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Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere:A systematic survey using the CSES satellite

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1879-1892页

作者： MA ZhenHui zhao shufan LIAO Li SHEN XuHui LU HengXin School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing100085China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100081China

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation(PLR)at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by CSES satellite between January 2019 and December *** study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors,including solar radiation,lightning activity,and try to clarify the influence of electricity *** results show that the solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F10.7)plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate,and that there is no direct connection with the number of *** the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption,the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the ***,there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period,suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two *** excluding the effect of solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate,we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit ***,we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

关键词： CSES satellite power line radiation occurrence rate solar radiation lightning activity electricity consumption

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主旨、特质、价值:习近平文化思想的核心理念论析

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安徽乡村振兴研究 2024年第4期3卷 1-11页

作者：刘建亚赵淑帆中南大学马克思主义学院湖南长沙410083

习近平文化思想是新时代文化建设的实践成果,也是新时代文化思想精髓的理论升华。领会习近平文化思想的核心要旨,要对其理论主旨、鲜明特质和实践价值彰显进行综合探析与深入思考。习近平文化思想理论主旨明确,诠释了新时代文化建设的... 详细信息

习近平文化思想是新时代文化建设的实践成果,也是新时代文化思想精髓的理论升华。领会习近平文化思想的核心要旨,要对其理论主旨、鲜明特质和实践价值彰显进行综合探析与深入思考。习近平文化思想理论主旨明确,诠释了新时代文化建设的指导思想、基本原则、思维方法、崇高使命;习近平文化思想特质鲜明,实现了“明体”与“达用”融会贯通、“魂脉”与“根脉”有机结合、“返本”与“开新”统筹兼顾、“党性”与“人民性”共融共生、“民族性”与“世界性”兼收并蓄;习近平文化思想价值意蕴深厚,继承和发展了马克思主义文化理论,为新时代建设社会主义文化强国擘画了宏伟蓝图,为世界文化交流互鉴贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。

关键词：习近平文化思想中华文化新时代文化建设人民性民族性

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Detecting seismic electromagnetic ELF anomalies associated with the 2010 Yushu earthquake in China by DEMETER observations and ELF Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling propagating model

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第4期66卷 1192-1202页

作者： LIAO Li zhao shufan SHEN XuHui ZEREN ZhiMa PENG HuaiYun LU HengXin Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation Qingdao 266107China

Over the last century,abnormal electromagnetic(EM)emissions associated with earthquake(EQ)activities have been widely reported and recorded by ground-based and satellite ***,the frequency at which abnormal EM emissions have been detected *** addition,whether low Earth orbit(LEO)satellites can detect EM anomalies from EQs remains *** this paper,we take the Yushu earthquake as an example to address these concerns by DEMETER satellite observations and a newly constructed lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere model of extremely low frequency(ELF)wave *** results illustrate that the frequency of ELF EM anomalies of the Yushu earthquake is mainly at 200–400 *** observations and simulations illustrate that the power-frequency curve of the ELF EM wave from an underground source has a peak power frequency at 200–400 Hz,which is significantly different from the ELF EM wave radiated from the ground source.

关键词： seismic electromagnetic anomalies extremely low frequency(ELF)wave low Earth orbit(LEO)satellites lithosphereatmosphere-ionospheremodel

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Stability validation on the VLF waveform data of the China-Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 3069-3078页

作者： YANG DeHe ZHIMA ZeRen WANG Qiao HUANG JianPing WANG XiuYing ZHANG ZhenXia zhao shufan GUO Feng CHENG WanLi LU HengXin SHEN XuHui National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China Henan Earthquake Agency Zhengzhou 450016China

The China-Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES),which was launched in February 2018,carries the search coil magnetometer(SCM)and the electric field detector(EFD)to realize the high-resolution electromagnetic field and wave detection in the upper *** to the complexity and variability of the ionospheric environment,the stability of such a high sampling rate and high-precision electromagnetic field detection systems is always an essential link in data processing and the scientific application of *** work evaluates the stability of the very-low-frequency(VLF)band detection by validating the systemic sampling-time differences between SCM and EFD in the VLF burst-mode *** optimal waveform data preprocessing method is put forward according to the noise levels of the VLF burst-mode observation and the inherent design characteristics of *** VLF waveform data of EFD is rebuilt by filling the data gaps among the sampling sub-periods,making it with a similar sample length to *** by precisely intercepting the maximum and minimum values of the burst-mode waveforms,the variation of the sampling-time difference between EFD and SCM is statistically *** show that during the three years'operation,the sampling-time difference between EFD and SCM predominately keeps below 0.5 s,indicating good stability of EFD and SCM on *** we developed an automatic synchronization tool based on the similarity function and STA/LTA(short time average over long time average)characteristic *** tool can effectively realize the precise synchronization between SCM and EFD in the VLF burst-mode *** work is helpful to upgrade the data quality of CSES and provides technical support for electromagnetic wave propagation studies.

关键词： stability CSES EFD SCM sampling-time difference quasiperiodic waves

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A lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling model for ELF electromagnetic waves radiated from seismic sources and its possibility observed by the CSES

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第11期64卷 2551-2559页

作者： zhao shufan SHEN XuHui LIAO Li ZEREN ZhiMa National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Over the last century, abnormal electromagnetic(EM) emissions associated with earthquake(EQ) activities have been widely reported and recorded by ground-based and satellite observations. The mechanism of extremely low-frequency(ELF) EM waves radiated from earthquakes has been gradually established. However, whether EM waves radiated from earthquakes can be detected by low Earth orbit(LEO) satellites remains controversial. In this paper, to address these concerns, a lithosphereatmosphere-ionosphere model of ELF wave propagation is constructed. The features of the simulated EM field at LEO satellite altitudes radiated from earthquakes have been studied. The simulated EM field at the altitude of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) is compared with the sensitivity of electromagnetic(EM) sensors onboard the CSES. The results illustrate that an earthquake with a magnitude over 6.0 can be detected by the EM sensors of the CSES. However, this depends on the focal depth, seismogenic environment and ionospheric parameters.

关键词： earthquakes CSES satellite sensitivity trans-lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere ELF wave propagation model

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Cross-calibration on the electromagnetic field detection payloads of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第6期65卷 1415-1426页

作者： ZHIMA Zeren ZHOU Bin zhao shufan WANG Qiao HUANG JianPing ZENG Li LEI JunGang CHEN Yu LI Cheng YANG DeHe SUN XiaoYing MIAO YuanQing ZHU XingHong SHEN XuHui National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency ManagementBeijing 100081 China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Lanzhou Institute of Physics China Aerospace Science and TechnologyGansu 730000China Aerospace Dongfanghong Satellite Co. Ltd.Beijing 572699China

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES)deploys three payloads to detect the electromagnetic environment in the *** tri-axial fluxgate magnetometers(FGM),as part of the high precision magnetometer(HPM),measures the Earth magnetic vector field in a frequency range from direct current(DC)to 15 *** tri-axial search coil magnetometer(SCM)detects the alternating current(AC)related magnetic field in a frequency range from several Hz to 20 k Hz,and the electric field detector(EFD)measures the spatial electric field in a broad frequency band from DC to 3.5 *** work mainly crosscalibrates the consistency of these three payloads in their overlapped detection frequency range and firstly evaluates CSES’s timing system and the sampling time differences between EFD and SCM.A sampling time synchronization method for EFD and SCM waveform data is put *** consistency between FGM and SCM in the ultra-low-frequency(ULF)range is validated by using the magnetic torque(MT)signal as a reference.A natural quasiperiodic electromagnetic wave event verifies SCM and EFD’s consistency in extremely low-frequency and very low-frequency(ELF/VLF)*** cross-calibration work is helpful to upgrade the data quality of CSES and brings valuable insights to similar electromagnetic detection solutions by low earth orbit satellites.

关键词： CSES cross-calibration HPM EFD SCM sampling time synchronization detection consistency ULF/ELF/VLF

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Penetration characteristics of VLF wave from atmosphere into lower ionosphere

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Earthquake Science 2010年第3期23卷 275-281页

作者： shufan zhao Xuhui Shen Weiyan Pan Xuemin Zhang Li Liao Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China Qingdao Branch China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation Qingdao 266107 China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China

The factors affecting the reflection and transmission coefficient of the ionosphere have been *** factors include wave frequency,incident angle,geomagnetic inclination,electron density and collision frequency in the *** ionosphere refractive index is also *** ionosphere above 70 km is considered to be homogeneous and anisotropic,and the reflection and transmission coefficient matrix is calculated using matrix *** the Booker quartic equation is solved to get the refractive index in the *** results show that when the wave frequency is higher,it is easier to penetrate into the ionosphere from its bottom boundary and the propagation attenuation in the ionosphere is ***（traverse electric） wave and TM（traverse magnetic） wave can both penetrate into the ionosphere with a small incident angle,while TE wave can hardly transmit into the ionosphere when the incident angle is *** transmission coefficient decreases as the geomagnetic inclination *** and TM wave cannot penetrate into the ionosphere at magnetic *** the electron collision frequency is higher,it is easier for VLF wave to penetrate into the ionosphere and the attenuation of ordinary wave is weaker,which may be caused by the energy transportation between the waves and the *** ordinary（O） wave experiences severer attenuation than extraordinary（X） wave,and X wave is a penetration mode whereas O wave is a non-penetration mode in the *** the results indicate that VLF wave with higher frequency is easier to penetrate into the ionosphere and to be recorded by the satellites at high *** is hard for ULF and the lower frequency VLF wave to transmit into the ionosphere directly for the severe reflection and *** may transmit into the ionosphere with a small incident angle due to the nonlinear effect,for example,the interaction between the waves and the particles or cross modulation,and then propagate

关键词： VLF wave low ionosphere reflection coefficient transmission coefficient refractive index

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Progress and development on multi-parameters remote sensing application in earthquake monitoring in China

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Earthquake Science 2013年第6期26卷 427-437页

作者： Xuhui Shen Xuemin Zhang Shunying Hong Feng Jing shufan zhao Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration

In this paper, the progress and development on remote sensing technology applied in earthquake monitoring research are summarized, such as differential interference synthetic aperture radar （D-InSAR）, infrared remote sensing, and seismo-ionospheric detecting. Many new monitoring data in this domain have been used, and new data processing methods have been developed to obtain high-precision images about crustal deformation, outgoing longwave radiation （OLR）, surface latent heat flux （SLHF）, and ionospheric parameters. The development in monitoring technology and data processing technique largely enriches earthquake research information and provides new tools for earthquake stereoscope monitoring system, especially on the space part. Finally, new developing trend in this area was introduced, and some key problems in future work were pointed out.

关键词： Remote sensing monitoring D-InSAR Infrared remote sensing Seismo-ionospheric detecting

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Ionospheric electromagnetic perturbations observed on DEMETER satellite before Chile M7.9 earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2009年第3期22卷 251-255页

作者： Xuemin Zhang Jiadong Qian Xinyan Ouyang Xuhui Shen Jin'an Cai shufan zhao Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China

Based on the ionospheric electromagnetic data observed on DEMETER satellite of France, the ionospheric electromagnetic signals were analyzed within 10 days before Chile M7.9 earthquake on November 14, 2007. It is found that, low frequency electromagnetic disturbances began to increase in a large scale of latitude, and reached to a maximum one week prior to the earthquake, and at about three days before the quake, the peak values shifted to lower latitude. Taking three days as a group, spatial images of a few parameters were analyzed, from which it can be seen during the five days prior to this earthquake, the amplitude and scale of anomalies are enlarged, while the epicenter is located at the boundary of anomalous region. The anomalous tempo-spatial variation in electron density prior to the earthquake were also obtained in terms of tracing the data from revisited orbits in half a year prior to the quake.

关键词： DEMETER satellite ionosphere electromagnetic disturbance electron density

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The first joint experimental results between SURA and CSES

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2018年第6期2卷 527-537页

作者： XueMin Zhang Vladimir Frolov shufan zhao Chen Zhou YaLu Wang Alexander Ryabov DuLin Zhai Institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China Radiophysical Research Institute Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Russia Department of Space Physics School of Electronic Information Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Kazan Federal University Kazan 420008 Russia

In June 2018, for the first time, the SURA heating facility in Russia, together with the in-orbit China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), carried out a series of experiments in emitting high frequency(HF) O-mode radio waves to disturb the ionosphere. This paper reports data from those experiments, collected onboard CSES, including electric field, in-situ plasma parameters, and energetic particle flux. Five cases are analyzed, two cases in local daytime and three in local nighttime. We find that the pumping wave frequencies f_0 in local daytime were close to the critical frequency of the F_2 layer f_oF_2, but no pumping waves were detected by the electric field detector(EFD) on CSES even when the emitted power reached 90 MW, and no obvious plasma disturbances were observed from CSES in those two daytime cases. But on June 16, there existed a spread F phenomena when f_0 was lower than f_oF_2 at that local daytime *** the three cases in local nighttime, the pumping waves were clearly distinguished in the HF-band electric field at the emitted frequency with the emitted power only 30 MW; the power spectrum density of the electric field was larger by an order of magnitude than the normal background, with the propagating radius exceeding 200 km. Due to the small f_oF_2 over SURA in June at that local nighttime period, f_0 in these three cases were significantly higher than f_oF_2, all belonging to under-dense heating conditions. As for the plasma parameters, only an increase of about 100 K in ion temperature was observed on June 12; in the other two cases(with one orbit without plasma data on June 17), no obvious plasma disturbances were found. This first joint SURA-CSES experiment illustrates that the present orbit of CSES can cross quite close to the SURA facility, which can insure an effective heating time from SURA so that CSES can observe the perturbations at the topside ionosphere excited by SURA in the near region. The detection of plasma disturbance

关键词： CSES satellite SURA ionospheric perturbations electric field HF pumping wave

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