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Influence of mixed layer depth on chlorophyll-a concentration in the Southern Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第10期43卷 16-32页

作者： Yuxin Shi Hailong Liu quanan zheng School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters and Climate Resources in the Greater Mekong Subregion Yunnan UniversityKunming 600650China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland at College ParkCollege Park 20742USA

The element iron limitation is one of the crucial factors contributing to high nutrient low chlorophyll in the Southern Ocean(SO).Mixed layer dynamics regulate the availability of iron to *** this paper,we investigate the influence of surface iron supplementation triggered by the mixed layer depth(MLD)variation on chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration in the SO on seasonal and interannual *** analysis is based on the Biogeochemical Southern Ocean State Estimate for the period from 2013 to *** provide a comprehensive and systematic mapping of the regions within the SO,where Chl-a is affected by iron input related to MLD *** relationship between the MLD and the Chl-a varies with the latitude on the seasonal time *** the MLD and sea ice melting affect the distribution of *** the interannual scale,iron supply due to MLD deepening occurs primarily north of 60°*** advection-induced entrainment enhances the surface iron input during the austral summer,which favors Chl-a *** addition to the MLD,the melting of sea ice and cooling of the sea surface can also alter iron input and subsequently affect Chl-a distribution in the austral *** the austral winter,entrainment can boost iron stocks,stimulating a subsequent spring increase of Chl-a in the ***,sea surface temperature declines during the austral winter,promoting an increased iron supply and creating favorable conditions for the subsequent spring Chl-a increase in the SO.

关键词： mixed layer depth entrainment chlorophyll-a concentration Southern Ocean

Subthermocline eddies carrying the Indonesian Throughflow water observed in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第5期42卷 1-13页

作者： Guangbing Yang quanan zheng Xuejun Xiong First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical ModelingMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Qingdao 266061China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of MarylandCollege Park 20742USA

We observed a subthermocline eddy(STE)with a cold and fresh core during an observation cruise along a transect of 10°S in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean(SETIO)in December *** vertical scale,speed radius,and maximum swirl velocity of the STE were about 200 m,55 km,and 0.5 m/s,*** mean Rossby number and Burger number of the STE were then estimated to be about−0.7 and 2.4,indicating the STE was a submesoscale coherent *** STE core water had characteristics of the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF)water and was distinct from that of surrounding *** examining Argo float data,another STE was well captured by five successive profiles of the same Argo *** STEs showed significant temperature and salinity anomalies at theσ0=26.0-26.5 kg/m3 *** the assumption that the low-salinity ITF water parcels could be carried only by surface eddies and the STEs,the Argo profiles,which detected low-salinity ITF water and were located outside a surface eddy,were believed to be inside an STE and were used to analyze the distribution,origin,and generation mechanism of the *** results suggested that the STEs carrying ITF water may be generated under topography-current interaction at the eastern coastal waters or under front-induced subduction in the area away from coastal *** STEs may be widely distributed in the SETIO and may play a role in ITF water parcel transport.

关键词： subthermocline eddy southeastern tropical Indian Ocean Indonesian Throughflow submesoscale coherent vortex

Responses of the Southern Ocean mixed layer depth to the eastern and central Pacific El Niño events during austral winter

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第7期43卷 1-14页

作者： Yuxin Shi Hailong Liu Xidong Wang quanan zheng School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters and Climate Resources in the Greater Mekong Subregion Yunnan UniversityKunming 600650China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland at College ParkCollege Park 20742USA

Based on the Ocean Reanalysis System version 5(ORAS5)and the fifth-generation reanalysis datasets derived from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5),we investigate the different impacts of the central Pacific(CP)El Niño and the eastern Pacific(EP)El Niño on the Southern Ocean(SO)mixed layer depth(MLD)during austral *** MLD response to the EP El Niño shows a dipole pattern in the South Pacific,namely the MLD dipole,which is the leading El Niño-induced MLD variability in the *** tropical Pacific warm sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)signal associated with the EP El Niño excites a Rossby wave train propagating southeastward and then enhances the Amundsen Sea low(ASL).This results in an anomalous cyclone over the Amundsen *** a result,the anomalous southerly wind to the west of this anomalous cyclone advects colder and drier air into the southeast of New Zealand,leading to surface cooling through less total surface heat flux,especially surface sensible heat(SH)flux and latent heat(LH)flux,and thus contributing to the mix layer(ML)*** east of the anomalous cyclone brings warmer and wetter air to the southwest of Chile,but the total heat flux anomaly shows no significant *** warm air promotes the sea ice melting and maintains fresh water,which strengthens *** results in a shallower *** the CP El Niño,the response of MLD shows a separate negative MLD anomaly center in the central South *** Rossby wave train triggered by the warm SSTA in the central Pacific Ocean spreads to the Amundsen Sea,which weakens the ***,the anomalous anticyclone dominates the Amundsen ***,the anomalous northerly wind to the west of anomalous anticyclone advects warmer and wetter air into the central and southern Pacific,causing surface warming through increased SH,LH,and longwave radiation flux,and thus contributing to the ML ***,to the east of the anomalous anticyclone,there is n

关键词： Southern Ocean mixed layer depth Central Pacific El Niño Eastern Pacific El Niño Rossby wave train

Comparison of typhoon-induced near-inertial oscillations in shear flow in the northern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第11期34卷 38-45页

作者： SUN Zhenyu HU Jianyu zheng quanan GAN Jianping State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park Department of Mathematics and Division of Environment Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

With moorings equipped with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers （ADCP） in the northern South China Sea （SCS） in 2008 and 2009, we observed three near-inertial oscillation （NIO） events coded 2008a, 2009a and 2009b induced by passages of typhoons or tropical storms. This study compares characteristics of the three NIO events. Event 2008a was the strongest one among the three, and had the longest sustaining period （15 d）, while events 2009a and 2009b sustained for only 4 and 8 d, respectively. The three events were distinguished by vertical energy distribution and phase propagation. As for the frequency shift of the NIO, event 2008a had a peak frequency lower than the local Coriolis frequency （red-shift）, while events 2009a and 2009b showed blue-shift. The behavior of individual NIO event is jointly decided by the typhoon disturbance and the background ocean condition. Especially the background flow plays an important role by effects of advection and modulation. The results in this study provide observational evidence of variational NIO response to background flow field. As indicated by the distribution of vorticity and effective Coriolis frequency derived from numerical modeling, the large amplitude and elongated sustaining period of event 2008a were attributed to the waveguide effect of the background shear flow. This effect redistributed the NIO energy after the typhoon passage, absorbed incident waves and trapped energy in the area of the negative vorticity. While the background flow during events 2009a and 2009b did not have such effects due to the near-zero vorticity in the mooring area.

关键词： near-inertial oscillation typhoon northern South China Sea

A case study of a Kuroshio main path cut-off event and impacts on the South China Sea in fall-winter 2013–2014

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第4期38卷 12-19页

作者： quanan zheng Chung-Ru Ho Lingling Xie Mingming Li Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variability and Disaster Prediction Guangdong Ocean University Department of Marine Environmental Informatics National Taiwan Ocean University

This study examines a Kuroshio main path(KMP) cut-off event east of Taiwan Island occurred in fall-winter2013–2014 and its impacts on the South China Sea(SCS) by analyzing satellite altimetry and mooring observations. Satellite altimeter sea level anomaly(SLA) images reveal a complete process that a huge cyclonic eddy(CE) from the Pacific collided with the Kuroshio and the western boundary from 15 October 2013 to 15 January 2014. Mooring observations evidenced that the Kuroshio upper ocean volume transport was cut off more than 82% from 17×106 m^3/s in September to 3×106 m^3/s in November 2013. The KMP cut-off event caused the Kuroshio branching and intruding into the SCS and strengthened the eddy kinetic energy in the northern SCS west of the Luzon Strait. Using the total momentum as a dynamic criterion to determine the role of eddy collision with the Kuroshio reasonably explains the KMP cut-off event.

关键词： KMP cut-off event eddy kinetic energy dynamic criterion South China Sea

Advances in interscale and interdisciplinary approaches to the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第11期40卷 196-199页

作者： Lingling Xie Yi Guan Jianyu Hu quanan zheng Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction College of Ocean and MeteorologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Key Laboratory of Climate Resources and Environments in Continent Shelf Sea and Deep OceanZhanjiang 524088China Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Applications Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of MarylandCollege Park 20742USA

The South China Sea(SCS)connects the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean,and acts as an important part in regional and global climate systems(e.g.,Qu et al.,2009;Wang et al.,2009).Multi-scale dynamic and biogeochemical processes in the SCS,comprising a hot spot in marginal sea studies,have attracted great attentions from researchers(e.g.,Chen et al.,2020;Hu et al.,2020).The South China Sea Annual Meeting(SCSAM)2021,recently held on October 22–24 in Zhanjiang,China,focused on academic exchanges of the newly research results and progresses in the interdisciplinary multi-scale processes in the *** SCSAM 2021 is the eighth international workshop of the series,which started in April 2013(Zhu,2013)and renamed as SCSAM in *** were 90 oral presentations and 57 posters in the meeting this year,which attracted attentions of more than 2000 audiences both on line and on *** short article summaries the cutting-edge advances in interscale and interdisciplinary approaches to the SCS from the meeting presentations and the associated research.

关键词： South Indian marginal

Progress in research of submesoscale processes in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第1期39卷 1-13页

作者： quanan zheng Lingling Xie Xuejun Xiong Xiaomin Hu Liang Chen Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of MarylandCollege Park 27042USA Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variability and Disaster Prediction Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang) Zhanjiang 524025China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

This paper overviews research progress in observation, theoretical analysis and numerical modeling of submesoscale dynamic processes in the South China Sea(SCS) particularly during recent five years. The submesoscale processes are defined according to both spatial and dynamic scales, and divided into four subcategories as submesoscale waves, submesoscale vortexes, submesoscale shelf processes, and submesoscale turbulence. The major new findings are as follows.(1) Systematic mooring observations provide new insights into the solitary waves(ISWs) and the typhoon-forced near-inertial waves(NIWs), of which a new type of ISWs with period of 23 h was observed in the northern SCS(NSCS), and the influences of background vorticity, summer monsoon onset, and deep meridional overturning circulation on the NIWs, as well as nonlinear wave-wave interaction between the NIWs and internal tides, are better understood. On the other hand, satellite altimeter sea surface height data are used to reveal the internal tide radiation patterns and provide solid evidence for that the ISWs in the northeastern SCS originate from the Luzon Strait.(2) Submesoscale offshore jets and associated vortex trains off the Vietnam coast in the western boundary of the SCS were observed from satellite chlorophyll concentration images. Spiral trains with the horizontal scale of 15–30 km and the spacing of 50–80 km were identified.(3) 3-D vertical circulation in the upwelling region east of Hainan Island was theoretically analyzed. The results show that distribution patterns of all the dynamic terms are featured by wave-like structures with horizontal wavelength scale of 20–40 km.(4) Numerical models have been used for the research of submesoscale turbulence. Submesoscale vertical pump of an anticyclonic eddy and the spatiotemporal features of submesoscale processes in the northeastern SCS are well modeled.

关键词： submesoscale processes internal waves fronts and jets submesoscale turbulence South China Sea

Oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and spiral vortex

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第4期29卷 1-2页

作者： zheng quanan ZHAO Qing Nan Walker LI Chunyan Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland USA The College of Resources and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University China Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University USA

Drilling rig Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico, leased by BP PLC from Transocean Ltd., exploded and caught on fire on April 20, 2010. The drilling location is at some 50 miles （80 kilometers） off the coast of Louisiana, USA. The rig sank on April 22. Since then, oil has been pouring into the Gulf from the blown-out undersea well.

关键词： Drilling equipment Gulf of Mexico Mexico Mexico (Province) Mexico (Federal District) Uses Wells Barrels Lubrication Oils

Ocean and climate sciences taking grand challenges and extraordinary opportunities:introduction to COAA 2007 special sections

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第3期27卷 1-3页

作者： zheng quanan QIAO Fangli YANG Shi-Keng Division of Ocean Sciences National Science Foundation Arlington VA 22230 USA Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling of State Oceanic Administration First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China WIS/Climate Prediction Center NOAA NCEP 5200 Auth Road Camp Springs MD 20746 USA

In this universe, the earth is a unique breeding ground for living beings. It bares the evolutions, sustains the survival and enriches the development of human species. The studies of history have indicated that minute changes of the earth＇ s environment may have caused great impacts on the vulnerable balanced ecological systems, endanger the living conditions for human beings and associated cultures. Thus, understanding the nature＇s governing rules of the earth, and clarifying its fundamental laws of sciences are everlasting research topics for the human pursuits.

关键词： Ocean climate COAA