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Multi-spheric interactions driven differential formation and accumulation of hydrocarbon resources in the North Sea Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3397-3420页

作者： Rixiang zhu shuichang zhang Huajian WANG Xiaomei WANG Yuke LIU Wang zhang Fang HAO Zhijun JIN Key Laboratory of Deep petroleum Intelligent exploration and development Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil & Gas Recovery Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development China National Petroleum Corporation State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum (East China) institute of Energy Peking University

The North Sea Basin is the most important oil and gas producing area in Europe and the birthplace of many classic petroleum geological theories. From the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth, this study investigated the riftforeland-rift evolution process of the North Sea Basin, which was controlled by the deep dynamic driving forces of the continental collision orogeny, mantle plume uplift, and intraplate deformation. The North Sea Basin was found to have drifted northward since the Carboniferous and passed through the low-latitude Hadley and the mid-latitude Ferrel cells. Two sets of main hydrocarbon source rocks have formed, the coals and coal measures of the Upper Carboniferous Westphalian and the marine shale of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation. We propose that the deep processes, tectonic activity, and transgression-climate evolution jointly controlled the types and horizons of the source rocks, reservoirs, and seals in different regions of the North Sea Basin. In the southern North Sea Basin, a Carboniferous-Lower Triassic gas-rich petroleum system was formed,which is characterized by transitional coal measure source rocks, desert aeolian sandstone reservoirs, and evaporite cap rocks. In the northern North Sea Basin, an Upper Triassic-Paleogene oil-rich petroleum system was formed, which is characterized by marine graben-type source rocks, deltaic sandstone and marine limestone reservoirs, and marine tight marl and shale cap *** late tectonic burial and uplift in the North Sea Basin further controlled the processes of oil and gas generation and accumulation, ultimately leading to a differential distribution pattern which is oil rich in the northern part and gas rich in the southern part of the basin. In the future, there is an urgent need to re-examine the mechanisms for the petroleum generation and accumulation in large mature exploration areas(e.g., super basins such as the North Sea) and low exploration areas(e.g., the O

关键词： North Sea Basin Multi-spheric interactions petroleum system Okhotsk Sea region

A discussion on gas sources of the Feixianguan Formation H2S-rich giant gas fields in the northeastern Sichuan Basin

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 113-124页

作者： zhang shuichang, zhu guangyou, CHEN JianPing & liang yingbo research institute of petroleum exploration & development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china

In recent years several H2S-rich oolite giant gas pools have been discovered in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan basin, and their explored gas reserves have been over 5000×108 m3. However, gas sources remain unsolved due to multiple source horizons with high maturity in this area and TSR alterations. By integrating analytical data of natural gas samples with conprehensive investigations on many factors, such as oil-gas geology, distribution and evolution of source rocks, charging and adjustment of gas pools, mixture of natural gases and secondery alterations, the present study concluded that the dominant source for the Feixianguan Fr. gas pools is the Permian Longtan Fr. source rock and secondly the Silurian Longmaxi Fr. source rock. Natural gases from the various gas pools differ genetically due to the matching diversity of seal configurations with phases of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion by different source rocks, among which natural gases in Puguang Gasfield are dominated by the trapped gas generated from the Longtan Fr. source rock and commingled with the gas cracked from the Silurian crude oil, while those in Dukouhe, Tieshangpo and Luojiazhai Gasfields are composed mainly of the Silurian oil-cracking gas and commingled with the natural gas derived from the Longtan Fr. source rock.

关键词： Feixianguan Formation gasfield group gas source hydrogen sulfide TSR the Sichuan Basin

Origin and Distribution of Hydrogen Sulfide in Oil-Bearing Basins,china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第6期83卷 1188-1201页

作者： zhu guangyou zhang shuichang liang yingbo research institute of petroleum exploration and development China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery （research institute of petroleum exploration and development） Beijing 100083 China

The concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas （H2S） varies greatly in the oil-bearing basins of china, from zero to 90%. At present, oil and gas reservoirs with high H2S concentration have been discovered in three basins, viz. the Bohai Bay Basin, Sichuan Basin and the Tarim Basin, whereas natural gas with low H2S concentration has been found in the Ordos Basin, the Songliao Basin and the Junggar Basin. Studies suggest that in china H2S origin types are very complex. In the carbonate reservoir of the Sichuan Basin, the Ordos Basin and the Tarim Basin, as well as the carbonatedominated reservoir in the Luojia area of the Jiyang depression in the Bohai Bay Basin, Wumaying areas of the Huanghua depression, and Zhaolanzhuang areas of the Jizhong depression, the H2S is of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction （TSR） origin. The H2S is of Bacterial Sulphate Reduction （BSR） origin deduced from the waterflooding operation in the Changheng Oilfield （placanticline oil fields） in the Songliao Basin. H2S originates from thermal decomposition of sulfur-bearing crude oil in the heavy oil area in the Junggar Basin and in the Liaohe heavy oil steam pilot area in the western depression of the Bohai Bay Basin. The origin types are most complex, including TSR and thermal decomposition of sulfcompounds among other combinations of causes. Various methods have been tried to identify the origin mechanism and to predict the distribution of H2S. The origin identification methods for H2S mainly comprise sulfur and carbon isotopes, reservoir petrology, particular biomarkers, and petroleum geology integrated technologies; using a combination of these applications can allow the accurate identification of the origins of H2S. The prediction technologies for primary and secondary origin of H2S have been set up separately.

关键词： H2S TSR BSR distribution origin mechanism oil-bearing basins

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The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H_2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A1期52卷 150-163页

作者： zhu guangyou zhang shuichang liang yingbo research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

关键词： H2S 碳酸盐岩石控制因子四川盆地

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,china

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 62-76页

作者： zhu guangyou, ZHAO WenZhi, zhang shuichang, liang yingbo & WANG ZhengJun research Center of petroleum Geology, research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.

关键词： marine facies Palaeozoic carbonate rock genetic type gas source carbon isotope hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

The genesis of H_2S in the Weiyuan Gas Field, Sichuan Basin and its evidence

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第10期52卷 1394-1404页

作者： zhu guangyou zhang shuichang liang yingbo LI QiRong research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Shunan Gasfield of petrochina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company Luzhou 646000 China

The Sinian Dengying Formation gas pool in Weiyuan is the oldest large-scale sulfur-bearing gas field in china, which has a H2S content ranging from 0.8% to 1.4%. The Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation gas pool discovered recently above the Dengying Formation contains gas geochemical behaviors similar to those of Dengying Formation but different in sulfur isotopes of H2S. Investigations show that though these two Sinian and Cambrian gas pools are separate ones, they share the same Cambrian source rock. The higher dry coefficient, heavier carbon isotopes, sulfur isotopes of sulfide, lower filling of gas pools, formation water characteristics, reservoir properties and H2S distribution, indicate that H2S in both the Sinian and Cambrian gas pools originates from TSR. The sulfur isotopes of sulfates have shown that H2S was formed in respective pools, namely hydrocarbons charged into the pools reacted with the Dengying Formation and the Xixiangchi Formation gypsum (TSR), respectively, to form H2S. Compared with sulfur isotopes of sulfates in each pool, δ34S values of H2S are 8‰ lighter for the Dengying Formation pool and 12‰ lighter for the Xixiangchi Formation pool, respectively, which is attributed to the difference in temperatures of TSR occurrence. The reservoir temperature of the Xixiangchi Formation pool is about 40℃ lower than that of the Dengying Formation pool. Temperature plays a controlling role in both the sulfur isotopic fractionation and amounts of H2S generation during TSR.

关键词：四川盆地威远气田 H2S 起源 TSR

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A discussion on gas sources of the Feixianguan Formation H_2S-rich giant gas fields in the northeastern Sichuan Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A1期52卷 113-124页

作者： zhang shuichang zhu guangyou CHEN JianPing liang yingbo research institute of petroleum exploration & development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

关键词：天然气场海洋资源气源四川盆地

Isotopic evidence of TSR origin for natural gas bearing high H_2S contents within the Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwestern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1960-1971页

作者： zhu guangyou zhang shuichang liang yingbo DAI Jinxing LI Jian research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The northeastern area of Sichuan Basin, southwestern china, is the area with the maximal reserve of natural gas containing higher hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that has been found among the petroliferous basins of china, with the proven and controlled gas reserve of more than 200 billion cubic meters. These gas pools, with higher H2S contents averaging 9%, some 17%, are mainly distributed on structural belts of Dukouhe, Tieshanpo, Luojiazhai, Puguang, etc., while the oolitic-shoal dolomite of the Triassic Feixianguan Fm. (T1f) is the reservoir. Although many scholars regard the plentiful accumulation of H2S within the deep carbonate reservoir as the re-sult of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR), however, the process of TSR as well as its residual geological and geochemical evidence is still not quite clear. Based on the carbon iso-topic analysis of carbonate strata and secondary calcite, etc., together with the analysis of sulfur isotopes within H2S, sulphur, gypsum, iron pyrites, etc., as well as other aspects including the natural gas composition, carbon isotopes of hydrocarbons reservoir petrology, etc., it has been proved that the above natural gas is a product of TSR. The H2S, sulphur and calcite result from the participation of TSR reactions by hydrocarbon gas. During the process for hydrocarbons be-ing consumed due to TSR, the carbons within the hydrocarbon gas participate in the reactions and finally are transferred into the secondary calcite, and become the carbon source of secon-dary calcite, consequently causing the carbon isotopes of the secondary calcite to be lower (?18.2‰). As for both the intermediate product of TSR, i.e. sulfur, and its final products, i.e. H2S and iron pyrites, their sulfur elements are all sourced from the sulfate within the Feixianguan Fm. During the fractional processes of sulfur isotopes, the bond energy leads to the 32S being re-leased firstly, and the earlier it is released, the lower δ 34S values for the generated sulphide (H2

关键词： hydrogen sulphide, sulfate, sulfur isotope, carbon isotope, thermochemical sulfate reduction, northeasternSichuan Basin

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A novel fracture-cavity reservoir outcrop geological knowledge base construction method considering parameter collection and processing, mutual transformation of data-knowledge, application and update

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2184-2202页

作者： Qi-Qiang Ren Jin-liang Gao Peng zhu Meng-Ping Li Jian-Wei Feng Qiang Jin San zhang institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of Technology petrochina research institute of petroleum exploration and development School of Energy Chengdu University of Technology School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China) School of Geosciences Yangtze University

This study endeavors to formulate a comprehensive methodology for establishing a Geological Knowledge Base(GKB) tailored to fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops within the North Tarim Basin. The acquisition of quantitative geological parameters was accomplished through diverse means such as outcrop observations, thin section studies, unmanned aerial vehicle scanning, and high-resolution cameras. Subsequently, a three-dimensional digital outcrop model was generated, and the parameters were standardized. An assessment of traditional geological knowledge was conducted to delineate the knowledge framework, content, and system of the GKB. The basic parameter knowledge was extracted using multiscale fine characterization techniques, including core statistics, field observations, and microscopic thin section analysis. Key mechanism knowledge was identified by integrating trace elements from filling, isotope geochemical tests, and water-rock simulation experiments. Significant representational knowledge was then extracted by employing various methods such as multiple linear regression, neural network technology, and discriminant classification. Subsequently, an analogy study was performed on the karst fracture-cavity system(KFCS) in both outcrop and underground reservoir settings. The results underscored several key findings:(1) Utilization of a diverse range of techniques,including outcrop observations, core statistics, unmanned aerial vehicle scanning, high-resolution cameras, thin section analysis, and electron scanning imaging, enabled the acquisition and standardization of data. This facilitated effective management and integration of geological parameter data from multiple sources and scales.(2) The GKB for fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops, encompassing basic parameter knowledge, key mechanism knowledge, and significant representational knowledge, provides robust data support and systematic geological insights for the intricate and in-depth examination of the genetic

关键词： Geological knowledge base Karst fracture-cavity system Mutual transformation of data-knowledge Knowledge base content and application Tarim basin