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Neural stem cells promote neuroplasticity: a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 619-628页

作者： Jun Chang Yujiao Li Xiaoqian Shan Xi Chen Xuhe Yan Jianwei Liu lan zhao First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine TianjinChina National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion TianjinChina Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine TianjinChina

Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroplasticity,such as synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis,exists throughout the normal lifespan but declines with age and is significantly impaired in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.Hence,promoting neuroplasticity may represent an effective strategy with which Alzheimer’s disease can be alleviated.Due to their significant ability to self-renew,differentiate,and migrate,neural stem cells play an essential role in reversing synaptic and neuronal damage,reducing the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease,including amyloid-β,tau protein,and neuroinflammation,and secreting neurotrophic factors and growth factors that are related to plasticity.These events can promote synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis to repair the microenvironment of the mammalian brain.Consequently,neural stem cells are considered to represent a potential regenerative therapy with which to improve Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.In this review,we discuss how neural stem cells regulate neuroplasticity and optimize their effects to enhance their potential for treating Alzheimer’s disease in the clinic.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β cell therapy extracellular vesicle neural stem cell synaptic plasticity tau

Cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin-A receptor: An attractive treatment strategy for biliary dyskinesia?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 283-285页

作者： Jun Chang Yan Liu Ting-Can Jiang lan zhao Jian-Wei Liu Tianjin Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300381China Department of Gastroenterology Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Nankai HospitalTianjin 300100China State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China School of Integrative Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China

Biliary dyskinesia is a relatively common gastrointestinal disease that is increas-ing in incidence as living standards improve.However,its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,hindering the development of therapeutic drugs.Recently,“Expression and functional study of cholecystokinin-A receptors on the interstitial Cajal-like cells of the guinea pig common bile duct”demonstrated that cholecystokinin(CCK)regulates the contractile function of the common bile duct through interaction with the CCK-A receptor in interstitial Cajal-like cells,contributing to improving the academic understanding of biliary tract dynamics and providing emerging directions for the pathogenesis and clinical management of biliary dyskinesia.This letter provides a brief overview of the role of CCK and CCK-A receptors in biliary dyskinesia from the perspective of animal experiments and clinical studies,and discusses prospects and challenges for the clinical application of CCK and CCK-A receptors as potential therapeutic targets.

关键词： Cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin-A receptor Biliary dyskinesia Interstitial Cajal-like cell Therapeutic target

Lung adenocarcinoma with initial binocular symptoms

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 982-984页

作者： Xiao-lan zhao Yan-Qing Jiang Zhen Yang Chao-Qun Liu Xiao-Li Yang Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina

Dear Editor,Lung adenocarcinoma with choroidal metastasis is a common form of cancer,with breast cancer accounting for 40%-53%and lung cancer accounting for 20%-29%of primary cases with choroidal metastases[1].This type of metastatic cancer typically affects people aged 40-70y,and is more prevalent in women than men[1].Ocular symptoms,including vision loss,can be an early indication of the disease,as many tumors are asymptomatic in their early stages.Studies have shown that 40.3%of cases involve the macular region,which explains why ocular symptoms are often the first manifestation of the disease[2].When choroidal metastasis is suspected in patients without a history of cancer,a combination of diagnostic tools should be used to identify the primary source of the tumor.Choroidal tumors can serve as an indication of future lung cancer diagnosis in some patients with lung cancer[1].In this report,we present a case of bilateral lung adenocarcinoma where ocular symptoms were the first indication of the disease.

关键词： Lung symptoms adenocarcinoma

Resurvey After 20 Years:Updating the Distribution,Population,and Potential Threats of the Chinting Alpine Toad

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第2期15卷 73-81页

作者： Yuezheng FAN Qingfeng CHEN Yuwen CHENG Kaicheng TANG Ling SUN Yonghao HUANG lan zhao Dong LIANG Xiaoyi WANG Junhua HU Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The State-owned Forest Farm of Hongya County Meishan 620360SichuanChina Sichuan Mt.Emei Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Leshan 614201SichuanChina

Considering the increased anthropogenic impacts,species with a limited range and low detectability often lack fundamental information and conservation actions,placing them at a high risk of endangerment.The Chinting alpine toad Scutiger chintingensis is a rare mountain amphibian endemic to the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in China.Within its whole distribution range,only three known populations(Wolong,Emei,and Wawu)exist and no recent population status report has been documented for this species over the past two decades.From 2020 to 2023,we investigated the species distribution,and assessed the risk factors for the main populations.We recorded this species in all distribution areas,and updated a new distribution site with a lower elevation limit.The relative population density was 0.024±0.012 ind./m^(2)on Mount Emei,whereas only 0.008±0.017 ind./m^(2)on Mount Wawu.No significant difference was observed in the number of individuals between the two populations;however,the relative population density was significantly different.Sewage and waste discharge resulting from the construction of scenic areas,as well as disturbances from tourism,were the primary anthropogenic factors that influenced the survival of this species.Our results provide the updated information on the distribution and population status of the Chinting alpine toad,and suggest that unrecorded populations,as well as a wider elevation range,may exist for this species.Our findings emphasise the importance of timely updates of species distribution and population information and offer a basis for the future conservation of endangered amphibians.

关键词： distribution endemic amphibian population size Scutiger chintingensis threat factor

Dynamic foraging strategy adaptation to heterogeneous environments contributes to social aggregation in snub-nosed monkeys

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 39-54页

作者： lan zhao Sheng-Nan Ji Xiao-Bing Du Jia-Hui Liu Bo-Lun Zhang Pei-Hua Li Yi-Jun Yang Bao-Guo Li Yan-Qing Guo Xiao-Guang Qi College of Life Sciences Northwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The dynamics of animal social structures are heavily influenced by environmental patterns of competition and cooperation.In folivorous colobine primates,prevailing theories suggest that larger group sizes should be favored in rainforests with a year-round abundance of food,thereby reducing feeding competition.Yet,paradoxically,larger groups are frequently found in high-altitude or high-latitude montane ecosystems characterized by a seasonal scarcity of leaves.This contradiction is posited to arise from cooperative benefits in heterogeneous environments.To investigate this hypothesis,we carried out a six-year field study on two neighboring groups of golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana),a species representing the northernmost distribution of colobine primates.Results showed that the groups adjusted their movement and habitat selection in response to fluctuating climates and spatiotemporal variability of resources,indicative of a dynamic foraging strategy.Notably,during the cold,resource-scarce conditions in winter,the large group occupied food-rich habitats but did not exhibit significantly longer daily travel distances than the smaller neighboring group.Subsequently,we compiled an eco-behavioral dataset of 52 colobine species to explore their evolutionary trajectories.Analysis of this dataset suggested that the increase in group size may have evolved via home range expansion in response to the cold and heterogeneous climates found at higher altitudes or latitudes.Hence,we developed a multi-benefits framework to interpret the formation of larger groups by integrating environmental heterogeneity.In cold and diverse environments,even smaller groups require larger home ranges to meet their dynamic survival needs.The spatiotemporal distribution of high-quality resources within these expanded home ranges facilitates more frequent interactions between groups,thereby encouraging social aggregation into larger groups.This process enhances the benefits of collaborative actions and reproductive opportunities,whi

关键词： Social evolution Folivore paradox MLS Rhinopithecus roxellana Multi-benefits framework

教师工作负荷的生成机理、异化表征及调治向度——基于罗萨“社会加速及共鸣理论”的分析

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东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版） 2024年第1期 52-59页

作者：赵岚李燕东北师范大学教育学部吉林长春130024

本文依托法兰克福学派新一代领军人——哈特穆特·罗萨(Hartmut Rosa)提出的“社会加速及共鸣理论”,从社会母系统的运转现实关怀到教育子系统的生态现状,审视了学校场域内更微观组织单元“中小学教师群体”的工作负荷问题。在社会大“... 详细信息

本文依托法兰克福学派新一代领军人——哈特穆特·罗萨(Hartmut Rosa)提出的“社会加速及共鸣理论”,从社会母系统的运转现实关怀到教育子系统的生态现状,审视了学校场域内更微观组织单元“中小学教师群体”的工作负荷问题。在社会大“提升逻辑”下,中小学教师工作负荷的生成呈现三重逻辑——“竞争逻辑、效率逻辑、功利逻辑”;其现实表现为五种“异化表征”——“时间异化、空间异化、权责异化、行动异化、情感异化”。为找到教师工作负荷的有效调节之法,平衡教师工作的工具价值与理想价值,需探寻我国中小学教师与“工作环境、自我身心、职业角色”之间共鸣关系的建立。

关键词：教师工作负荷生成机理异化表征调治向度社会加速及共鸣理论

欧洲高校人文社科类拔尖创新人才培养模式与启示

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中国考试 2024年第6期 22-32页

作者：赵岚陈恩西东北师范大学长春130024

人文社科类拔尖创新人才既是创新的推动者也是引领者,其培养与选拔是建设创新型国家的关键。欧洲高校在培养人文社科类拔尖创新人才方面积累了丰富经验,通过多元融合的课程体系、探究-创新型教学模式、自主学习模式、双元培养机制和协... 详细信息

人文社科类拔尖创新人才既是创新的推动者也是引领者,其培养与选拔是建设创新型国家的关键。欧洲高校在培养人文社科类拔尖创新人才方面积累了丰富经验,通过多元融合的课程体系、探究-创新型教学模式、自主学习模式、双元培养机制和协同实践平台等做法,成功培养了大批创新人才。其培养模式呈现出未来导向、学研融合、校内外协同和培养质量保障体系纵横贯通等特点。借鉴欧洲高校的经验,我国应从制定人才选拔标准、构建人才培养生态、创设多学科学习平台、加强国际交流合作、建设评估体系五方面着手,构建具有中国特色的高质量人文社科类拔尖创新人才选拔与培养体系。

关键词：拔尖创新人才欧洲高校人文社科类人才培养模式

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三维可变形圆化多面体离散单元法

岩土力学 2024年第3期45卷 908-916页

作者：毛佳余健坤邵琳玉赵兰浩河海大学水利水电学院江苏南京210098

为真实模拟岩体的变形特性与运动形态,将圆化多面体离散元法与有限单元法结合,提出一种三维可变形圆化多面体离散单元法。该方法既能真实表征块体的不规则特征,又降低了接触判断的难度,同时能准确反映块体的变形特性。在求解切向接触力... 详细信息

为真实模拟岩体的变形特性与运动形态,将圆化多面体离散元法与有限单元法结合,提出一种三维可变形圆化多面体离散单元法。该方法既能真实表征块体的不规则特征,又降低了接触判断的难度,同时能准确反映块体的变形特性。在求解切向接触力时,将接触判断对象从接触对简化为单元整体,显著提高了计算效率。为分析块体变形特性,在块体离散单元内部划分有限元网格,将最外层有限元网格作为最小接触单元。采用直接平均法,将接触力转化为等效节点力,并采用非线性有限单元法实现对单元变形特性的精确模拟,克服了圆化多面体无法反映单元变形的缺陷。通过5个算例论证了新方法在捕捉单元变形、运动形态以及其力学特征等方面的准确性和高效性。

关键词：圆化多面体离散单元法有限元法可变形单元等效节点力

Behavior of exciton in direct−indirect band gap Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As crystal lattice quantum wells

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第3期45卷 64-70页

作者： Yong Sun Wei Zhang Shuang Han Ran An Xin-Sheng Tang Xin-Lei Yu Xiu-Juan Miao Xin-Jun Ma Xianglian Pei-Fang Li Cui-lan zhao zhao-Hua Ding Jing-Lin Xiao Institute of Condensed Matter Physics Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao 028043China College of Physics and Electronic Information Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao 028043China

Excitons have significant impacts on the properties of semiconductors.They exhibit significantly different properties when a direct semiconductor turns in to an indirect one by doping.Huybrecht variational method is also found to influence the study of exciton ground state energy and ground state binding energy in Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As semiconductor spherical quantum dots.The Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As is considered to be a direct semiconductor at AI concentration below 0.45,and an indirect one at the concentration above 0.45.With regards to the former,the ground state binding energy increases and decreases with AI concentration and eigenfrequency,respectively;however,while the ground state energy increases with AI concentration,it is marginally influenced by eigenfrequency.On the other hand,considering the latter,while the ground state binding energy increases with AI concentration,it decreases with eigenfrequency;nevertheless,the ground state energy increases both with AI concentration and eigenfrequency.Hence,for the better practical performance of the semiconductors,the properties of the excitons are suggested to vary by adjusting AI concentration and eigenfrequency.

关键词： exciton effects aluminum gallium arsenide crystal direct band gap semiconductor indirect band gap semiconductor