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Experimental demonstration of separating the wave-particle duality of a single photon with the quantum Cheshire cat

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第1期12卷 128-135页

作者： jia-Kun Li Kai Sun Yan Wang ze-Yan hao Zheng-hao liu Jie zhou Xing-Yan Fan Jing-Ling Chen Jin-Shi Xu Chuan-feng Li Guang-Can guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China230026 HefeiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China230026 HefeiChina Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China230088 HefeiChina Theoretical Physics Division Chern Institute of MathematicsNankai University300071 TianjinChina

As a fundamental characteristic of physical entities,wave-particle duality describes whether a microscopic entity exhibits wave or particle attributes depending on the specific experimental *** assumption is premised on the notion that physical properties are inseparable from the objective ***,after the concept of the quantum Cheshire cats was proposed,which makes the separation of physical attributes from the entity possible,the premise no longer ***,an experimental demonstration of the separation of the wave and particle attributes inspired by this scenario remains *** this work,we experimentally separated the wave and particle attributes of a single photon by exploiting the quantum Cheshire cat concept for the first *** applying a weak disturbance to the evolution of the system,we achieve an effect similar to the quantum Cheshire cat and demonstrated the separation of the wave and particle attributes via the extraction of weak *** work provides a new perspective for the in-depth understanding of wave-particle duality and promotes the application of weak measurements in fundamentals of quantum mechanics.

关键词： quantum duality particle

Optical demonstration of quantum fault-tolerant threshold

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第8期11卷 1834-1842页

作者： Kai Sun ze-Yan hao Yan Wang jia-Kun Li Xiao-Ye Xu Jin-Shi Xu yong-jian Han Chuan-feng Li Guang-Can guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230088China

A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable to the output of a higher probability of correct logical qubits under the presence of errors. However, strict requirements to encode qubits and operators render the implementation of a full fault-tolerant computation challenging even for the achievable noisy intermediate-scale quantum technology. Especially the threshold for fault-tolerant computation still lacks experimental verification. Here, based on an all-optical setup, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of the threshold for the fault-tolerant protocol. Four physical qubits are represented as the spatial modes of two entangled photons, which are used to encode two logical qubits. The experimental results clearly show that when the error rate is below the threshold, the probability of correct output in the circuit, formed with fault-tolerant gates, is higher than that in the corresponding non-encoded circuit. In contrast, when the error rate is above the threshold, no advantage is observed in the fault-tolerant implementation. The developed high-accuracy optical system may provide a reliable platform to investigate error propagation in more complex circuits with fault-tolerant gates.

关键词： quantum error operators

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基于多元统计方法的河流水质空间分析

水科学进展 2007年第4期18卷 544-551页

作者：周丰郭怀成黄凯郁亚娟郝泽嘉北京大学环境学院北京100871

基于聚类分析和判别分析探讨了河流水质空间分析方法,旨在识别采样点的空间相似性与差异性,从而为水质监测网络优化提供支持。该方法首先利用kurtosis和Skewness检验数据分布特征和进行数据对数转化与标准化处理;然后利用聚类分析进行... 详细信息

基于聚类分析和判别分析探讨了河流水质空间分析方法,旨在识别采样点的空间相似性与差异性,从而为水质监测网络优化提供支持。该方法首先利用kurtosis和Skewness检验数据分布特征和进行数据对数转化与标准化处理;然后利用聚类分析进行空间相似性分析,确定空间尺度分类情况;最后利用判别分析识别显著性污染指标,以此反映上述空间尺度分类的差异性。以香港后海湾水质管制区为例,结果表明:①通过对数转化显著改善数据分布特征,使绝大部分污染指标呈正态或接近正态分布;②该区域采样点在个案链锁距离与最大链锁距离之比(Dlink/Dmax)×100<35处明显分为3类,它们分别代表轻度、中度、重度污染3种类型,且后两者属于采样点主要属于营养盐和重金属污染类型,需要控制其生活污水、畜牧污染、工业污染和地表径流污染;③后退式判别分析具有良好的指标降维能力,仅需7个显著性污染指标(pH,NH3-N,NO3-N,***,Fe,Ni和Zn)可以反映整体水质的空间差异性,且具有90.65%的正确判别能力;④归纳起来,从3类采样点中选择一个或多个、监测7个显著性污染指标即可全面反映后海湾水质管制区的水质空间特征,实现水质监测网络优化。

关键词：水质空间多元分析聚类分析判别分析香港

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香港海域表层沉积物重金属空间分析

环境科学研究 2008年第6期21卷 110-117页

作者：郝泽嘉周丰郭怀成北京大学环境科学与工程学院北京100871 中国科学院研究生院北京100049 中国科学院地理科学与自然资源研究所资源科学研究中心北京100101

利用多元统计方法和空间内插值方法分析香港海域表层沉积物重金属的空间分布特征,为优化香港沉积物重金属监测网络和控制香港地区重金属污染提供支持.结果表明:①香港海域表层沉积物采样点在Dlink/Dmax<0.36处明显分为3类,大致可分别代... 详细信息

利用多元统计方法和空间内插值方法分析香港海域表层沉积物重金属的空间分布特征,为优化香港沉积物重金属监测网络和控制香港地区重金属污染提供支持.结果表明:①香港海域表层沉积物采样点在Dlink/Dmax<0.36处明显分为3类,大致可分别代表轻度、中度、重度污染3种类型;②后退式判别分析具有良好的指标降维能力,仅需6个显著性重金属指标(Zn,Pb,Cu,Cd,Fe和V)即可反映整个区域重金属空间分布差异性,且具有84.50%的正确判别率;③基于GIS的反距离权重法(IDW)得到的显著性重金属指标的空间连续分布显示,V和Fe为B组采样点区域的特征元素,Zn,Pb,Cu和Cd在易受人类活动影响地区富集;④显著性指标富集因子的区域多项式内插模拟(LPI)显示,人类活动对Zn,Pb,Cu和Cd分布的强烈影响,形成以长洲(SS7)、维多利亚湾、吐露港和后海湾为热点逐渐扩散的分布模式.

关键词：重金属沉积物香港空间分布

Blood exosomal micro ribonucleic acid profiling reveals the complexity of hepatocellular carcinoma and identifies potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2020年第10期12卷 1195-1208页

作者： Lang-Qing Sheng jia-Rong Li hao Qin Ling liu Da-Dong Zhang Qi Zhang Meng-Li Huang Xiao-Li Li Xiao-Ya Xu Yang-Nian Wei Zi-Shuo Chen Hui Luo Ji-Yang Zhang cheng-Hui zhou hao Chen ze-guo Chen Fu-Gen Li Nian-feng Li Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008Hunan ProvinceChina Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine 3D Medicines Inc.Shanghai 201114Hunan ProvinceChina The Medical Department 3D Medicines Inc.Shanghai 201114China

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide,but there is a shortage of effective biomarkers for its *** To explore blood exosomal micro ribonucleic acids(miRNAs)as potential biomarkers for HCC *** The principal component analysis suggested that daily alcohol consumption could alter the blood exosomal miRNA profiles of hepatitis B virus positive non-HCC patients through miR-3168 and *** miRNA profiles also revealed the tumor stages of HCC *** expression of miR-455-5p and miR-30c-5p,which significantly correlated with better overall survival in tumor tissues,could also be detected in blood *** pairs of miRNAs(miR-584-5p/miR-106-3p and miR-628-3p/miR-941)showed a 94.1%sensitivity and 68.4%specificity to differentiate HCC patients from non-HCC *** specificity of the combination was substantially influenced by alcohol consumption *** This study suggested that blood exosomal miRNAs can be used as new noninvasive diagnostic tools for ***,their accuracy could be affected by tumor stage and alcohol consumption habits.

关键词： Blood exosomal micro ribonucleic acids Biomarker Differential diagnosis Alcohol consumption habit Hepatocellular carcinoma Bioinformatics

Elaiophylin triggers paraptosis and preferentially kills ovarian cancer drug-resistant cells by inducing MAPK hyperactivation

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第10期7卷 3925-3939页

作者： Guan-Nan Li Xue-jiao Zhao Zhen Wang Meng-Shi Luo Shen-Nan Shi Dan-Mei Yan Hua-Yi Li jia-hao liu Yang Yang jia-Hong Tan ze-Yu Zhang Ru-Qi Chen Hui-Ling Lai Xiao-Yuan Huang jian-feng zhou Ding Ma yong Fang Qing-Lei Gao Cancer Biology Research Center(Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education) Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030 WuhanHubeiChina National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030 WuhanHubeiChina Department of Hematology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030 WuhanHubeiChina Department of Gynecology the Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-Sen University510000 GuangzhouGuangdongChina

Finely tuned mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling is important for cancer cell *** that push cells out of the MAPK fitness zone result in cell ***,in a screen of the North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation’s pure compound library of microbial origin,we identified elaiophylin as an autophagy ***,we demonstrated a new role for elaiophylin in inducing excessive endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,ER-derived cytoplasmic vacuolization,and consequent paraptosis by hyperactivating the MAPK pathway in multiple cancer ***-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library screening identified SHP2,an upstream intermediary of the MAPK pathway,as a critical target in elaiophylin-induced *** cellular thermal shift assay(CETSA)and surface plasmon resonance(SPR)assay further confirmed the direct binding between the SHP2 and *** of the SHP2/SOS1/MAPK pathway through SHP2 knockdown or pharmacological inhibitors distinctly attenuated elaiophylin-induced paraptosis and autophagy ***,elaiophylin markedly increased the alreadyelevated MAPK levels and preferentially killed drug-resistant cells with enhanced basal MAPK *** overcame drug resistance by triggering paraptosis in multiple tumor-bearing mouse models resistant to platinum,taxane,or PARPi,suggesting that elaiophylin might offer a reasonable therapeutic strategy for refractory ovarian cancer.

关键词： cancer activation elevated

Relief of abdominal pain by morphine without altering physical signs in acute appendicitis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第2期123卷 142-145页

作者： YUAN yong CHEN jia-yong guo hao ZHANG Yi LIANG Dao-ming zhou Dong Zhao Hui LIN feng Department of Emergency the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College Kunming Yunnan 650101 China Department of Cardiology the Gan Mei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College Kunming Yunnan 650011 China

Background Abdominal pain is a common symptom among patients with acute appendicitis, yet these patients have long been denied relief from suffering because of widespread misconceptions associated with the use of opioids. We determined whether morphine hydrochloride masked the physical signs in adults with acute appendicitis and assessed the efficacy of morphine in relieving abdominal pain. Methods A prospective, double-blind, placebo controlled, clinical trial was conducted with 106 adult patients between 16 and 70 years old with acute appendicitis. Patients were randomly divided into a morphine group （n=-54） or a normal saline group （n=52）. All patients presented with acute abdominal pain with onset within 3 days. The morphine group received hypodermic injection of morphine （0.15 mg/kg; maximum 20 mg） and the control group members were given an equivalent volume of normal saline solution. The clinical symptoms, physical signs, and patients＇ cooperation during physical examination were assessed before and after 30 minutes of morphine or normal saline administration. Results Abdominal pain was significantly relieved and the patients＇ cooperation was improved in the morphine group after 30 minutes treatment compared with the control group and before morphine administration （P 〈0.05）. The physical signs were unaffected by either treatment （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions Morphine relieved abdominal pain and improved the patients＇ cooperation for treatment and care. Furthermore, the morphine did not mask the physical signs of acute appendicitis.

关键词： morphine hydrochloride acute appendicitis," abdominal pain," physical signs

In-beam gamma rays of CSNS Back-n characterized by black resonance filter

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第10期35卷 149-160页

作者： Jin-cheng Wang Jie Ren Wei jiang Xi-Chao Ruan Ying-Yi liu hao-Lan Yang Kuo-Zhi Xu Xin-Yi Pan Qi Sun Jie Bao Han-Xiong Huang hao-Fan Bai jiang-Bo Bai Ping Cao Qi-Ping Chen yong-hao Chen Wen-hao Duan An-Chuan Fan Rui-Rui Fan Chang-Qing feng Min-hao Gu Chang-Cai Han Zi-Jie Han guo-Zhu He yong-cheng He Yang Hong Yi-Wei Hu Zhi-Jie jiang Ling Kang Chang-Lin Lan Bo Li feng Li Qiang Li Xiao Li Yang Li Jie liu Rong liu Shu-Bin liu Yi-Na liu Guang-Yuan Luan Chang-Jun Ning Yi-jia Qiu Wen-Kai Ren Zhi-zhou Ren Zhao-Hui Song Kang Sun Zhi-Xin Tan Jing-Yu Tang Sheng-Da Tang Li-jiao Wang Peng-cheng Wang Zhao-Hui Wang Zhong-Wei Wen Xiao-Guang Wu Xuan Wu ze-Peng Wu Cong Xia Li-Kun Xie Han Yi Tao Yu yong-Ji Yu guo-Hui Zhang Hang-Chang Zhang Qi-Wei Zhang Xian-Peng Zhang Yu-Liang Zhang Zhi-yong Zhang Mao-Yuan Zhao Zhi-hao zhou Ke-Jun Zhu Chong Zou Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China USTC Archaeometry Lab University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Advanced Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

The back-streaming white-neutron beamline(Back-n)of the China Spallation Neutron Source is an essential neutronresearch platform built for the study of nuclear data,neutron physics,and neutron *** types of cross-sectional neutron-reaction measurements have been performed at Back-n since early *** measurements have shown that a significant number of gamma rays can be transmitted to the experimental stations of Back-n along with the neutron *** gamma rays,commonly referred to as in-beam gamma rays,can induce a non-negligible experimental background in neutron-reaction *** the characteristics of in-beam gamma rays is important for understanding the experimental ***,measuring in-beam gamma rays is challenging because most gamma-ray detectors are sensitive to neutrons;thus,discriminating between neutron-induced signals and those from in-beam gamma rays is *** this study,we propose the use of the black resonance filter method and a CeBr_(3) scintillation detector to measure the characteristics of the in-beam gamma rays of *** types of black resonance filters,^(181)Ta,^(59)Co,^(nat)Ag,and^(nat)Cd,were used in this *** time-of-flight(TOF)technique was used to select the detector signals remaining in the absorption region of the TOF spectra,which were mainly induced by in-beam gamma *** energy distribution and flux of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n were determined by analyzing the deposited energy spectra of the CeBr_(3) scintillation detector and using Monte Carlo *** on the results of this study,the background contributions from in-beam gamma rays in neutron-reaction measurements at Back-n can be reasonably evaluated,which is beneficial for enhancing both the experimental methodology and data analysis.

关键词： In-beam gamma rays Back-n CeBr_(3)scintillator Black filter resonance technique

A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 672-681页

作者： Shang Yu Wei liu Si-Jing Tao Zhi-Peng Li Yi-Tao Wang Zhi-Peng Zhong Raj BPatel Yu Meng Yuan-ze Yang Zhao-An Wang Nai-Jie guo Xiao-Dong zeng Zhe Chen Liang Xu Ning Zhang Xiao liu Mu Yang Wen-hao Zhang Zong-Quan zhou Jin-Shi Xu jian-Shun Tang yong-jian Han Chuan-feng Li Guang-Can guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China. CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China. Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China. Research Center for Quantum Sensing Zhejiang LabHangzhou 310000China. Quantum Optics and Laser Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonPrince Consort RdLondon SW72AZUK. Clarendon Laboratory Department of PhysicsOxford UniversityParks Road OX13PUOxfordUK

Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique *** decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn,various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed,and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been *** is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world ***,at current technology level,this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors,for which the resource cost is also a *** we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table,which is capable of multimode-universal programmability,resource-efficiency,phasestability and *** order to illustrate these merits,we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor,to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects:the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space(13 modes),and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before(26 modes).The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable *** current state-of-the-art,our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.

关键词： quantum signature chaos