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Persistence of fertilization effects on soil organic carbon in degraded alpine wetlands in the Yellow River source region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1358-1371页

作者： DUAN Peng WEI Rongyi WANG Fangping LI Yongxiao SONG Ci HU Bixia YANG Ping zhou huakun YAO Buqing ZHAO Zhizhong Qinghai University Xining 810016China Qinghai Transportation Planning and Design Institute Co.Ltd Xining 810000China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Chinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Qinghai University of Science and Technology Xining 810016China

In the restoration of degraded wetlands,fertilization can improve the vegetation-soil-microorganisms complex,thereby affecting the organic carbon content.However,it is currently unclear whether these effects are sustainable.This study employed Biolog-Eco surveys to investigate the changes in vegetation characteristics,soil physicochemical properties,and soil microbial functional diversity in degraded alpine wetlands of the source region of the Yellow River at 3 and 15 months after the application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and organic mixed fertilizer.The following results were obtained:The addition of nitrogen fertilizer and organic compost significantly affects the soil organic carbon content in degraded wetlands.Three months after fertilization,nitrogen addition increases soil organic carbon in both lightly and severely degraded wetlands,whereas after 15 months,organic compost enhanced the soil organic carbon level in severely degraded wetlands.Structural equation modeling indicates that fertilization decreases the soil pH and directly or indirectly influences the soil organic carbon levels through variations in the soil water content and the aboveground biomass of vegetation.Three months after fertilization,nitrogen fertilizer showed a direct positive effect on soil organic carbon.However,organic mixed fertilizer indirectly reduced soil organic carbon by increasing biomass and decreasing soil moisture.After 15 months,none of the fertilizers significantly affected the soil organic carbon level.In summary,it can be inferred that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer lacks sustainability in positively influencing the organic carbon content.

关键词： Degraded alpine wetlands Fertilizer Soil organic carbon Temporal variation Vegetation aboveground biomass Yellow River source region

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Trophic niche and adaptation in highland lizards:sex has greater influences than species matching

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 564-576页

作者： Shengnan YANG Jiapeng QU Ke TANG Xinquan ZHAO huakun zhou Junhua HU Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region Northwest lnstitute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Qinghai University XiningChina

The plateau environments are typically arid,cool,and high altitude,posing formidable challenges to wildlife survival due to resource scarcity and harsh conditions.Unraveling ecological adaptability in severe conditions requires a deeper understanding of the niche characteristics of plateau species.Trophic niche,which is a comprehensive indicator describing the energy acquisition strategy of animals,remains relatively understudied in plateau species.Here,by combining stable isotopes and morphological data,we quantified the trophic niches of two allopatric lizard species(Phrynocephalus vlangalii and P.erythrurus)that live in the hinterland of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,and explored how their trophic niches correlate with morphological and environmental factors.While both trophic niche and morphological traits were similar between species,noteworthy distinctions were observed between male and female Phrynocephalus lizards.The morphological traits associated with predation(i.***.limb length and head size)and reproduction(i.***.abdomen length),annual mean temperature,and sex played influential roles in shifting trophic niches.These results imply that sexual dimorphism may facilitate inter-sex divergence in resource utilization,leading to trophic niche variations in the highland lizards.Furthermore,extreme environmental stress can constrain interspecific divergence in morphological and trophic traits.Our findings illustrate the dynamic variations of trophic niches in highland lizards,contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the adaptation strategies employed by lizard species in plateau environments.

关键词： environmental adaptation Phrynocephalus Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau sexual dimorphism stable isotope

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The uptake diversity of soil nitrogen nutrients by main plant species in Kobresia humilis alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第10期55卷 1688-1695页

作者： WANG WenYing MA YongGui XU Jin WANG HuiChun ZHU JinFu zhou huakun Department of Life and Geography Sciences Qinghai Normal University Xining 810008 China Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050021 China

We studied the uptake of ammonium,nitrate,and a variety of amino acids by alpine plant species in the Kobresia humilis alpine meadow ecosystem in situ.We examined the extent of niche separation in uptake of N source by different plant species in alpine communities,and investigated the contribution of symbiotically fixed N to the total N in alpine meadow.The results are(1) δ 15 N natural abundance values of 13 plant species lie between 2.680‰ and 5.169‰,and the scope is 7.849‰.(2) Leguminous plants,such as Trigonella ruthenica,Gueldenstaedtia diversiffolia,and Oxytyopis ochrocephala,and non-leguminous plant Gentiana straminea uptake low amounts of 15 N labeled ammonium,nitrate,glycine or aspartate in soil.(3) As far as the plant uptake of organic N is concerned,Kobresia humilis,Poa pratensis,and Gentiuna spathutifolta can effectively uptake organic nitrogen,and about 37%-40% of the nitrogen of these species comes from soil organic nitrogen sources(such as glycine and aspartate).Stipa aliena can effectively uptake nitrate,and 60% of its nitrogen comes from soil nitrate.Potentilla anserina,Poa pratensis,and Thalictrum alpinum can effectively absorb ammonium in comparason to other plant species in the meadow,and about 25%-27% of the nitrogen in these plants comes from soil ammonium.(4) The contribution of leguminous fixed N to total N is 7.48%-9.26% in Kobresia humilis alpine meadow.(5) These data show many plant species of alpine meadow may effectively utilize dissolved organic nitrogen such as amino acids,and these plants have diverse ways to uptake soil nitrogen in alpine meadows.Based on the results we can partly explain why there are abundant biodiversities and how plants at alpine habitat utilize the limited soil N sources.

关键词：高寒草甸生态系统土壤有机氮植物吸收氮素养分矮嵩草物种多样性青藏高原土壤硝酸盐

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STABILITY OF ALPINE MEADOW ECOSYSTEM ON THE QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第3期51卷 320-327页

作者： zhou huakun zhou Li ZHAO Xinquan LIU Wei LI Yingnian GU Song zhou Xinmin Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The meadow ecosystem on the Qing- hai-Tibetan Plateau is considered to be sensitive to climate change. An understanding of the alpine meadow ecosystem is therefore important for pre- dicting the response of ecosystems to climate change. In this study, we use the coefficients of variation (Cv) and stability (E) obtained from the Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station to characterize the ecosystem stability. The results suggest that the net primary production of the alpine meadow eco- system was more stable (Cv = 13.18%) than annual precipitation (Cv = 16.55%) and annual mean air temperature (Cv = 28.82%). The net primary produc- tion was insensitive to either the precipitation (E = 0.0782) or air temperature (E = 0.1113). In summary, the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau is much stable. Comparison of alpine meadow ecosystem stability with other five natural grassland ecosystems in Israel and southern African indicates that the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is the most stable ecosys- tem. The alpine meadow ecosystem with relatively simple structure has high stability, which indicates that community stability is not only correlated with biodiversity and community complicity but also with environmental stability. An average oscillation cycles of 3―4 years existed in annual precipitation, annual mean air temperature, net primary production and the population size of consumers at the Haibei natural ecosystem. The high stability of the alpine meadow ecosystem may be resulting also from the adaptation of the ecosystem to the alpine environment.

关键词：高山草甸生态系统生态稳定性变异系数生态多样性青藏高原

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贫困与脆弱生态环境的耦合关系研究——基于青藏高原高寒农业区14个县(市)的分析

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青海科技 2024年第1期31卷 34-40页

作者：郭婧周华坤青海省社会科学院生态文明研究所西宁810000 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所西宁810008 青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室西宁810008

文章以青藏高原高寒农业区14个县(市)为研究对象,构建了经济贫困与生态环境评价指标体系,分析了研究区经济贫困与脆弱生态环境的耦合关系。结果表明:(1)青藏高原高寒农业区脆弱生态环境和贫困耦合协调度整体呈上升状态,受政策调整等因... 详细信息

文章以青藏高原高寒农业区14个县(市)为研究对象,构建了经济贫困与生态环境评价指标体系,分析了研究区经济贫困与脆弱生态环境的耦合关系。结果表明:(1)青藏高原高寒农业区脆弱生态环境和贫困耦合协调度整体呈上升状态,受政策调整等因素的影响呈现失调衰退贫困轻度滞后、失调衰退生态环境轻度滞后、过度调和贫困轻度滞后、过度调和生态环境轻度滞后四个不同阶段。(2)2011-2018年青藏高原高寒农业区的生态环境-贫困耦合协调度D从0.312 0增加到0.642 9,协调类型从失调衰退类转化为协调发展类。研究结果可为青藏高原区域经济发展与可持续发展提供参考。

关键词：经济贫困脆弱生态环境耦合

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How precipitation and grazing influence the ecological functions of drought-prone grasslands on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, China?

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第1期13卷 88-97页

作者： HUANG Xiaotao LUO Geping CHEN Chunbo PENG Jian ZHANG Chujie zhou huakun YAO Buqing MA Zhen XI Xiaoyan Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Chinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xinjiang Grassland Technical Popularization Station Urumqi 830049China Qinghai Environmental Sciences Research and Design Institute Co.Ltd. Xining 810007China

Drought-prone grasslands provide a critical resource for the millions of people who are dependent on livestock for food security.However,this ecosystem is potentially vulnerable to climate change(e.g.,precipitation)and human activity(e.g.,grazing).Despite this,the influences of precipitation and grazing on ecological functions of drought-prone grasslands in the Tianshan Mountains remain relatively unexplored.Therefore,we conducted a systematic field investigation and a clipping experiment(simulating different intensities of grazing)in a drought-prone grassland on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in China to examine the influences of precipitation and grazing on aboveground biomass(AGB),soil volumetric water content(SVWC),and precipitation use efficiency(PUE)during the period of 2014–2017.We obtained the meteorological and SVWC data using an HL20 Bowen ratio system and a PR2 soil profile hydrometer,respectively.We found that AGB was clearly affected by both the amount and seasonal pattern of precipitation,and that PUE may be relatively low in years with either low or excessive precipitation.The PUE values were generally higher in the rapid growing season(April–July)than in the entire growing season(April–October).Overall,moderate grazing can promote plant growth under water stress conditions.The SVWC value was higher in the clipped plots than in the unclipped plots in the rapid growing season(April–July),but it was lower in the clipped plots than in the unclipped plots in the slow growing season(August–October).Our findings can enhance the understanding of the ecological effects of precipitation and grazing in drought-prone grasslands and provide data that will support the effective local grassland management.

关键词： climate change human activity aboveground biomass precipitation use efficiency soil volumetric water content water stress

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气候变化通过调控青藏高原高寒草原植物生育期影响地上生物量积累

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应用生态学报 2024年第5期35卷 1260-1268页

作者：杨聪颖丁颖马扶林周华坤王晓丽张强刘小伟木塔力甫·吾布力郭梁西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院陕西杨凌712100 青海省海北牧业气象试验站青海海北810200 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室西宁810008 中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室西宁810008 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室/三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室西宁810016 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院西宁810016 西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院陕西杨凌712100 中国科学院-水利部水土保持研究所陕西杨凌712100

气候变化显著影响青藏高原高寒草原植物生物量及物候发生时间,且物候期的变化与植物营养生长期和生殖生长期长度紧密关联,可进一步影响植物生物量的积累。本研究基于1997—2020年青藏高原高寒草原植物生物量和物候定点观测及相应气候资... 详细信息

气候变化显著影响青藏高原高寒草原植物生物量及物候发生时间,且物候期的变化与植物营养生长期和生殖生长期长度紧密关联,可进一步影响植物生物量的积累。本研究基于1997—2020年青藏高原高寒草原植物生物量和物候定点观测及相应气候资料,应用简单线性回归及分段结构方程模型等统计方法,探究了研究区气候年际变化特征,不同植物生物量、物候期变化趋势,以及生物量与物候及气候因子的关联性。结果表明:1997—2020年间,研究区年均温和年降水量均呈显著上升趋势,呈现出明显“暖湿化”趋势;研究区优势种西北针茅的地上生物量及其在群落总生物量中的占比显著下降,而次优势种矮嵩草的生物量及其在群落总生物量中的占比则显著增加,表明矮嵩草在该高寒草原群落中的优势度日益升高;研究区暖湿化气候通过显著延长矮嵩草的生殖生长期提高了其地上生物量;年均温和年降水量通过显著缩短西北针茅的营养生长期进而降低其地上生物量的积累。总之,气候暖湿化通过调控物候期变化显著影响了植物地上生物量积累,物种间响应的差异性导致高寒草原植物组成发生了较大变化,研究区呈现出高寒草原向高寒草甸转变的趋势,亟待深入研究。

关键词：高寒草原暖湿化地上生物量物候矮嵩草西北针茅

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Long-term warming does not affect soil ecoenzyme activity and original microbial nutrient limitation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Soil Ecology Letters 2022年第4期4卷 383-398页

作者： Yuanze Li huakun zhou Wenjing Chen Yang Wu Lei Lei Qiao ZiRan Yan GuoBin Liu Sha Xue State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Regions Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810000China State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810000China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water ResourcesYangling 712100China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Microbes play an important role in the carbon cycle and nutrient flow of the soil ecosystem.However,the response of microbial activities to long-term warming over decades is poorly understood.To determine how warming changes ecoenzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation,we conducted a long-term,21 years,experiment,on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.We selected typical grass-and shrub-covered plots,used fiberglass open-top chambers(OTCs)to raise the temperature,conducted soil sampling at different depths,studied the response of nutrient-acquiring enzyme activity and stoichiometry,and conducted vector analysis of stoichiometry.Our results showed that long-term warming did not have a notable effect on the activity of nutrient-acquiring enzymes or enzymatic stoichiometry.However,Spearman correlation analysis indicated a significant and positive correlation between ecoenzyme activity and the available nutrients and microbial biomass in soil.Vector analysis of stoichiometry showed phosphorus limitation for all soil microbes at different depths,regardless of whether the soil experienced warming.These changes in enzymatic stoichiometry and vector analysis suggested that microbial nutrient limitation was not alleviated substantially by long-term warming,and warming did not considerably affect the stratification of microbial nutrient limitation.Our research has also shown that long-term warming does not significantly change soil ecoenzyme activity and original microbial nutrient limitation at different soil depths within the OTUsʼimpact range.These results could help improve understanding of microbial thermal acclimation and response to future long-term global warming.

关键词： Global warming Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry Microbial nutrient limitation Thermal acclimation Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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西宁湟水河人工湿地对水体氮、磷污染物负荷削减的研究

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青海科技 2024年第1期31卷 25-33页

作者：张莉刘玮张瑞周华坤毛旭锋金艳霞陈哲汪海波青海师范大学/高原科学与可持续发展研究院西宁810016 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室西宁810008 青海省青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室西宁810016 青海省果洛藏族自治州林业和草原站果洛814000

人工湿地建设是我国北方城镇化进程中重要的生态优化措施,其作为城市生态系统的重要组成,在净化水体、调节水质等方面具有重要的生态服务功能。为了探明高原城市人工湿地建设后对水体的水质改善、氮磷等污染物负荷削减的生态效应,在6月... 详细信息

人工湿地建设是我国北方城镇化进程中重要的生态优化措施,其作为城市生态系统的重要组成,在净化水体、调节水质等方面具有重要的生态服务功能。为了探明高原城市人工湿地建设后对水体的水质改善、氮磷等污染物负荷削减的生态效应,在6月-11月重点监测了青海西宁火烧沟湿地、海湖湿地、北川湿地三处水体不同断面氮、磷污染物浓度的季节变化特征。结果表明:(1)火烧沟湿地污染物浓度峰值出现在枯水期,而丰水期浓度普遍较低,海湖湿地和北川湿地丰水期污染物浓度较高。(2)湿地对水体主要污染物负荷有一定的削减作用,主要体现在海湖湿地和北川湿地总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)、总磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))的去除效果,海湖湿地对其削减率分别为11.74%、29.32%、41%和25.19%,北川湿地中削减率分别为25.02%、54.71%、32.03%和1.91%。且三处湿地来水的TN、TP、COD_(Cr)、COD_(Mn)含量均值普遍达到Ⅱ类水标准。其中,火烧沟湿地和北川湿地COD_(Cr)浓度达到Ⅰ类水标准,而海湖湿地COD_(Mn)含量较高,属Ⅲ类水标准。(3)通过对水质指标的相关性分析,发现水体TP与p H、降水量、温度的相关性较高,TN与COD_(Cr)的相关性较高。

关键词：高原城市湟水国家湿地公园水污染水体净化湿地修复

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Contrasting altitudinal patterns of leaf UV reflectance and absorbance in four herbaceous species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 245-254页

作者： Xin Li Xinran Ke huakun zhou Yanhong Tang Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityNo.5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Cold Regions Restoration Ecology Qinghai ProvinceNorthwest Plateau Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo.23 Xinning RoadXining 810008China

Aims Alpine plants have to cope with intense ultraviolet(UV)radiation and its altitudinal changes.It has been argued that leaf UV reflec-tance and absorbance should play a central role in acclimation and adaptation to changes in UV radiation,but evidence is lim-ited from high altitudinal ecosystems.In this study,we assessed whether leaf UV reflectance and leaf pigments jointly vary with altitude in alpine broadleaved herbaceous species.The primary hypothesis is that leaves with higher UV reflectance should have lower UV absorbance and/or lower contents of photosynthetic pigments.Methods Leaf UV reflectance,leaf UV absorbance and photosynthetic pig-ments(chlorophyll a and b,carotenoids)were examined in four broadleaved herbaceous species in relation to their habitat alti-tudes.The leaf surface reflectance and leaf extract absorbance at wavelengths of 305 and 360 nm were measured to examine the leaf optical and photochemical characteristics in the UV-B and UV-A bands,respectively.The species included Saussurea katochaete Maxim.,Saussurea pulchra Lipsch.,Anaphalis lactea Maxim.and Rheum pumilum Maxim.,which are distributed along the same slope from 3200 to 4200 m in the Qilian Mountains,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Important Findings The leaf UV absorbance was approximately twice as high at 305 nm(UV-B)than at 360 nm(UV-A)for all species except R.pumilum.Among the four species,the leaf UV absorbance was the highest and almost all values were within 2-6 Abs cm^(−2)(absorbance cm^(−2))in S.pulchra,but the lowest(frequently<1 Abs cm^(−2))were observed in R.pumilum.Only R.pumilum showed significantly higher values at higher elevations.Leaf UV reflectance was generally higher at higher elevations for all species except for A.lactea,and exhibited much larger altitudinal variations compared to leaf UV absorbance.Anaphalis lactea showed a very high UV reflectance even at low altitudes.Among the four species,photosynthetic pigments tended to decrease with an increase in leaf UV reflectance but increased with leaf UV absorbance.Th

关键词： altitudinal pattern leaf UV reflectance UV absorbance photosynthetic pigment UV environment

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