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Optimal Timing of Business Conversion for Solvency Improvement

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第3期40卷 744-757页

作者： Peng LI ming zhou School of Finance Nanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjing 210023China Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

In this paper,we study the optimal timing to convert the risk of business for an insurance company in order to improve its solvency.The cash flow of company evolves according to a jump-diffusion process.Business conversion option offers the company an opportunity to transfer the jump risk business out.In exchange for this option,the company needs to pay both fixed and proportional transaction costs.The proportional cost can also be seen as the profit loading of the jump risk business.We formulated this problem as an optimal stopping problem.By solving this stopping problem,we find that the optimal timing of business conversion mainly depends on the profit loading of the jump risk business.A larger profit loading would make the conversion option valueless.The fixed cost,however,only delays the optimal timing of business conversion.In the end,numerical results are provided to illustrate the impacts of transaction costs and environmental parameters to the optimal strategies.

关键词： optimal stopping jump-diffusion process conversion option

Astrocyte syncytium:from neonatal genesis to aging degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 395-396页

作者： Min zhou Shiying zhong Alexei Verkhratsky Department of Neuroscience Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Achücarro Basque Center for Neuroscience IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain Department of Neurosciences University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNEDLeioaSpain

Modern neuroscience began from all reaching and fierce conflict between“neuronismo and reticulismo”——between neuronal and reticular theories of the organization of the nervous system;the conflict culminated in December of 1906 in Stockholm where Santiago Ramon y Cajal(the proponent of the neuronal doctrine)and Camillo Golgi(who advocated the syncytial reticular organization of neural networks)delivered their Noble prize lectures(Verkhratsky,2009).

关键词： degeneration neonatal aging

Evaluating the influence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 863-880页

作者： Gui-ming Deng Hai-Bin Song zhong-Ze Du Ying-Wei Xue Hong-Jiang Song Yuan-zhou Li Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin 150081Heilongjiang ProvinceChina Department of Radiology Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin 150081Heilongjiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The development and progression of gastric cancer(GC)are closely linked to the nutritional status of patients.Although immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be clinically effective,the relationships of sarcopenia and myosteatosis with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in patients with gastric cancer remain to be characterized.METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients who were undergoing immuno-therapy for GC.For the evaluation of sarcopenia,the optimal cut-off value for the skeletal muscle index was established using receiver operating characteristic analysis of data obtained from pre-treatment computed tomography images at the L3 vertebral level.Myosteatosis was defined using the mean skeletal muscle density(SMD),with a threshold value of<41 Hounsfield units(HU)for patients with a body mass index(BMI)<25 kg/m^(2)and<33 HU for those with a BMI≥25 kg/m^(2).The log-rank test was used to compare progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS),and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify prognostic factors.Nomograms were developed to predict the PFS and OS of patients on the basis of the results of multivariate analyses.RESULTS We studied 115 patients who were undergoing ICI therapy for GC,of whom 27.4%had sarcopenia and 29.8%had myosteatosis.Patients with sarcopenia or myosteatosis had significantly shorter PFS and OS than those without these conditions.Furthermore,both sarcopenia and myosteatosis were found to be independent predictors of PFS and OS in patients with GC administering an ICI.The prediction models created for PFS and OS were associated with C-indexes of 0.758 and 0.781,respectively.CONCLUSION The presence of sarcopenia or myosteatosis is a reliable predictor of the clinical outcomes of patients with GC who are undergoing treatment with an ICI.

关键词： Gastric cancer Sarcopenia Myosteatosis,Immune checkpoint inhibitor Prognostic factor Overall survival Progression-free survival

Three cancers in the renal pelvis,bladder,and colon:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第2期12卷 392-398页

作者： Jing Chen Hua-Yan Huang Hui-Chun zhou Lin-Xiao Liu Chuang-Fan Kong Quan zhou Jian-ming Fei Yuan-ming Zhu Hu Liu Ye-Chen Tang Cheng-zhong zhou Department of General Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pathology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Medical Imaging The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 31400Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Multiple primary cancers are rare occurrences that can involve either metachronous or synchronous development.It is particularly rare for an individual to have more than two primary cancers.In this report,we present a case study of an elderly man who was diagnosed with three heterochronous cancers in the renal pelvis,bladder,and colon.CASE SUMMARY On December 30,2014,a 51-year-old Chinese man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of intermittent painless gross hematuria for the preceding week.A computed tomography(CT)scan revealed wall thickening in the left ureter’s upper segment,while a CT urography revealed a left renal pelvis tumor.A successful laparoscopic radical resection of the left renal pelvis tumor was subsequently performed at Shanghai zhongshan Hospital in January 2015.The pathological findings after the surgery revealed a low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis.The final pathological tumor stage was pT1N0M0.After surgery,this patient received 6 cycles of intravenous chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin,as well as bladder infusion therapy with gemcitabine.On December 18,2017,the patient was admitted once again to our hospital with a one-day history of painless gross hematuria.A CT scan showed the presence of a space-occupying lesion on the posterior wall of bladder.Cystoscopic examination revealed multiple tumors in the bladder and right cutaneous ureterostomy was performed under general anesthesia on December 29,2017.The postoperative pathological findings disclosed multifocal papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder(maximum size 3.7 cm×2.6 cm).The bladder cancer was considered a metastasis of the renal pelvis cancer after surgery.The pathological tumor stage was pT1N0M1.The patient refused chemotherapy after surgery.After another six years,the patient returned on February 28,2023,complaining of periumbilical pain that had lasted six days.This time,a CT scan of the abdomen showed a tumor in the ascending colon,but a subsequent colonoscopy examinat

关键词： Metachronous primary carcinoma Renal pelvis carcinoma Bladder carcinoma Colon carcinoma Case report

Investigation on UV-curing Reprocessable Thermosets Bearing Hindered Urea Bonds and Their Composites with Modified Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 751-765页

作者： Jun-Hao zhou Li-ming Tang Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

In this study,a series of hindered urea bond(HUB)containing polyurethane-urea methacrylate prepolymers and a none HUB containing polyurethane methacrylate prepolymer were prepared using isobornyl methacrylate as the reactive diluent via one-pot procedure.The prepolymers were characterized fully by various techniques.Then,their thermosets were fabricated via UV curing in presence of a photo initiator,and their mechanical property and thermal behavior were investigated and compared.Different from the none HUB containing thermoset,the HUB containing thermosets(defined as PUT)could be recycled and reprocessed by hot press under relatively mild conditions with high recovery ratio of mechanical property.Furthermore,zinc oxide(ZnO)nanoparticles were modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate and the modified ZnO(defined as ZnO-TPM)was dispersed and polymerized into PUT matrix to prepare their nanocomposites.The influence of ZnO-TPM on the mechanical performance of the composites was evaluated,which indicated that the Young’s modulus and tensile strength increased gradually to the maximum values at ZnO-TPM content of 1 wt%and then decreased.The composites also displayed good reprocessability with improved recovery ratio compared to the pure PUT sample.In addition,the composite materials exhibited strong UV absorption capacity,implying their potential application in the circumstance where UV-shielding was required.

关键词： Polyurethane-urea methacrylate Hindered urea bond ZnO nanoparticles Reprocessing UV curing

PINK1 is involved in determining the cellular autophagic hierarchy

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1087-1088页

作者： Zhuchen zhou zhong Chen Yanrong Zheng Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 311402China

The protein PINK1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of the cellular autophagic hierarchy.Autophagy,a highly conserved biological process,serves as a mechanism for the degradation of intracellular components by lysosomes.Autophagosomes play a pivotal role in this process by selectively sequestering specific targets,including damaged organelles,protein aggregates,and pathogens.

关键词： PINK1 determining hierarchy

A Joint Activity and Data Detection Scheme for Asynchronous Grant-Free Rateless Multiple Access

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China Communications 2024年第1期21卷 34-52页

作者： Wei Zhang Xiaofeng zhong Shidong zhou Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This paper considers the frameasynchronous grant-free rateless multiple access(FAGF-RMA)scenario,where users can initiate access at any symbol time,using shared channel resources to transmit data to the base station.Rateless coding is introduced to enhance the reliability of the system.Previous literature has shown that FA-GFRMA can achieve lower access delay than framesynchronous grant-free rateless multiple access(FSGF-RMA),with extreme reliability enabled by rateless coding.To support FA-GF-RMA in more practical scenarios,a joint activity and data detection(JADD)scheme is proposed.Exploiting the feature of sporadic traffic,approximate message passing(AMP)is exploited for transmission signal matrix estimation.Then,to determine the packet start points,a maximum posterior probability(MAP)estimation problem is solved based on the recovered transmitted signals,leveraging the intrinsic power pattern in the codeword.An iterative power-pattern-aided AMP algorithm is devised to enhance the estimation performance of AMP.Simulation results verify that the proposed solution achieves a delay performance that is comparable to the performance limit of FA-GF-RMA.

关键词： asynchronous grant-free JADD rateless codes

Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine as adjunctive therapy in sepsis patients with bloodstream infection:a propensity-matched analysis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期44卷 197-204页

作者： zhou Xianshi zhong Minlin XI Xiaotu LI Jun TANG Guanghua the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510120China Emergency Department Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM Guangzhou 510120China Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases Guangzhou 510120China Administration Department the First Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510405China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine in treating sepsis patients with bloodstream infection.METHODS:A 6-year retrospective study was carried out at a university hospital in China.Adult sepsis patients with bloodstream infection were included.The primary outcome was 28-day mortality after admission.Propensity score method was used to adjust for possible confounding.28-day mortality was estimated by KaplanMeier analysis and compared using the log-rank test.Cox regression analysis was carried out to identify factors impacting in-hospital mortality outcomes.RESULTS:Following the application of the propensity score method,a total of 176 patients were included.The all-cause 28-day mortality in the control group and Chinese herbal medicine group was 21.6%and 14.8%,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that Chinese herbal medicine was associated with a lower hazard ratio(HR)in all-cause 28-day death compared with the control group[HR=0.44,95%CI(0.22,0.90),P0.05).Blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herb administration was associated with reduced inhospital mortality among sepsis patients with bloodstream infection[HR=0.54,95%CI(0.34,0.94),P<0.05].CONCLUSIONS:Chinese herbal medicine,especially the blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herb,might have certain efficacy and safety in treating sepsis patients with bloodstream infection.Clinicians should prescribe blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herb in treating these two coalescent critical diseases as long as no contraindications exist.However,further studies are needed to validate our results.

关键词： bacteremia medicine Chinese traditional herbal medicine sepsis propensity-matched analysis

Ferrite features in simulated transition zone of EH36 shipbuilding steel submerged arc welded by CaF_(2)-SiO_(2)-MnO fluxes

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第4期31卷 790-796页

作者： ming zhong Dong Hu Da-ming Guo Somnath Basu Cong Wang Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076MaharashtraIndia

Ferrite features in the simulated transition zone welded with CaF_(2)-SiO_(2)-MnO fluxes containing various MnO contents have been investigated.Confocal laser scanning microscopy has been applied to simulate the thermal cycling of the transition zone and the phase transformations during cooling have been in-situ observed.It has been found that the appearance temperature for ferrite side plate decreases with increasing Mn content in the weld metals caused by MnO content increasing.Meanwhile,growth rates for both ferrite side plate and acicular ferrite are significantly enhanced with a higher Mn content of weld metal.Furthermore,from the statistical fractions of salient microstructures,for all samples,the acicular ferrite,grain boundary ferrite,and polygonal ferrite take over more than 90%.It has also been demonstrated that with the increase in Mn content,the ferrite side plate fraction increases slightly from 5%to 10%and the acicular ferrite fraction shows a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing,which experiences the maximum with the flux containing 30 wt.%MnO.This phenomenon is believed to be controlled by the O and Mn contents in weld metals synergistically.

关键词： Submerged arc welding Transition zone Phase transformation Microstructure