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Recent advances in cancer-associated fibroblast:Biomarkers,signaling pathways,and therapeutic opportunities

Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 638-650页

作者： Donger zhou lei Zheng Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310009China Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center for Clinical Research and Careand The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA

Anti-cancer therapies usually focus on tumor cells,but non-tumor stromal components in the tumor microenvironment also play vital roles in tumor initiation and progression,which may be the prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets.Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)are the essential component in the tumor environment,exhibiting high heterogeneity in their cell origin and phenotype with diverse functions that influence tumor angiogenesis,immune systems,and metabolism.Single-cell RNA sequencing and genetically engineered mouse models have increased our understanding of CAF diversity,and many subtypes have been defined.However,the precise functions of these subtypes need to be studied and validated.Studies of signaling pathways and epigenetic changes in CAFs facilitate understanding of the phenotypes of CAFs and the crosstalk between tumor cells and CAFs to provide potential therapeutic targets.Some clinical trials,including phase III trials targeting CAFs,have been performed recently.However,few of these trials have generated promising results,which indicates that the complexity of CAFs in the tumor microenvironment remains largely unknown,and in-depth investigations of CAFs should be performed.This review summarizes the research on CAFs,focusing on the heterogeneity of their phenotypes and functions,specific signaling pathways,and the therapeutic strategies involving CAFs.Additionally,we briefly discuss the current technologies commonly used in CAF studies and describe the challenges and future perspectives of CAF research.

关键词： Cancer-associated fibroblasts Tumor microenvironment Anti-cancer therapy Targeted therapy

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关注蛋白组学和代谢组学在糖尿病视网膜病变中的临床应用转化研究

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中华实验眼科杂志 2022年第9期40卷 791-795页

作者：张慧李筱荣 ZHOU Lei 天津医科大学眼科医院天津医科大学眼视光学院天津医科大学眼科研究所国家眼耳鼻喉疾病临床医学研究中心天津市分中心天津市视网膜功能与疾病重点实验室天津300384 Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore 999002

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病的多种并发症之一,是世界范围内主要的致盲眼病,早期发现和早期干预可以减少致盲性DR的发生。近年来随着高通量组学技术的发展,蛋白组学和代谢组学在DR的早期诊断、发病机制研究以及治疗靶点探索等方面展... 详细信息

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病的多种并发症之一,是世界范围内主要的致盲眼病,早期发现和早期干预可以减少致盲性DR的发生。近年来随着高通量组学技术的发展,蛋白组学和代谢组学在DR的早期诊断、发病机制研究以及治疗靶点探索等方面展现出强大的应用价值。传统生物标志物如糖尿病病程和糖化血红蛋白等具有较高的预测DR进展的能力,但临床上仍然缺乏能够体现DR病理机制的独立预测因子。人工智能和机器算法等技术推动了蛋白组学和代谢组学对DR新型生物标志物的探索,使得新型生物标志物更加无创,稳健和敏感。在临床实践中,对预后存在差异的患者进行蛋白质和代谢物的检测,可以帮助临床医生从蛋白组学和代谢组学角度理解患者的异质性,推动了DR精准医疗的开展。本文对蛋白组学和代谢组学在DR的新型生物标志物筛选、发病机制探索和精准医疗等方面采取的技术和策略进行阐述以期进一步推动这个领域的临床应用转化研究。

关键词：糖尿病视网膜病变蛋白组学代谢组学生物标志物精准医疗

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Tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific simulated by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第5期41卷 64-77页

作者： Cong Gao lei zhou School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519082China

Threatening millions of people and causing billions of dollars in losses,tropical cyclones(TCs)are among the most severe natural hazards in the world,especially over the western North Pacific.However,the response of TCs to a warming or changing climate has been the subject of considerable research,often with conflicting results.In this study,the abilities of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP)Phase 6(CMIP6)models to simulate TC genesis are assessed through historical simulations.The results indicate that a systematic humidity bias persists in most CMIP6 models from corresponding CMIP Phase 5 models,which leads to an overestimation of climatological TC genesis.However,the annual cycle of TC genesis is well captured by CMIP6 models.The abilities of 25 models to simulate the geographical patterns of TC genesis vary significantly.In addition,seven models are identified as well simulated models,but seven models are identified as poorly simulated ones.A comparison of the environmental variables for TC genesis in the well-simulated group and the poorly simulated group identifies moisture in the mid-troposphere as a key factor in the realistic simulation of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)impacts on TC genesis.In contrast with the observations,the poorly simulated group does not reproduce the suppressing effect of negative moisture anomalies on TC genesis in the northwestern region(20°–30°N,120°–145°E)during El Niño years.Given the interaction between TC and ENSO,these results provide a guidance for future TC projections under climate change by CMIP6 models.

关键词： CMIP6 tropical cyclone genesis potential index relative humidity

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Polynomial Entropy of Amenable Group Actions for Noncompact Sets

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2023年第7期39卷 1351-1368页

作者： lei LIU Xiao Yao zhou School of Mathematics and Statistics Shangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiu 476000China School of Mathematical Sciences and Institute of Mathematics Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

In this paper, we define and study polynomial entropy on an arbitrary subset and local measure theoretic polynomial entropy for any Borel probability measure on a compact metric space,and investigate the relation between local measure-theoretic polynomial entropy of Borel probability measures and polynomial entropy on an arbitrary subset. Also, we establish a variational principle for polynomial entropy on compact subsets in the context of amenable group actions.

关键词： Bowen polynomial entropy local measure-theoretic polynomial entropy variational principle amenable group

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Quantum transport in topological semimetals under magnetic fields (III)

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Frontiers of physics 2023年第2期18卷 63-87页

作者： lei Shi Hai-zhou Lu Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Shenzhen 518055China

We review our most recent research on quantum transport,organizing the review according to the intensity of the magnetic field and focus mostly on topological semimetals and topological insulators.We first describe the phenomenon of quantum transport when a magnetic field is not present.We introduce the nonlinear Hall effect and its theoretical descriptions.Then,we discuss Coulomb instabilities in 3D higher-order topological insulators.Next,we pay close attention to the surface states and find a function to identify the axion insulator in the antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4.Under weak magnetic fields,we focus on the decaying Majorana oscillations which has the correlation with spin−orbit coupling.In the section on strong magnetic fields,we study the helical edge states and the one-sided hinge states of the Fermi-arc mechanism,which are relevant to the quantum Hall effect.Under extremely large magnetic fields,we derive a theoretical explanation of the negative magnetoresistance without a chiral anomaly.Then,we show how magnetic responses can be used to detect relativistic quasiparticles.Additionally,we introduce the 3D quantum Hall effect’s charge-density wave mechanism and compare it with the theory of 3D transitions between metal and insulator driven by magnetic fields.

关键词： topological semimetal topological insulator axion insulator nonlinear Hall effect(NHE) quantum oscillation quantum Hall effect(QHE) charge density wave(CDW)

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Lipidomic investigation of the protective effects of Polygonum perfoliatum against chemical liver injury in mice

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第3期21卷 289-301页

作者： lei Peng Hua-guo Chen Xin zhou Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001Guizhou ProvinceChina Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001Guizhou ProvinceChina Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001Guizhou ProvinceChina

Objective:Recent investigations have demonstrated that Polygonum perfoliatum L.can protect against chemical liver injury,but the mechanism behind its efficacy is still unclear.Therefore,we studied the pharmacological mechanism at work in P.perfoliatum protection against chemical liver injury.Methods:To evaluate the activity of P.perfoliatum against chemical liver injury,levels of alanine transaminase,lactic dehydrogenase,aspartate transaminase,superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured,alongside histological assessments of the liver,heart and kidney tissue.A nontargeted lipidomics strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupoleorbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method was used to obtain the lipid profiles of mice with chemical liver injury and following treatment with P.perfoliatum;these profiles were used to understand the possible mechanisms behind P.perfoliatum's protective activity.Results:Lipidomic studies indicated that P.perfoliatum protected against chemical liver injury,and the results were consistent between histological and physiological analyses.By comparing the profiles of liver lipids in model and control mice,we found that the levels of 89 lipids were significantly changed.In animals receiving P.perfoliatum treatment,the levels of 8 lipids were significantly improved,relative to the model animals.The results showed that P.perfoliatum extract could effectively reverse the chemical liver injury and significantly improve the abnormal liver lipid metabolism of mice with chemical liver injury,especially glycerophospholipid metabolism.Conclusion:Regulation of enzyme activity related to the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway may be involved in the mechanism of P.perfoliatum's protection against liver injury.

关键词： Lipidomics Polygonum perfoliatum L. Liver injury Mice Herbal medicine

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Hydrogenation of CO_(2) to formate catalyzed by SBA-15-supported cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene-iridium

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第10期50卷 283-291页

作者： lei zhou Lingling Peng Xingbang Hu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou Polytechnic InstituteYangzhou 225127China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Recently,cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbenes(CAACs)have been widely used as ligands to enhance the catalytic reactivity of center metal,but the problem of recycling this expensive ligand remains to be solved.In this work,the heterogeneous SBA-15-CAAC-Ir catalyst was prepared by a covalent attachment method.and using SBA-15 as the carrier.It shows high reactivity for the hydrogenation of CO_(2) to formate.After immobilization,the ordered mesoporous structure and the overall rod-like morphology of the original SBA-15 have been preserved very well.Using SBA-15-CAAC-Ir as catalyst,up to 21050 TON can be obtained at 60℃.In addition,the catalyst can be separated easily by centrifugation,and the catalytic activity of SBA-15-CAAC-Ir can still remain very high after multiple cycles.

关键词： Cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbenes Carbon dioxide Hydrogenation SBA-15 Formate

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Electrochemical Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluorides with Triethylamine Hydrofluoride

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第14期40卷 1687-1692页

作者： lei Zhang Xu Cheng Qi-Lin zhou State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Jjiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demon-stration Center for Experimental Chemistry EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingJjiangsu 210023China

Hydrofluoride is an industry-preferred fluoride source,and finds extensively application to manufacture diverse fluoro chemicals.The Et3N-3HF complex is a liquid HF with improve safety.In this work,we report electrochemical synthesis of a series of sulfonyl fluoride with Et3N-3HF as fluoride source.The sulfinic salt is a smell-less,non-volatile,and air-stable sulfur source in this reaction.With the combination of Et3N-3HF and aryl/alkyl sulfinic salt,the sulfonyl fluorides are achieved without the use of external oxidant.In addition,we demonstrate further advantage in a tandem reaction involving Pd-catalyzed C—S cross-coupling and formation of S—F bond.A variety of functional groups including amino acids,heterocycles,halides are well tolerated.

关键词： Electrochemicstry Fluorides Click chemistry Sulfinic salt Dehydrogenation

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Investigating natural drivers of vegetation coverage variation using MODIS imagery in Qinghai, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第1期8卷 109-124页

作者： ZHOU Lei LYU Aifeng China National Environmental Monitoring Center Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The climatically sensitive Qinghai province of China has been recognized as a hotspot for studies on the feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to global climate change. Thus, investigating vegetation coverage and its natural drivers in Qinghai is an important focus of ecosystem research. On the basis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series data, we estimated the vegetation coverage in this region using the dimidiate pixel model. Trend analyses, correlations between meteorological parameters, changes in vegetation coverage, and the temporal and spatial relationships between soil texture and vegetation coverage were used to investigate the possible drivers of vegetation coverage variations. The results indicated that the reduction of vegetation coverage slowed down in the period from 2000 to 2012. Annual mean temperature was the main climatic driver of the total extremely low and low vegetation coverage areas in Qinghai, followed by the precipitation anomalies. The extremely low and low vegetation coverage areas were mainly distributed in regions with a mean annual relative air humidity of <40% and the spatial distributions of these two area types differentiated along the 200-mm rainfall contours. The total extremely low and low vegetation coverage areas were mainly characterized by sandy clay loam soil, followed by loamy sand and sandy soil. Regions with sandy loam or loam soil have the greatest risk of vegetation coverage reductions. Knowledge of vegetation coverage variation and its natural drivers in the ecologically fragile region of Qinghai can provide scientific support for managing environmental change and desertification.

关键词： vegetation coverage remote sensing MODIS climate change

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关注泪液蛋白质组学研究在眼表疾病中的临床意义和应用

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中华实验眼科杂志 2016年第2期34卷 97-102页

作者： ZHOU Lei 刘丹宁新加坡眼科研究所 Yong Loo Lin医学院新加坡国立大学DUKE-NUS医学研究院 169856 重庆医科大学附属第二医院眼科 400010

研究显示泪液是一种非常有价值的体液，可用于眼表疾病的生物标志物的检测。我们系统评述包括干眼、睑缘炎、变态反应性结膜炎、圆锥角膜、感染性角膜炎、结膜松弛症、TAO等眼表疾病泪液蛋白质的变化，并分析了糖尿病、眼表外伤及屈光... 详细信息

研究显示泪液是一种非常有价值的体液，可用于眼表疾病的生物标志物的检测。我们系统评述包括干眼、睑缘炎、变态反应性结膜炎、圆锥角膜、感染性角膜炎、结膜松弛症、TAO等眼表疾病泪液蛋白质的变化，并分析了糖尿病、眼表外伤及屈光手术后、长期佩戴眼表角膜接触镜、长期局部使用青光眼药物对眼表泪液蛋白质的影响，希望眼科医师了解泪液蛋白质在各种眼表疾病状况下的特异性变化，为这些疾病的优化治疗提供有用线索。

关键词：泪液人泪液蛋白质组学眼表疾病

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