征象模型具有更高的鉴别效能(AUC:直方图VS常规CT:0.763 VS 0.550,P<0.001;联合模型VS常规CT:0.768 VS 0.550,P<0.001);联合模型较HA模型无统计学差异(联合模型VS直方图:0.768 VS 0.763,P=0.768)。结论HA参数较常规CT征象能够更有效的鉴别腺泡型和非腺泡型肺腺癌。

关键词：肺腺癌病理亚型计算机体层成像常规特征直方图参数

氮素追施对玉米花后光合特性和子粒灌浆特征的影响

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玉米科学 2024年第2期32卷 135-143页

作者：陈浩源张玉斌朱建国宋慧宁张月明夏可欣王洪预李昕光李秋祝崔金虎吉林大学植物科学学院长春130062 通榆县植保质检站吉林通榆137200

为进一步挖掘东北黑土雨养农业区春玉米增产潜力,为合理施氮提供理论依据,以玉米品种富民985为试验材料进行田间试验。设置5种施氮方式,氮肥1次性施入(CK)、底肥40%+拔节期追施60%(T1)、底肥40%+拔节期追施20%+大喇叭口追施40%(T2)、底... 详细信息

为进一步挖掘东北黑土雨养农业区春玉米增产潜力,为合理施氮提供理论依据,以玉米品种富民985为试验材料进行田间试验。设置5种施氮方式,氮肥1次性施入(CK)、底肥40%+拔节期追施60%(T1)、底肥40%+拔节期追施20%+大喇叭口追施40%(T2)、底肥40%+拔节期追施15%+大喇叭口追施30%+灌浆期追施15%(T3)、底肥40%+拔节期追施10%+大喇叭口追施30%+灌浆期追施20%(T4),研究不同处理玉米花后穗位叶SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性(PEPc)及子粒容重和产量差异,利用Logistic方程拟合玉米灌浆过程。结果表明,T4处理子粒产量显著高于其他处理和对照。与氮肥1次性施入(CK)相比,T4处理玉米灌浆期穗位叶Pn和PEPc显著提高了42.8%和20.6%,玉米有效灌浆期延长13.7 d,到达最大灌浆速率时间延后2.4 d,子粒容重提高1.2%。在东北半湿润雨养农业区,按照底肥40%+拔节期追施10%+大喇叭口追施30%+灌浆期追施20%方式施用氮素(T4)可以获得更多光合产物,延长灌浆时间,增加子粒重量,提高玉米产量。

关键词：玉米氮素追施光合特性灌浆特性