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碳中和植物降污固碳及其机制研究进展

环境科学 2024年第6期45卷 3446-3458页

作者：陈芸周启星陶宗鑫郑彤吴康迎张嘉乐欧阳少虎南开大学环境科学与工程学院碳中和交叉科学中心天津300350

在经济发展和生态承载的双重制约下,我国实现碳中和碳达峰需要探索更多的技术手段.植物是构建陆地和海洋碳汇体系的重要载体,同时植物修复技术也是治理环境污染的一种科学手段.然而,目前的研究大多集中在植物降污(包括降低环境介质中的... 详细信息

在经济发展和生态承载的双重制约下,我国实现碳中和碳达峰需要探索更多的技术手段.植物是构建陆地和海洋碳汇体系的重要载体,同时植物修复技术也是治理环境污染的一种科学手段.然而,目前的研究大多集中在植物降污(包括降低环境介质中的污染物浓度和降解污染物两个方面)或植物固碳单一方面,而没有考虑植物降污固碳的双重效益.为挖掘植物的碳中和效应,从碳中和植物入手,深入阐述碳中和植物的降污固碳效应及其进展,评估碳中和植物与其他生物(比如动物、土壤微生物)以及环境功能材料的降污固碳潜力,并对碳中和植物与动物、微生物以及环境功能材料与生态系统协同耦合降污固碳效应的机制进行探究.最后,对碳中和植物降污固碳效应的未来研究方向提出了建设性的展望.

关键词：碳中和植物协同耦合降污修复光合固碳机制

Influences of petroleum on accumulation of copper and cadmium in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第1期18卷 109-114页

作者： SUN Fu-hong zhou qi-xing ZHANG qian-ru Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

Using the exposure simulation experiment, the action of petroleum affecting the accumulation of the trace metals including copper （Cu） and cadmium （Cd） in littoral polychaete Nereis diversicolor collected from the Shuangtaizi Estuary in Liaoning Province, China was examined. The results showed that there was a markedly non-linear relationship between the accumulation of Cu in worms and the experimental concentration of Cu in exposure solutions when the concentration of petroleum remained at 0, 100, and 220 μl/L, respectively. However, significantly non-linear relationship for worms exposed to Cd was observed only when the concentration of added petroleum was 0 and 220 μl/L. The accumulation of Cu in worms did not differ significantly among the three different levels of petroleum concentrations combined with various concentrations of Cu. So was the accumulation of Cd in worms （p〉0.05）. However, the addition of petroleum in exposure solutions brought about an increase in the accumulation of Cu in Nereis diversicolor, in comparison with single Cu pollution. On the other hand, when the concentration of added petroleum remained at 100 μl/L, the accumulation of Cd in worms was lower than that in worms exposed to various concentrations of only cadmium. However, the worms exposed to Cd and petroleum 220 μl/L did not show obvious and identical increase in the accumulation of Cd, compared with single Cd exposure. The accumulation of both Cu and Cd in worms did not increase significantly with the increases in concentrations of Cu or Cd in exposure solutions combined with petroleum （0, 100, and 220μl/L） under the experimental conditions. Although Nereis diversicolor is exposed to very high Cu and Cd in exposure solutions, accumulation and detoxification mechanisms are sufficient to cope with the extra metal influx in order to survive.

关键词： Nereis diversicolor copper cadmium petroleum combined pollution

日本滑雪产业助力乡村振兴的经验与启示——基于共生理论的考察

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唐山师范学院学报 2024年第3期46卷 83-88页

作者：周启星赵志明闽南理工学院体育学院福建泉州362000

为促进乡村振兴,日本积极发展滑雪产业,构建了多元主体共生的产业治理模式。研究发现,多元主体协同治理、“六次产业化”、广域DMO合作框架是日本滑雪产业发展的主要实践内容。运用共生理论分析日本滑雪产业共生框架:政府-非政府组织-... 详细信息

为促进乡村振兴,日本积极发展滑雪产业,构建了多元主体共生的产业治理模式。研究发现,多元主体协同治理、“六次产业化”、广域DMO合作框架是日本滑雪产业发展的主要实践内容。运用共生理论分析日本滑雪产业共生框架:政府-非政府组织-企业构成了基本共生单元,政策-区域-市场构成了日本滑雪产业赖以生存的共生环境,关系-价值-治理共同维护了日本滑雪产业共生模式。由此提出我国乡村滑雪产业发展的建议。

关键词：滑雪产业乡村振兴体育产业日本共生理论

Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos on earthworm Eisenia fetida in phaiozem, northeast China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 741-745页

作者： zhou qi-xing ZHANG qian-ru LIANG Ji-dong Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China College of Energy and Power Engineering Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710049 China

Acetochlor and methamidophos are two important agrochemicals which are widely applied to agricultural production in northeast China. The investigation on the earthworm Eisenia fetida as an important type of soil animals exposed to single and binary-combined contamination of acetochlor and methamidophos was thus carried out. The single toxic effect test showed that the two agrochemicals had their toxicity to the earthworms living in phaiozem. Acetochlor had a stronger acute toxic effect on the earthworms than methamidophos. The mortality of the earthworms exposed to individual acetochlor and methamidophos changed with an increase in the exposure time and the exposed concentrations. The LD50 value of acetochlor and methamidophos toxic to the earthworms was 115.6-275,3 and 29.5-228.6 mg/kg, respectively. The weight of the earthworms was a more sensitive index compared to the mortality in indicating toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos in phaiozem. When considering both the mortality and the body-weight change, the combined pollution of acetochlor and methamidophos in phaiozem resulted in their synergic toxic effects on the earthworms.

关键词： ecological safety earthworm Eiseniafetida acetochlor methamidophos combined pollution soil ecotoxicology

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石油污染从微观修复到生态调控的生态学转变

环境科学 2024年第8期45卷 4967-4979页

作者：李瑞祥杨雪纯王艳芳李田张晓林高藕叶周启星南开大学环境科学与工程学院南开大学碳中和交叉科学中心环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室天津300350 天津博成瑞达环境科技发展有限公司天津300202

石油污染已成为全球较为突出的环境问题,制约了经济与生态环境的协调发展.生物修复虽具备绿色低碳和高效安全等优点,但随着污染的复杂化和严重化,单一的生物修复已难以满足修复目的.而以生物修复为基础的生态修复能够统筹碳中和与生态... 详细信息

石油污染已成为全球较为突出的环境问题,制约了经济与生态环境的协调发展.生物修复虽具备绿色低碳和高效安全等优点,但随着污染的复杂化和严重化,单一的生物修复已难以满足修复目的.而以生物修复为基础的生态修复能够统筹碳中和与生态环境保护,协同推进减污降碳,保证土壤和沉积物履行生态系统服务功能的持续能力,最终实现土壤健康和沉积物健康.因此,从生物修复到生态修复的转变是现阶段环境治理和生态系统维护的最优选择.在此,首先剖析了不同生物修复技术中石油烃微观去除机制,并且从生态学角度探讨了不同生物修复技术的种类及特点.基于此,深入分析了生物修复向生态修复转变的必要性.最后对生态修复发展进行了合理展望,以期为石油污染生态修复的优化提供理论支撑.

关键词：石油污染土壤及沉积物生物修复生态学转变生态修复土壤健康和沉积物健康

Technical Innovation of Land Treatment Systems for Municipal Wastewater in Northeast China

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Pedosphere 2006年第3期16卷 297-303页

作者： zhou qi-xing ZHANG qian-Ru SUN Tie-Heng Shenyang Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Shenyang University Shenyang 110010 （China） College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 （China） Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 （China）

On the basis of ecological principles including holistic optimization, cycling and regeneration, and regional differentiation, land treatment systems (LTSs) for municipal wastewater were continuously explored and updated in the western Shenyang area and the Huolinhe area, China. Intensified pretreatment, addition of a man-made soil filtration layer, and use of an ecologically diversified secondary plant cover were proved to be technically feasible. Hydraulic loading was determined according to the assimilation capacity of soil ecosystems, thus ensuring safe operation of wastewater treatment. This modernized and alternative approach to wastewater treatment had been widely applied in middle-sized and small cities and towns of Northeast China, and these innovative systems in some areas had indicated favorable ecological, social, and economic benefits.

关键词： land treatment system municipal wastewater soil ecosystem soil purification

Single and joint stress of acetochlor and Pb on three agricultural crops in northeast China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第6期19卷 719-724页

作者： CHAO Lei zhou qi-xing CHEN SU CUI Shuang WANG Mei-e Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University lianjin 300071 China

In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. Seeds of the three crops including wheat （Triticum aestivum）, Chinese cabbage （Brassica pekimensis） and soybean （Glycine max） as the main crops in northeast China were exposed to acetochior as a herbicide and lead （Pb） as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil as one of the main soils distributed in northeast China was applied in the investigation. The results indicated that the interactive effects of the two pollutants on root elongation of the three crops were very complicated although they had markedly significant （P〈0.01） linear interrelationships based on the regression analyses. When the concentration of added Pb^2＋ reached 200 mg/kg, acetochlor and Pb had an antagonistic effect on the inhibition of root elongation of the three crops. However, acetochlor and Pb had significantly （P〈0.05） synergic effects on the inhibition of root elongation when concentration of added Pb^2＋ was up to 1000 mg/kg. At the low concentration of added Pb, joint toxicity of acetochlor and Pb was more dependent on the concentration of Pb. Among the three crops, wheat was the most sensitive to the toxicity of Pb and Chinese cabbage was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor.

关键词： acetochlor Pb ecotoxicology joint effect Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekimensis) soybean (Glycine max) wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Influences of phosphate nutritional level on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium and lead in soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第6期18卷 1247-1253页

作者： CHEN Su SUN Tie-heng SUN Li-na zhou qi-xing CHAO Lei Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Key Laboratory of Environment Engineering of Shenyang University Shenyang 100041 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

A pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of phosphate levels on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb） in soil. Spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） was selected as the tested plant. There were 5 phosphate fertilizer（Ca（H2PO4）2） levels including 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg P2O5/kg soil, marked by P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively. CdCl2·2.5H2o and Pb（NO3）2 were added to soil as the following levels： Cd ＋ Pb = 25＋0, 0＋1000, and 25＋1000 mg/kg, marked by T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The results showed that the P fertilizer promoted the dry weight of wheat in all treatments and alleviated the contamination induced by Cd and Pb. With increasing levels of the additional P fertilizer, Cd concentration in different parts （root, haulm, chaffand grain） of wheat decreased at the P1 level at first and then increased. The soluble plus exchangeable （SE） fraction of Cd in soil decreased at the P1 level and then increased from P2 to P4 levels. The moderate P fertilizer reduced the phytoavailability of Cd. The application of P could obviously restrain the uptake of Pb by wheat and there were significantly negative correlations between the levels of P and the uptake of Pb. Phosphorus supply resulted in a decrease in the SE fraction of Pb and there was a significantly negative correlation between the levels of P and the SE fraction of Pb in soil. All the levels of the P fertilizer in this experiment could reduce the phytoavailability of Pb. Thus, it is feasible to apply the P fertilizer （Ca（H2PO4）2） to Pb contaminated soils. However, the levels of P application should be restricted in case that redundant P may increase the phytoavailability of Cd.

关键词： phosphate phytoavailability speciation distribution cadmium lead

Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soilusing tartaric acid

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 727-733页

作者： KE Xin LI Pei-jun zhou qi-xing ZHANG Yun SUN Tie-heng Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Shenyang Agriculture University Shenyang 110161 China

This study reports the feasibility of remediation of a heavy metal （HM） contaminated soil using tartaric acid, an environmentally-friendly extractant. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of the HM contaminated soil. An empirical model was employed to describe the kinetics of riM dissolution/desorption and to predict equilibrium concentrations of HMs in soil leachate. The changes of HMs in different fractions before and after tartaric acid treatment were also investigated. Tartaric acid solution containing HMs was regenerated by chestnut shells. Results show that utilization of tartaric acid was effective for removal of riMs from the contaminated soil, attaining 50%-60% of Cd, 40%-50% of Pb, 40%-50% of Cu and 20%-30% of Zn in the pH range of 3.5-4.0 within 24 h. Mass transfer coefficients for cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） were much higher than those for copper （Cu） and zinc （Zn）. Sequential fractionations of treated and untreated soil samples showed that tartaric acid was effective in removing the exchangeable, carbonate fractions of Cd, Zn and Cu from the contaminated soil. The contents of Pb and Cu in Fe-Mn oxide fraciton were also significantly decreased by tartaric acid treatment. One hundred milliliters of tartaric acid solution containing HMs could be regenerated by 10 g chestnut shells in a batch reactor. Such a remediation procedure indicated that tartaric acid is a promising agent for remediation of HM contaminated soils. However, further research is needed before the method can be practically used for in situ remediation of contaminated sites.

关键词： tartaric acid soil remediation heavy metals soil contamination