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Impacts of Climate Change on Rice Yield in China From 1961 to 2010 Based on Provincial Data

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第7期13卷 1555-1564页

作者： CHEN Chao zhou guang-sheng zhou Li Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Sichuan Provincial Climate Center

The impacts of climate change on rice yield in China from 1961 to 2010 were studied in this paper, based on the provincial data, in order to develop scientiifc countermeasures. The results indicated that increase of average temperature improved single cropping rice production on national level by up to 11%relative to the average over the study period, however, it resulted in an overall loss of double cropping rice by up to 1.9%. The decrease of diurnal temperature range （DTR） in the major producing regions caused the decrease by up to 3.0%for single cropping rice production and 2.0%for double cropping rice production. Moreover, the contribution of precipitation change reached about 6.2%for single cropping rice production, but no signiifcant effect for double cropping rice production in recent 50 years.

关键词： impact climate change warming precipitation rice yield provincial level China

Effects of paclobutrazol on biomass production in relation to resistance to lodging and pod shattering in Brassica napus L.

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2470-2481页

作者： KUAI Jie LI Xiao-yong YANG Yang zhou guang-sheng College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R. China

Paclobutrazol was sprayed at 0, 150, and 300 mg L-1 during the closed canopy stage and the early bud stage with two high-yielding cultivars of rapeseed, Yangguang 2009 and Fengyou 520. The impact of paclobutrazol on the accumulation and distribution of biomass and its relationship with yield, resistance to lodging and pod shattering were determined. All the treatments increased the resistance as well as yield. The maximum yield was obtained when paclobutrazol was applied during the closed canopy stage at 150 mg L-1. The plant＇s resistance to both lodging and pod shattering was the maximum when paclobutrazol was applied during the early bud stage at 300 mg L-1. Paclobutrazol also delayed senescence, with the higher concentration or later spraying leading to more obvious effects; improved the net assimilation rate before the early bud stage; and promoted the relative growth rate of the main growth organ at each stage of growth and maximized the rate and quantities of biomass accumulation. However, at the higher concentration and later spraying, the increments were smaller. The spraying also increased the rates of biomass allocation to roots, leaves, and pods, but the rate of allocation to stems decreased as the plants grew shorter. The higher allocation to roots and the lower allocation to stems favoured resistance to both lodging and pod shattering whereas higher allocation to leaves and pods favoured yield. The higher concentration or late spraying led to excessive biomass being allocated to roots, which decreased leaf biomass during the bud stage, leading to greater resistance but lower yields.

关键词： rapeseed paclobutrazol biomass yield resistance to lodging and shattering

外源物质浸种对迟播油菜越冬期抗寒性及产量的影响

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作物学报 2024年第5期50卷 1271-1286页

作者：王先领姜岳雷贻忠肖胜男厍惠洁段圣省黄铭蒯婕汪波王晶赵杰徐正华周广生华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室湖北武汉430070

确保迟播油菜产量是压减长江流域双季稻区冬闲田的关键,提高越冬期抗寒性、促进冬前干物质积累是增加迟播油菜产量的有效途径。播前外源物质浸种是提高越冬期抗寒性,促进冬前快速生长的有效措施。试验选用早熟品种华油杂137,设置清水(CK... 详细信息

确保迟播油菜产量是压减长江流域双季稻区冬闲田的关键,提高越冬期抗寒性、促进冬前干物质积累是增加迟播油菜产量的有效途径。播前外源物质浸种是提高越冬期抗寒性,促进冬前快速生长的有效措施。试验选用早熟品种华油杂137,设置清水(CK),0.01 mmol L-1、0.05 mmol L^(-1)、0.10 mmol L^(-1)的甜菜碱(T1-1、T1-2、T1-3),0.1 mmol L^(-1)、0.5 mmol L^(-1)、1.0 mmol L^(-1)的脯氨酸(T2-1、T2-2、T2-3),0.03%、0.15%、0.30%的过氧化氢(T3-1、T3-2、T3-3),0.001 mmol L^(-1)、0.01 mmol L^(-1)、0.05 mmol L^(-1)的苹果酸(T4-1、T4-2、T4-3),25 mg L^(-1)、100 mg L^(-1)、300 mg L^(-1)的氧化纳米锌(T5-1、T5-2、T5-3),0.5 mmol L^(-1)、1.0 mmol L^(-1)的多胺(T6-1、T6-2)浸种处理后,于2021—2023年开展田间试验,研究不同外源物质及浓度浸种对迟播油菜越冬期抗寒性及产量的影响。结果表明,不同外源物质和不同浓度浸种处理影响迟播油菜出苗率,部分处理如T3-3、T4-2、T5-3与CK相比显著提高,提高幅度分别达到19.2%、15.3%、17.3%。部分外源物质浸种也显著提高了迟播油菜抗寒性,其机制一方面是提高抗氧化系统中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性和谷胱甘肽含量,减少活性氧、过氧化氢及丙二醛含量,另一方面是增加可溶性糖、脯氨酸、苹果酸、多胺、甘露醇等渗透调节物质含量,提高膜联冷应答蛋白激酶含量从而提高抗寒性。叶片抗寒性的增加有利于越冬期叶片生物量的积累,有效分枝数增加,单株角果数增加,从而促进产量的提高。另外,对筛选出的9个正向指标和3个负向抗寒性指标进行综合评价,结果表明,2年平均产量排序和抗寒性综合评价值排序结果基本一致,产量较高、抗寒性较强的浸种处理为T5-3、T5-2、T2-3、T1-2。该研究可为长江流域迟播油菜冬前壮苗培育、提高越冬期抗寒性提供理论与技术支撑,为迟播油菜抗逆稳产、促进冬闲田开发利用提供依据。

关键词：油菜迟播抗寒性外源物质浸种

油菜籽粒叶绿素降解速率对菜籽油关键品质的影响

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作物学报 2024年第7期50卷 1818-1828页

作者：闫子恒王先领邵东李郜耿东宁宁贾才华蒯婕汪波徐正华王晶赵杰周广生华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室湖北武汉430070

油菜籽粒中的叶绿素是阻碍高品质菜籽油生产的关键因素。压榨制油时叶绿素进入菜籽油,菜籽油叶绿素含量高不仅外观品质差,且易引发光氧化反应。因此,提高籽粒成熟过程中叶绿素降解速率,对改善菜籽油外观及营养品质具有重要意义。试验利... 详细信息

油菜籽粒中的叶绿素是阻碍高品质菜籽油生产的关键因素。压榨制油时叶绿素进入菜籽油,菜籽油叶绿素含量高不仅外观品质差,且易引发光氧化反应。因此,提高籽粒成熟过程中叶绿素降解速率,对改善菜籽油外观及营养品质具有重要意义。试验利用281份来自国内外的栽培品种、品系组成的自然群体,在武汉试验点连续进行2年田间小区试验,考察油菜籽粒叶绿素降解速率、油脂外观及营养品质等指标,分析籽粒叶绿素降解与千粒重、含油量、油脂色泽、抗氧化能力等指标的内在联系,以期为优质菜籽油原料的生产提供理论与技术支撑。结果表明,不同品系籽粒叶绿素降解速率存在差异,供试群体品系间存在广泛变异;相关性分析显示,籽粒叶绿素降解速率与种子千粒重、含油量无显著相关性,与菜籽油叶绿素含量显著负相关;菜籽油叶绿素含量与菜籽油红值、黄值及过氧化值显著正相关,与菜籽油抗氧化能力显著负相关,籽粒叶绿素降解速率快的类别,菜籽油色泽更浅,菜籽油过氧化值较低且具有较高的总酚含量与抗氧化能力;花后40 d,叶绿素降解快的品系籽粒POR酶的活性低于叶绿素降解慢的品系,但花后53 d PAO酶的活性高于叶绿素降解慢的品系,因此籽粒成熟后期叶绿素降解速率快,种子叶绿素含量低。

关键词：油菜籽粒叶绿素降解速率菜籽油品质

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高密度直播对油菜冷榨菜籽油品质的影响

作物学报 2024年第9期50卷 2358-2370页

作者：张琪祺陈杰昌蒯婕汪波王晶徐正华赵杰赵思明贾才华周广生华中农业大学食品科学技术学院/教育部环境食品学重点实验室湖北武汉430070 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室湖北武汉430070

为明确高密植对冷榨菜籽油品质的影响,本研究选用6个株型差异较大的油菜品种(系),采用45万株hm^(–2)和75万株hm^(–2) 2个密度种植,油菜成熟后收获籽粒冷榨,分析菜籽油理化指标、脂肪酸组成和典型脂质伴随物的含量。结果表明,与45万株h... 详细信息

为明确高密植对冷榨菜籽油品质的影响,本研究选用6个株型差异较大的油菜品种(系),采用45万株hm^(–2)和75万株hm^(–2) 2个密度种植,油菜成熟后收获籽粒冷榨,分析菜籽油理化指标、脂肪酸组成和典型脂质伴随物的含量。结果表明,与45万株hm^(–2)相比,在75万株hm^(–2)密度条件下,6个油菜品种(系)籽粒含油量、菜籽油叶绿素含量、红值、过氧化值和酸价增加,均值分别为4.67%、65.28%、22.16%、30.36%和7.23%,但均符合国标一级菜籽油质量标准;不饱和脂肪酸含量增加幅度为0.02%~4.26%,类胡萝卜素和极性总酚含量增加幅度分别为0.52~4.54mg kg^(–1)和1.18~12.06 mg 100 g^(–1);川油20和华油杂62两品种冷榨菜籽油中的生育酚和植物甾醇含量均有提升。综合评价结果表明,不同株型油菜冷榨食用油品质形成对不同种植密度的响应规律不同,不同高度和叶型油菜在75万株hm^(–2)种植密度下的冷榨菜籽油品质优于45万株hm^(–2),其中川油20和华油杂62在75万株hm^(–2)密度下的综合品质较优。本研究结果可为油菜密植、优质菜籽油原料的品种选育及生产提供参考。

关键词：油菜种植密度菜籽油脂质伴随物品质

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Effects of Water Stress on the Protective Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation in Roots and Leaves of Summer Maize

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第4期5卷 291-298页

作者： GE Ti-da SUI Fang-gong BAI Li-ping LU Yin-yan zhou guang-sheng Department of Agronomy Laiyang Agricultural College Laiyang 265200 P.R.China Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 P.R.China

A systematic study was conducted to determine the effects of water stress on the activities of protective enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize. The results showed that, under water stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and peroxidase （POD） in leaves and roots increased sharply at prophase and metaphase growth stages, such as, male tetrad stage, but then declined towards the physiological maturity. The protective enzyme activities in roots were lower than those in leaves. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA） increased according to the severity of water stress. The content of MDA in roots was lower than that in leaves. The activities of protective enzymes and lipid peroxidation in roots were positively related to that in leaves with most of the correlation coefficients being significant. The content of soluble proteins in roots and leaves decreased with increasing drought stress. The ear characteristics deteriorated and the economic yields of maize decreased significantly under water stress. The main factors that caused reduction of yields were the decrease in the number of ear kernels and 100-kernel weight.

关键词： maize water stress protective enzyme activities lipid peroxidation

长江流域迟播甘蓝型油菜播种期和播种量优化配置研究

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作物学报 2024年第8期50卷 2091-2105页

作者：娄洪祥黄肖玉江萌宁宁卞孟磊张磊罗东旭秦梦倩蒯婕汪波王晶赵杰徐正华周广生华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/湖北洪山实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室湖北武汉430070 湖北省现代农业展示中心湖北武汉430070

为解决长江流域稻油茬口矛盾,提高冬闲田利用率,亟须迟播油菜(10月25日之后播种)配套技术研究。本研究以早熟品种‘华油杂137’为材料,在湖北武汉进行2年播种期(10月25日至11月15日间,各播种期间隔3 d,用S1~S8表示)和播种量(2.5、5.0、... 详细信息

为解决长江流域稻油茬口矛盾,提高冬闲田利用率,亟须迟播油菜(10月25日之后播种)配套技术研究。本研究以早熟品种‘华油杂137’为材料,在湖北武汉进行2年播种期(10月25日至11月15日间,各播种期间隔3 d,用S1~S8表示)和播种量(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0和12.5 kg hm^(-2),用R1~R5表示)单因素试验,考察生育期、成苗动态、农艺性状、产量和倒伏指标,统计有效积温,通过线性回归和平滑曲线拟合分析,优化播种期和播种量的配置参数,为迟播油菜生产提供技术支撑。结果表明,(1)播种期推迟,迟播油菜的生育期缩短、根颈粗降低、分枝数减少、产量降低且茎秆倒伏指数增加;4个生育期中,苗期和花期有效积温与产量呈极显著正相关。(2)播种量增加,各生育期成苗数和收获密度提高,但生育期缩短、有效积温减少,角果层厚度降低、倒伏指数先降后增、产量呈先增后降趋势。(3)2年不同播种期产量数据回归分析表明,播种期推迟至S3~S4时,越冬前有效积温保持在317.1℃以上,苗期有效积温达401.1℃,终花35 d收获产量可达2700.0 kg hm^(-2),倒伏指数为1.5左右;2年不同播种量产量数据平滑曲线拟合分析表明,不同播种量下收获密度与产量呈抛物线关系,收获密度为64.2×10^(4)株hm^(-2)时终花35 d收获产量达峰值,为2948.5 kg hm^(-2),而倒伏指数为1.6。综上,配置7.5~10.0 kg hm^(-2)的播种量确保收获密度达64.2×10^(4)株hm^(-2),抢时播种确保冬前有效积温达317.1℃,可显著提高迟播油菜产量与抗倒性。

关键词：迟播油菜播种期播种量产量抗倒性有效积温

Study on the Water Balance in Three Dominant Plants with Simulated Precipitation Change in Maowusu Sandland

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2001年第1期43卷 82-88页

作者：肖春旺周广胜中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室北京100093

The distribution pattern and productivity of Maowusu sandland terrestrial ecosystem are greatly affected with the future severe global change, especially global precipitation change. Considering the predicative global precipitation change and the appropriate relevant strategy for the sustainable development of the China dry territory, the authors have investigated the response of water balance to global precipitation change by creating an artificial control of four levels of water supply treating 3 dominant plants in Mauwusu sandland. The results showed that the seasonal changes of water storage and moisture of different sandland layer depths were affected by different water supply treatments and different plants. The water storage of the three plant growing sandlands and the moisture of different sandland layer depths increased as water supply was increased. The moisture of different water supply treatments and plants increased with the increase of sandland layer depth. The water storage and moisture of the same layer depth of Hedysarum mongolicum Turcz. growing sandland were larger than that of Salix psammophila C. Wang et Ch. Y. Yang growing sandland, which were in turn higher than that of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. growing sandland in the same water supply treatment. Water supply significantly affected the seasonal changes of evaporation and transpiration of the three plant growing sandlands. With the increased levels of water supply, viz. 157.5 mm, 315.0 mm, 472.5 mm and 630.0 mm, the total evaporation was 123.66 mm, 258.68 mm, 376.30 mm, 458.57 mm, respectively, and the total transpiration of A. ordosica was 50.80 mm, 68.93 mm, 108.39 mm, 163.36 mm, respectively, and that of S. psammophila , 47.37 mm, 68.17 mm, 93.65 mm, 135.97 mm, respectively, and that of H. mongolicum 46.73 mm, 67.37 mm, 86.07 mm, 109.64 mm, respectively. Evaporation was significantly higher than transpiration in the experiment.

关键词： global change simulated precipitation Maowusu sandland dominant plants water balance

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关键栽培措施对菜籽油综合品质的影响

作物学报 2024年第6期50卷 1554-1567页

作者：宁宁余新颖秦梦倩娄洪祥王宗铠王春云贾才华徐正华王晶蒯婕汪波赵杰周广生华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室湖北武汉430070 华中农业大学食品科学技术学院/教育部环境食品学重点实验室湖北武汉430070

为明确关键栽培措施对菜籽油品质的影响,本研究以“湘杂油518”和“大地199”为材料,分别在武汉和兰州进行播期、密度及氮肥处理单因素试验,籽粒成熟后收获冷榨,测定菜籽油色泽、过氧化值、极性总酚及甾醇含量等关键品质指标,综合评价... 详细信息

为明确关键栽培措施对菜籽油品质的影响,本研究以“湘杂油518”和“大地199”为材料,分别在武汉和兰州进行播期、密度及氮肥处理单因素试验,籽粒成熟后收获冷榨,测定菜籽油色泽、过氧化值、极性总酚及甾醇含量等关键品质指标,综合评价各处理下菜籽油品质。结果表明:本试验条件下,播期、密度、氮肥均显著影响菜籽油关键品质指标,但各指标在两品种、两试验点间的变化规律不尽相同。两试点、两品种均在早播条件下菜籽油的油酸含量较高,且均随播期推迟,色泽加深,叶绿素含量升高,综合品质下降。两试点的湘杂油518品种在D2密度(4.5×10^(5)hm^(–2))下的菜籽油的酸价较低,极性总酚、总植物甾醇和总生育酚含量较高,综合品质较好。两试点的大地199品种则随密度增加菜籽油叶绿素含量增加,色泽加深,亚油酸含量降低,综合品质下降。两试点、两品种均在低氮下(120 kg hm^(–2))有较高的籽粒含油量和出油效率,且均随施氮量的增加菜籽油色泽加深,综合品质下降。主成分分析表明,播期对菜籽油综合品质的影响大于种植密度和施氮量处理,酸价、叶绿素、极性总酚、抗氧化能力和总植物甾醇是影响菜籽油的关键品质指标;相关性分析表明,籽粒含油量与出油效率显著正相关,叶绿素、类胡萝卜素与菜籽油色泽均呈显著正相关,极性总酚与抗氧化性显著正相关。综上所述,生产中适期早播、减少氮肥用量、降低种植密度,可提高压榨菜籽油品质。本试验结果可为高品质菜籽油优质原料的生产提供技术支撑。

关键词：油菜播期密度氮肥菜籽油品质