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Warming in Arctic intermediate and deep waters around Chukchi Plateau and its adjacent regions in 1.99

Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1312-1320页

作者： zhao jinping1,{1., state oceanic administration, qingdao 2.6061, china 2. Ocean University of china, qingdao 266003, china 1. first {1. of oceanography State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China 2. Ocean University of china 266003 Qingdao China

Based on the data measured during Arctic scientific expedition of china in 1.99, the characteristics of temperature and salinity distributions around the Chukchi Plateau and its ad-jacent regions have been studied. It was found that the intermediate water with temperature higher than 0.5℃ existed in all parts of a 640 km section with a maximum temperature of 0.85℃ indicating a strong signal of the warming in Arctic Intermediate Water in 1.99. Two important phenomena are described in this paper. {1., the temperature of warm water was horizontally nonuniform. In the area of Chukchi Plateau, the temperature was higher, the layer of warm water was thicker and the depth of the warm water core was shallower than those in the area of con-tinental slope. The horizontal nonuniformity of the temperature distribution of warming water im-plies that the upward heat flux should also be nonuniform, thus exerting different effects on sea ice thickness, ice extent, and air-sea heat exchange. The mechanism to generate higher tem-perature in the plateau region was the bypassing of current around the plateau area caused by the special local topography, which restricted water exchange across the plateau and conserved heat in the water body. Second, the deep water down to 1.00 m was also warming with a tem-perature increase of 0.2℃. The warming in deep water reflects the occurrence of complicated heat redistribution processes in the intermediate water, which altered the thermal structure in the upper 1.00 m. The warming data embody the obvious impact of global climate change on the Arctic Ocean and further studies are wanted.

关键词： Chukchi Plateau, Arctic Ocean, warming in intermediate water, warming in deep water.

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Water mass of the northward throughflow in the Bering Strait in the summer of 2003

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2006年第2期25卷 25-32页

作者： zhao {1. SHI Jiuxin gao guoping jiao yutian ZHANG Hongxin Key Laboratory of Physical oceanography of Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China North china Sea Branch of the{1. Qingdao 266000 China

The temperature and salinity data obtained by the Chinese national arctic research expedition （chinaRE2003） are used to study the water structure in the Bering Strait and ambient regions. Four water masses appeared in the research region： the intermediate Bering Sea water mass （IBWM）, the Alaska coastal water （ACW）, the Anadyr water （AW） and the Bering shelf water （BSW）. The AW originates from the IBWM, but the upper layer water has been greatly altered. In the cruise on 28/29 July 2003, there were only the BSW and ACW in a section across the Bering Strait （BS section）, but in the September 1./1. cruise, the AW, BSW and ACW flowed parallelly into the Bering Strait. The upper waters of these water masses were all altered due to ice melting, runoff, solar radiation, and wind mixing. The waters in the central and northern parts of Bering Strait stratified by two uniform layers,were expressed as the typical feature of the water masses originating from the pacific. A two-layer structure also dominated the vertical stratification in most part of the Chukchi Sea. An obvious subseasonal variation was observed in the BS section, which caused varying transportation of fresh water, heat, and substance, and produced a long-term and extensive impact on the Arctic Ocean.

关键词： Bering Strait water mass Pacific water Arctic Ocean chinaRE2003

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Distribution of Pacific-origin water in the region of the Chukchi Plateau in the Arctic Ocean in the summer of 2003

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第6期24卷 12-24页

作者： SHI Jiuxin CAO Yong zhao {1. gao guoping jiao yutian LI Shujiang first {1. of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China College of Physical and Environmental oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

The upper ocean thermohaline structures in the region of the Chukchi Plateauare analyzed with the hydrographic data collected by the Chinese National Arctic Research Expeditionin the summer of 2003. Three types of the Pacific-origin water were found in the upper ocean,Alaska Coastal Water (ACW), summer Bering Sea Water (sBSW) and winter Bering Sea Water (wBSW) areindicated by two maximums temperature and one minimum temperature, piling up from the upper to thelower respectively. The extreme warm ACW with a maximum temperature of 1.62℃ was found in thesouthwestern Canada Basin at a depth of about 50 m. A pathway of the ACW into the basin from itsadjacent area did not existed in the expedition period. So it is speculated that the extreme warmfeature of the ACW was formed locally in 2003. The relative weak ACW occurred to the east of theChukchi Cap and in the southern Chukchi Abyssal Plain. The latter one might originate from a warmdownwelling that existed in a small canyon at the shelf break of the Chukchi Sea. The sBSW withoutthe ACW was found only at the southwestern flank of the Chukchi Cap. The ACW and the sBSW were notfound in the northernmost station at 81.N,which indicates the north boundary of the upperPacific-origin water in the Canada Basin. The wBSW, which existed in all deep stations, was exactlyuniform at temperature. The difference of the core potential temperature of the wBSW in the deepregions is only 0.08℃.

关键词： alaska coastal water bering sea water water mass arctic ocean

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Thermodynamic model of melt pond and its application during summer of 201. in the central Arctic Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第8期36卷 84-93页

作者： ZHANG Shugang BIAN Lingen zhao {1. LI Min CHEN Shizhe jiao yutian CHEN Ping Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Environmental Monitoring Technology Institute of Oceanographic InstrumentationShandong Academy of SciencesQingdao 266100China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Physical oceanography of Ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

A one-dimensional thermodynamic model of melt pond is established in this paper. The observation data measured in the summer of 201. by the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition （chinaRE-201.） are used to partially parameterize equations and to validate results of the model. About 85% of the incident solar radiation passed through the melt pond surface, and some of it was released in the form of sensible and latent heat. However, the released energy was very little （about 1.%）, compared to the incident solar radiation. More than 58.6% of the incident energy was absorbed by melt pond water, which caused pond-covered ice melting and variation of pond water temperature. The simulated temperature of melt pond had a diurnal variation and its value ranged between 0.0~C and 0.3~C. The melting rate of upper pond-covered ice is estimated to be around two times faster than snow-covered ice. At same time, the change of melting rate was relatively quick for pond depth less than 0.4 m, while the melting rate kept relatively constant （about 1.0 cm/d） for pond depth greater than 0.4 m.

关键词： Arctic Ocean melt pond thermodynamic process melting rate

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