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Reso.rce and Enviro.mental Quality Changes and Adjustment p.incip.es fo. Sustainable Develo.0}ent in Rap.dly Develo.0}ng Co.stal Regio. o. So.theastern China

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p.do.p.ere 2001年第4期11卷 289-299页

作者： zhao qiguo institute of soil science, the chinese academy of sciences, p. o. box 821, nanjing 210008 (China) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

p.o.lems in water-land reso.rces and enviro.mental quality increase with the fast eco.o.ic develo.0}ent in the co.stal regio. o. so.theastern China. This regio. has the highest density in p.p.latio., industry and to.ns in China, and the large exp.rt-o.iented eco.o.y makes itself a strategic imp.rtance while China enters into.internatio.al markets. The p.o.lems facing to.this regio. include arable land reductio., land degradatio. aggravatio., high p.rcentage o. built-up.land with high rate o. exp.nsio., exp.nded no.-p.int p.llutio., deterio.ated water quality, decreasing bio.iversity, destro.ed eco.ystems, severe air p.llutio., frequently o.curred acid rain, and multi-p.llutants. The imp.rtant research fields in the near future sho.ld include a) influence o. high-intensity exp.o.tatio. o. reso.rces o. changes o. enviro.ment quality and its feedback; b) interface p.o.esses, key mechanisms and adjustment p.incip.es fo. degradatio. o. water-, land-, and air-reso.rces and enviro.mental quality; c) evo.vement p.o.esses and nurturing theo.y o. bio.iversity and eco.o.ical reso.rces; and d) sp.tio.temp.ral variatio. and human-induced effects o. regio.al reso.rces and enviro.ment quality. Strategies fo. sustainable develo.0}ent in the regio. are as fo.lo.s: a) co.tro.ling to.ensure basic cultivated land area; b) enfo.cing remediatio. o. p.lluted water enviro.ment, and co.tro.ling no.-p.int p.llutio.; c) strengthening eco.o.ical co.structio. and eco.o.ical security; and d) co.tro.ling multi-p.llutio. and p.eventing trace to.ic p.llutants.

关键词： co.stal regio. enviro.ment quality fast eco.o.ic develo.0}ent so.theastern China water- land reso.rce

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p.do.p.ere and Its Effect o. Glo.al Changes

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p.do.p.ere 2000年第2期10卷 97-106页

作者： zhao qiguo and CAo.HUI(institute o. soil science, the chinese academy of sciences, p.o. box 821, Nauling 210008 China) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

With develo.0}ent o. mo.ern geo.1}, p.rticularly develo.0}ent o. enviro.mental sciences, the co.temp.rary soil science is undergo.ng great changes in bo.h research co.tents and sco.0}. soil is no. o.lya certain substance o. a certain indep.ndent natural histo.ical bo.y but also.a sp.eric layer with p.culiarstructure and functio.s in the earth system. Fro. the viewp.int o. the geo.bio.p.ere system o. earth, soilscience do.s deal no. o.ly with the soil substances p.r se but also.mo.e imp.rtantly with the relatio.ship.amo.g soil, the o.her sp.eres and the human survival enviro.ment in view o. the "p.do.p.ere". This is thenew o.ientatio. o. soil science to.ay and will affect p.o.o.ndly the studies o. the human survival enviro.mentand glo.al changes. To.thro. mo.e light o. this subject, the p.esent p.p.r intends to.address the co.cep.io.o. p.do.p.ere and its ro.e in glo.al changes. Also.addressed are series o. enviro.mental issues in China andtheir relatio.s to.the glo.al changes. Mo.eo.er, research o.ientatio. and p.io.ities are indicated, includingexp.o.tatio. and p.o.ectio. o. the soil reso.rces, soil fertility and sustainable agricultural develo.0}ent, co.structio. o. the eco.o.ical enviro.ment, and the material cycling in p.do.p.ere and its relatio. to.glo.alchanges.

关键词： earth eco.o.ical enviro.ment glo.al changes p.do.p.ere soil science

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Leaching o. Nutrient Elements in a Red soil Derived fro. Quaternary Red Clay

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p.do.p.ere 1998年第1期8卷 15-20页

作者： SHEN RENFANG and zhao qiguo(Labo.ato.y o. Material Cycling in p.do.p.ere, institute o. soil science, the chinese academy of sciences,p.o. box 821, nanjing 210008 (China)) Labo.ato.y o. Material Cycling in p.do.p.ere Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 821 Nanjing 210008 China

A red soil derived fro. Quaternary red clay was emp.o.ed to.study nutrient leaching with soil co.umns rep.cked in labo.ato.y. The o.jective was to.identify the effects o. fertilizatio. p.actices o. leaching p.tterns and magnitudes o. Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH+, and No.. The treatments were CK (as a co.tro.), CaCo.,CaSo., MgCo., Ca(H2p.4)2, urea, KCI, and multip.e (a mixture o. the abo.e-mentio.ed fertilizers). The fertilizers were added to.the bare surface o. the soil co.umns, and then the co.umns were leached with 120 mL deio.ized water daily thro.gh p.ristaltic p.mp. o.er a p.rio. o. 92 days. Leaching p.o.esses o. NH+, and No. were o.ly measured in CK, urea, and multip.e treatments which were directly related to.N *** sho.ed that so.e ap.licatio. o. CaSo., and Ca(H2p.4)2 scarcely had any effect o. the leaching lo.ses o. Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+; the ap.licatio. o. MgCo. stimulated the leaching o. Mg2+; the ap.licatio. o. CaCo. p.o.o.ed the leaching o. Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+; urea treatment also.p.o.o.ed the leaching o. K+ and NH+, and No. leaching mainly o.curred at late stage o. leaching p.o.ess in p.rticular; under KCI treatment, leaching o. Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ was p.o.o.ed to.a large extent; under multip.e treatment,leaching o. Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH+, and No. was all increased and No. was mainly leached at the end o. leaching p.o.ess and still had a trend o. increase.

关键词： fertilizatio. nutrient leaching red soil

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Leaching and Redistributio. o. Nutrients in Surface Layer o. Red soils in So.theast China

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p.do.p.ere 2000年第2期10卷 135-142页

作者： SUN Bo.ZHANG TAo.IN and zhao qiguo(institute o. soil science, the chinese academy of sciences, p.o. box 821, Naniing 210008 China) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

The leaching and redistributio. o. nutrients in the surface layer o. 4 typ.s o. red soils in So.theastChina were studied with a lysimeter exp.riment under field co.ditio.s. Results sho.ed that the leachingco.centrated in the rainy seaso. (fro. Ap.il to.June). Generaily, the leaching o. soil nutrients fro. thesurface layer o. red soils was in the o.der o. Ca > Mg > K > No.-N. In fertilizatio. treatment, the to.alamo.nt o. soil nutrients leached o.t o. the surface layer in a red soil derived fro. granite was the highest inall soils. The up.ake by grass decreased the leaching o. fertilizer io.s in surface layer, p.rticularly fo. *** to.al N and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg in the surface layer decreased with leaching and grass up.akeduring the 2 years witho.t new fertilizatio. o. urea, Ca(H2p.4)2, KCl, CaCo. and MgCo.. Ca mo.edfro. the ap.licatio. layer (0~5 cm) o. fertilizer and accumulated in the 10~30 cm dep.h in the soils studiedexcep. that derived fro. Quaternary red clay. The deficiency o. soil exchangeable K will beco.e a serio.sdegradatio. p.o.ess facing the So.theast China.

关键词： leaching nutrients red soils redistributio. So.theast China

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Classificatio. o. Ferrallitic soils in chinese soil Taxo.o.y

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p.do.p.ere 2000年第2期10卷 125-133页

作者： Go.G ZITo.G CHEN ZHICHENG zhao WENJUN and SHI HUA(institute o. soil science, the chinese academy of sciences, p.o. box 821, Naro.ng 210008 China) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

The develo.0}ent o. the classificatio. o. ferrallitic soils in China is reviewed and the classificatio. o.Ferraliso.s and Ferriso.s in chinese soil Taxo.o.y is intro.uced in o.der to.discuss the co.relatio. betweenthe ferrallitic soil classificatio. in the chinese soil Taxo.o.y and tho.e o. the o.her soil classificatio. *** the fo.mer soil classificatio. systems o. China, the ferrallitic soils were classified into.the soil gro.p. o.Lato.o.s, Lato.o.ic red soils, Red soils, Yello. soils and Dry red soils, acco.ding to.the co.binatio. o. soilfo.ming co.ditio.s, soil-fo.ming p.o.esses, soil features and soil p.o.0}rties. In the chinese soil Taxo.o.y,mo.t o. ferrallitic soils are classified into.the soil o.ders o. Ferraliso.s and Ferriso.s based o. the diagno.ticho.izo.s and/o. diagno.tic characteristics with quantitatively defined p.o.0}rties. Ferraliso.s are the soilsthat have ferralic ho.izo., and they are merely subdivided into.o.e subo.der and two.soil gro.p.. Ferriso.sare the soils that have LAC-ferric ho.izo. but do.no. have ferralic ho.izo., and they are subdivided into.hree subo.ders and eleven soil gro.p.. Ferraliso.s may co.resp.nd to.p.rt o. Lato.o.s and Lato.o.ic red *** may either co.resp.nd to.p.rt o. Red soils, Yello. soils and Dry red soils, o. co.resp.nd to.p.rt o.Lato.o.s and Lato.o.ic red soils.

关键词： Ferraliso.s Ferriso.s chinese soil Taxo.o.y

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低丘红壤肥力的时空变异

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土壤学报 2002年第2期39卷 190-198页

作者：孙波赵其国闾国年中国科学院南京土壤研究所南京210008 南京师范大学地理信息科学江苏省重点实验室南京210024

利用地统计学方法研究了我国中亚热带低丘红壤区土壤肥力的时空变异。1 985年和 1 997年 ,在 1 .35km2 的区域内以 1 0 0m× 1 0 0m的网格采集了 1 0 5个表层土壤样品。分析结果表明土壤肥力性质具有较大的空间变异 ,速效磷的变异系数最... 详细信息

利用地统计学方法研究了我国中亚热带低丘红壤区土壤肥力的时空变异。1 985年和 1 997年 ,在 1 .35km2 的区域内以 1 0 0m× 1 0 0m的网格采集了 1 0 5个表层土壤样品。分析结果表明土壤肥力性质具有较大的空间变异 ,速效磷的变异系数最高 ,而p.的变异系数最低。土壤p.空间相关性强 ,而有机质、速效磷和速效钾空间相关性中等。未开垦前 ,土壤肥力性质的空间相关间距大于等于红壤丘陵的直径 ;开垦 1 2年后 ,土壤肥力性质的相关间距减少 ,其中p.和速效钾的相关间距与红壤丘陵的半径相当。土壤肥力性质及其变化值的克立格插值结果显示出一定的空间相似性。

关键词：低丘红壤肥力时空变地统计学土壤

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Direct Estimatio. o. Nitro.en Gases Emitted fro. Flo.ded soils During Denitrificatio. o. Ap.lied Nitro.en

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p.do.p.ere 1991年第3期1卷 241-251页

作者： CAIGUI－XIN YANGNAN－CHANG 等 Labo.ato.yo.MaterialCyclinginp.do.p.ere InstituteofSoilScienceAcademiaSinicaP.O.Box821Nanjing21000

Denitrificatio. lo.ses measured by direct metho. (measuring the evo.utio. o. (N2+N2o.-15N) were co.p.red with the ap.arent denitrificatio. lo.ses (calculated fro. the difference between the to.al N lo.s and ammo.ia lo.s), fo. fertilizers ap.lied to.flo.ded soils. The direct measured denitrificatio. lo.ses fro. p.tassium nitrate were 23.0%, 40.0%, and 63.1-79.7% o. ap.lied N in rice field, and in incubatio.s o. 7 cm deep.layer o. soil and 2 cm deep.layer o. soil, resp.ctively; while the co.resp.nding ap.arent denitrificatio. lo.ses were 96.0%, 98.4%, and 97.7-97.9%, resp.ctively. In field exp.riments with urea, the direct measured denitrificatio. lo.ses ranged fro. 0.1-1.8%, which were much less than the ap.arent denitrificatio. lo.ses (41.3-45.7%). Such discrep.ncies were p.imarily due to.the entrap.ent o. the gaseo.s p.o.ucts o. denitrificatio. in the soil as revealed by the facts: (1) stirring the flo.dwater and the surface soil markedly increased the fluxes o. (N2+N2o.-15N fro. urea o. p.tassium nitrate ap.lied to.the flo.ded rice field, and (2) reducing the p.essure in the headsp.ce o. the incubatio. bo.tle with the 7 cm soil layer during gas samp.ing decreased the discrep.ncy between the direct measured and ap.arent denitrifecatio. lo.ses fro. 58.4% to.21.2%. The advantage o. reducing the p.essure in the headsp.ce is that there is minimal disturbance o. the soil. Further testing o. this technique in rice field is needed to.determine its effectiveness in releasing the entrap.ed gaseo.s p.o.ucts o. denitrificatio. so.that denitrificatio. lo.ses can be quantified directly.

关键词： flo.ded soils measurement o. denitrificatio. lo.s nitro.en fertilizer nitro.en lo.s release o. entrap.ed

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Nighttime sap.flo. o. Acacia mangium and its imp.icatio.s fo. nighttime transp.ratio. and stem water sto.age

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Jo.rnal o. p.ant Eco.o.y 2012年第3期5卷 294-304页

作者： Hua Wang p.ng zhao Dirk Hölscher Quan Wang p.ng Lu Xi A.Cai Xiao.p.Zeng So.th China institute o. Bo.any Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China institute o. Fo.estry and p.mo.o.y Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100093China Research Center fo. Eco.Enviro.mental sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Dep.rtment o. Tro.0}cal Silviculture and Fo.est Eco.o.y University of Göttingen37077 GöttingenGermany Faculty o. Agriculture Shizuoka UniversityShizuoka 422-8529Japan Energy Reso.rces o. Australia Ltd GPO Box 2394DarwinNorthern Territory0801Australia

Aims Nighttime sap.flo. o. trees may indicate transp.ratio. and/o. recharge o. stem water sto.age at *** p.p.r deals with the water use o. Acacia mangium at night in the hilly lands o. subtro.0}cal So.th *** p.imary go.l was to.reveal and understand the nature o. nighttime sap.flo. and its functio.al *** Granier’s thermal dissip.tio. metho. was used to.determine the nighttime sap.flux o. *** exchange system was used to.estimate nighttime leaf transp.ratio. and sto.atal co.ductance o. studied *** Findings Nighttimesap.flo.was substantial and sho.ed seaso.al variatio. similar to.the p.tterns o. daytime sap.flo.in *** nighttime sap.flo. was higher in the less p.ecip.tatio. year o. 2004(1122.4 mm)than in the mo.e p.ecip.tatio. year o. 2005(1342.5 mm)since mo.e daytime transp.ratio. and lo. soil water availability in the relatively dry 2004 can be the cause o. mo.e nighttime sap.*** vap.r p.essure deficit and air temp.rature were significantly co.related with nighttime sap.flo.,they co.ld o.ly exp.ain a small fractio. o. the variance in nighttime sap.*** to.al accumulated water lo.s(E_(L))by transp.ratio. o. cano.0} leaves was o.ly;2.6–8.5%o. the to.al nighttime sap.flo.(E_(t))during the nights o. July 17–18 and 18–19,***,it is likely that the nighttime sap.flo. was mainly used fo. refillingwater in the *** stem diameter at breast height,basal area and sap.o.d area exp.ained much mo.e variance o. nighttime water recharge than enviro.mental facto.s and o.her tree fo.m features,such as tree height,stem length belo. the branch,and cano.0} *** co.tributio. o. nighttime water recharge to.the to.al transp.ratio. ranged fro. 14.7 to.30.3%dep.nding o. different DBH class and was co.siderably higher in the dry seaso. co.p.red to.the wet seaso..

关键词： heat dissip.tio. metho. nighttime sap.flo. nighttime leaf transp.ratio. stem water recharge

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贵州汞矿区周边农田土壤汞镉复合污染特征空间分布及风险评估

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生态环境学报 2022年第8期31卷 1629-1636页

作者：李秀华赵玲滕应骆永明黄标刘冲刘本乐赵其国中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所) 江苏南京210008 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049

贵州汞矿开采和冶炼活动产生的“三废”,带来矿区周边农田土壤重金属污染问题,引起了国家及地方环保部门的高度关注。为探明研究区重金属污染分布,该研究采集了铜仁市敖寨乡农田表层土壤样品350个,双层样品19个,研究区剖面和对照剖面各1... 详细信息

贵州汞矿开采和冶炼活动产生的“三废”,带来矿区周边农田土壤重金属污染问题,引起了国家及地方环保部门的高度关注。为探明研究区重金属污染分布,该研究采集了铜仁市敖寨乡农田表层土壤样品350个,双层样品19个,研究区剖面和对照剖面各1个,测定了土壤p.值、有机质(So.)、总汞(Hg)和总镉(Cd)的含量;采用克里格插值法分析了空间分布特征;依据土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(GB 15618—2018)、Hakanso.潜在生态风险评价法、土壤重金属污染健康风险评估模型对研究区土壤重金属污染进行了安全性评估、潜在生态风险评估及人体健康风险评估。结果表明:该区域土壤p.值7.55±0.60,为弱碱性土壤;77.71%的点位土壤有机质含量高于30.0 g∙kg^(−1);表层土壤汞质量分数(20.20±19.31)mg∙kg^(−1)和表层土壤镉质量分数(1.17±0.33)mg∙kg^(−1)的平均值均高于贵州省和全国背景值;空间分布上,中部和东北部区域以及敖寨河附近的汞和镉含量较高;相关性分析结果显示,土壤p.值和有机质含量均与土壤汞、镉含量呈显著正相关,土壤汞和镉含量也呈显著正相关关系。88.57%的点位土壤汞含量高于农用地土壤污染风险管制值,而镉含量基本介于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值和土壤污染风险管制值之间。研究区中部和东南部存在较强的镉潜在生态风险,大部分点位都存在极强的汞潜在生态风险。土壤汞和镉对儿童的非致癌健康风险明显高于成人,经口摄入途径对人体健康风险的危害指数最大,汞极有可能对成人和儿童的健康造成危害。鉴此,该研究区农田土壤汞镉复合污染较为严重,存在较强的生态风险和健康风险,亟需开展农田土壤污染风险管控与修复技术研究。

关键词：农田土壤汞污染镉污染空间分布风险评估潜在生态风险人体健康风险

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New sp.cies and p.ylo.eny o. p.rennip.ria based o. mo.p.o.o.ical and mo.ecular characters

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 47-60页

作者： Chang-Lin zhao Bao.Kai Cui Yu-Cheng Dai institute o. Micro.io.o.y Beijing Forestry UniversityP.O.Box 61Beijing 100083China State Key Labo.ato.y o. Fo.est and soil Eco.o.y Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110164China

Three new resup.nate,p.ro.d,wo.d-inhabiting fungi,p.rennip.ria aridula,*** and ***,are intro.uced o. the basis o. mo.p.o.o.ical and mo.ecular *** study based o. sequence data fro. the ribo.o.al ITS and LSU regio.s sup.o.ted the three new sp.cies’p.sitio.s in p.rennip.ria s.s.,and all o. them fo.med mo.o.0}yletic lineages with stro.g sup.o.t(100%Bp.1.00 Bp.).p.ylo.enetic analysis revealed seven clades fo. the 31 sp.cies o. p.rennip.ria *** in this *** them,p.rennip.riella clustered with p.rennip.ria o.hro.euca gro.p.and then subsequently gro.p.d with *** additio.,the *** gro.p.the *** gro.p.the *** gro.p.and *** fo.med well sup.o.ted mo.o.0}yletic entities,which co.ld be reco.nized as distinct genera,and they are no. related to.***-p.nis which belo.gs to.p.rennip.ria *** identificatio. key to.38 sp.cies o. p.rennip.ria o.curring in China is p.o.ided.

关键词： p.ylo.eny ITS and nLSU p.lyp.re Taxo.o.y China

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